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SCC and SCR

This document describes how to measure the parameters of a synchronous generator model from tests. It involves: 1. Performing an open-circuit test by varying the field current and measuring terminal voltage to obtain the open-circuit characteristic curve. This determines the relationship between field current and internal generated voltage. 2. Performing a short-circuit test by varying the field current and measuring armature current with the terminals shorted. This produces a straight line short-circuit characteristic used to determine the synchronous reactance. 3. Using the open-circuit and short-circuit characteristic curves, the internal generated voltage, synchronous reactance, and armature resistance can be determined to fully describe the generator's behavior.

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68 views5 pages

SCC and SCR

This document describes how to measure the parameters of a synchronous generator model from tests. It involves: 1. Performing an open-circuit test by varying the field current and measuring terminal voltage to obtain the open-circuit characteristic curve. This determines the relationship between field current and internal generated voltage. 2. Performing a short-circuit test by varying the field current and measuring armature current with the terminals shorted. This produces a straight line short-circuit characteristic used to determine the synchronous reactance. 3. Using the open-circuit and short-circuit characteristic curves, the internal generated voltage, synchronous reactance, and armature resistance can be determined to fully describe the generator's behavior.

Uploaded by

Kiran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MASURING SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR MODEL PARAMETERS

The equivalent circuit of a synchronous generator that has been derived contains three
quantities that must be determined in order to completely describe the be-havior of a real
synchronous generator:
1. The relationship between field current and flux (and therefore between the
field current and EA)
2. The synchronous reactance
3. The armature resistance
This section describes a simple technique for determining these quantities in a
synchronous generator.
The first step in the process is to perform the open-circuit test on the gener-ator. To
perform this test, the generator is turned at the rated speed, the terminals are disconnected
from all loads, and the field current is set to zero. Then the field current is gradually increased
in steps, and the terminal voltage is measured at each step along the way. With the terminals
open, IA = 0, so EA is equal to Vϕ. It is thus possible to construct a plot of EA (or VT) versus
IF from this information. This plot is the so-called open-circuit characteristic (OCC) of a
generator. With this charac-teristic, it is possible to find the internal generated voltage of the
generator for any given field current. A typical open-circuit characteristic is shown in Figure
4-17a. Notice that at first the curve is almost perfectly linear, until some saturation is ob-
served at high field currents. The unsaturated iron in the frame of the synchronous machine
has a reluctance
several thousand times
lower than the air-gap
reluctance,
so at first almost all the magnetomotive force is across the air gap, and the
result-ing flux increase is linear. When the iron finally saturates, the reluctance of the
iron increases dramatically, and the flux increases much more slowly with an increase
in

magnetomotive force. The linear portion of an OCC is called the air-gap line of the
characteristic.

The second step in the process is to conduct the short-circuit test. To per-form the short-
circuit test, adjust the field current to zero again and short-circuit the terminals of the
generator through a set of ammeters. Then the armature cur-rent IA or the line current IL is
measured as the field current is increased. Such a plot is called a short-circuit characteristic
(SCC) and is shown in Figure 4-17b. It is essentially a straight line. To understand why this
characteristic is a straight line, look at the equivalent circuit in Figure 4-12 when the terminals
of the machine are short-circuited. Such a circuit is shown in Figure 4-18a. Notice that when
the terminals are short-circuited, the armature current IA is given by
asa

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