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Santa Clara University. (2019). Ethics in Life and Business. Retrieved from https://www.scu.edu/mobi/resources--
tools/blog-posts/ethics-in-life-and-business/ethics-in-life-and-business.html
rules of behavior based on ideas about what is morally
good and bad.
Schiavone, V. et. al. (2009). Surfing
among the cybersharks. Retrieved
from https://www.preachtheword
.com/bookstore/surfing.pdf
Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in
Media and Information
▪ Cybercrime – an illegal act with the usage of
electronic media that is punishable by the
government.
 Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in
Media and Information
▪ Copyright - a legal device that gives
the creator of a literary, artistic,
musical, or other creative work the
sole right to publish and sell that
work. Copyright owners have the
right to control the reproduction of
their work, including the right to
receive payment for that
reproduction. An author may grant or
sell those rights to others, including
publishers or recording companies.
Violation of a copyright is called
infringement.
Slane, C. (nd). Copyrigthed Property Cartoon. Retrieved from
https://www.cartoonstock.com/directory/c/copyrighted_property.asp
Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in
Media and Information
▪ Plagiarism - an act or instance of using or closely imitating
the language and thoughts of another author without
authorization.

Paley, N. (2010). Thief. Retrieved from https://mimiandeunice.com/2010/07/30/thief/

 Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in
Media and Information
Types of Plagiarism that sources is not really cited:

▪ Ghost writer – the writer turns in another work, word-for-

word, as his or her own.
▪ Photocopy – the writer copies significant portions of text
straight from a single source, without alteration.
▪ Potluck paper – the writer copies several different sources,
tweaking the sentences to make them fit together while
retaining most of the original phrasing.
▪ Poor Disguise – the writer has altered the paper’s
appearance slightly by changing key words and phrases.
 Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in
Media and Information
Types of Plagiarism that sources is not really cited:

▪ Labor laziness – the writer takes time to paraphrase most

of the paper from other sources and make it all fit
together.
▪ Self-Stealer – the writer borrows generously from his or
her previous work.
 Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in
Media and Information
Types of Plagiarism that sources is cited but still plagiarized

▪ Forgotten Footnote – the writer mentions an author’s

name for a source, but neglects to include specific
information on the location of the material referenced.
▪ Misinformer – the writer provides inaccurate information
regarding sources, making it impossible to find them.
▪ Too-Perfect Paraphrase – the writer properly cites a
source, but neglects to put the quotation marks on text
that has been copied word-for-word, or close to it.
 Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in
Media and Information
Types of Plagiarism that sources is cited but still plagiarized

▪ Resourceful Citer – the writer properly cites all sources,

paraphrasing and using quotations appropriately. The
catch? The paper contains almost no original work!
▪ Perfect Crime – the writer properly quotes and cites
sources in some places, but goes on to paraphrase other
arguments from those sources without citation.
 Know your meme. (20202). Stop
Bullying Comics. Retrieved from
https://knowyourmeme.com/mem
es/stop-bullying-comics/photos
Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in
Media and Information
▪ Cyberbullying – the electronic posting of mean-spirited
messages about a person or as a student that is often done
anonymously. It takes place online usually by using
cellphone, computer and tablets over communication tools
including social media sites, text messages, chat, and
websites.
▪ Examples of cyber bullying: text messages or emails
composed to insult or demean; rumors or false statements
spread by email or posted on social networking sites; and
humiliating photos, videos, websites, or fake profiles
deliberately shared across social media.
Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in
Media and Information

Kidshelpline. (2020). Cyberbullying. Trolling. Outing.

Cancelling. Doxxing. Retrieved from
https://kidshelpline.com.au/cyberbullying
Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in
Media and Information

Disruptive Asia. (2020). Critical and troubling cyberbullying

statistics emerge in 2020. https://disruptive.asia/critical-
troubling-cyberbullying-statistics-emerge-in-2020/
 Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in
Media and Information

Disruptive Asia. (2020). Critical and troubling cyberbullying

statistics emerge in 2020. https://disruptive.asia/critical-
troubling-cyberbullying-statistics-emerge-in-2020/
Telus. (2018). Playing Nice, created in partnership with MediaSmarts. Retrieved from https://www.telus.com/
en/wise/resources/content/comic/playing-nice-created-in-partnership-with-mediasmarts
Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in
Media and Information
▪ Computer addiction – the excessive use of computers to
the extent that it interferes with daily life. This excessive
use may for example interfere with work or sleep, result in
problems with social interaction, or affect mood,
relationships, and thought processes.

https://www.pngfuel.com/free-png/ayorr
Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in
Media and Information
wanna-joke.com/computer-addiction/
https://www.toonpool.com/cartoons/computer%2520graphics%2520playing%2520outsid_43797
Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in
Media and Information
How computer addiction can affect our body?
▪ Eye Strain – using computer for long periods is one of the
most common causes of eyestrain. In the past 30 years,
the percentage of adults needing glasses grew from 25%
to 41.6%
▪ Bad Posture – extensive reading off a computer screen
tends to lead to hunching over and other bad posture
habits.
 Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in
Media and Information
Treatment for Computer Addicition
▪ Creating a behavior modification plan, such as setting a timer for
usage, planning a daily schedule, keeping a log of moods when
online, matching time spent online with time spent socializing
face-to-face, and taking part in non-computer related activities.
▪ Focusing on other areas for skill enhancement, such as problem
solving, assertiveness, social skills, overcoming shyness and
anger control.
▪ Assessing for other disorders like depression or anxiety that may
need medical treatment.
▪ Assist in locating or forming a support group for other students
who are trying to regain control over their computer use.
Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in
Media and Information
 Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in
Media and Information
▪ Digital divide – an economic inequality
between groups in terms of access to, use of,
or knowledge of ICT. The divide within
countries (such as the digital divide in the
United States) can refer to inequalities between
individuals, households, businesses, and
geographic areas at different socioeconomic
(and other demographic) levels.
 Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in
Media and Information

▪ Globally, 9% of all children of

primary school age are still being
denied with the right to schooling
and education, which rates are
reaching from 16% to 37% for the
youth of lower and upper secondary
ages, according to the report of
UNESCO.
https://chrispearce.wordpress.com/2014/10/07/teacher-
comics-digital-divide/
https://twitter.com/erictopol/status/766708713650434048
Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in
Media and Information

“How can you ensure quality learning if

an option for digital tools is limited?
How can students in the rural
communities and far-flung areas are
going to cope with the #NewNormal?”
 Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in
Media and Information
Internet users in the Philippines
▪ There were 73.00 million internet users in the
Philippines in January 2020.
▪ Internet penetration in the Philippines stood at 67% in
January 2020.

Mobile connections in the Philippines

▪ There were 173.2 million mobile connections in the
Philippines in January 2020.
▪ The number of mobile connections in the
Philippines increased by 38 million (+28%) between
January 2019 and January 2020.
▪ The number of mobile connections in the Philippines in
January 2020 was equivalent to 159% of the total
population
 Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in
Media and Information

MOBILE DATA NETWORK 4G V.S. 5G

 Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in
Media and Information
Three Ways to Mitigate Digital Divide
1. Understand social context
2. Increase social media in developing countries
3. Encourage education in developing countries
 Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in
Media and Information
Laws Related to Legal, Ethical and Societal Issues in Media
and Information

“Intellectual Property code of the Philippines 2012”

[ Republic Act No. 8293 ]
AN ACT PRESCRIBING THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CODE AND
ESTABLISHING THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OFFICE, PROVIDING FOR ITS
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
 Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in
Media and Information

COPYRIGHT UNREGISTERED REGISTERED PATENT

TRADEMARK TRADEMARK
 COPYRIGHT PATENT TRADEMARK
What’s Protected? Original Works of Inventions, such as Any word, phrase,
authorship, such as processes, machines, symbol, and/or design
books, articles, songs, manufactures, that identifies and
photographs, compositions of matter distinguishes the source
sculptures, as well as of the goods of one
choreography, sound improvements to these party from those of
recordings, motion others
pictures and other
works
Requirements to be A work must be An invention must be A mark must be
Protected original, creative and new, useful and non- distinctive (i.e. that is,
fixed in a tangible obvious must be capable of
medium identifying the source of
a particular good)
Term of Protection Author’s life plus 70 20 years For as long as the mark
more years used in commerce
Rights Granted Right to control the Right to prevent others Right to use the mark
reproduction, making from making, selling and to prevent others
derivative works, using or importing the from using similar
distribution and public patented invention marks in a way that
performance and would cause a
display of the likelihood-of-confusion
copyrighted works about the origin of the
goods and services
 Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in
Media and Information

Fair Use – It means you can use

copyrighted material without license
only for a certain purposes. These
include:
▪ Commentary
▪ Criticism
▪ Reporting
▪ Research
▪ Teaching
 Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in
Media and Information

Guidelines for Fair Use:

▪ A majority of the content you create
must be your own.
▪ Don’t give credit to the copyright
holder.
▪ Don’t make money off of the
copyrighted work.
 Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in
Media and Information
Laws Related to Legal, Ethical and Societal Issues in Media
and Information

“Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012”

[ Republic Act No. 10175 ]
AN ACT DEFINING CYBERCRIME, PROVIDING FOR THE PREVENTION,
INVESTIGATION, SUPPRESSION AND THE IMPOSITION OF PENALTIES
THEREFOR AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
 Do’s in Internet Surfing DON’Ts in Internet Surfing
▪ Set privacy settings to the most secure ▪ Post any information that would let
setting available someone know that your house is empty
▪ Most social networking sites offer ways ▪ Posting about being out of town for a
to restrict access to make sure few days could make someone likely
information is being shared only with target of thieves
friends and not the internet at large. ▪ Post anything online that would cause
▪ Make unique password for every social problems if made public
site ▪ Click on links that may appear to be
▪ Remember that superiors also have unusual or suspicious
social media accounts ▪ Post any information that can lead
▪ Be selective about who is accepted as a hackers to passwords for online banking
“friend” or “follower.” or other accounts
 Smith, K. (2019). Towards a Cybersecurity
Partnership in Connected Buildings.
Retrieved from https://www.realcomm.
com/ news/912/2/towards-a-cyber security-
partnership-in-connected-buildings
Philippine National Police. (2018). Cybercrime Prevention Tips.
Retrieved from https://pnp.gov.ph/index.php/news-and-
information/2155-cybercrime-prevention-tips/
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/11962755230720460/
DepEd MIL Teaching Guide
Official Gazaette of the Philippines
BusinessWindo Services Pvt. Ltd. (2017). Differences Between Trademark, Copyright and Patent. Retrieved from
http://www.businesswindo.com/info-cafe/difference-between-trademark-copyright-and-patent

Intellectual Property of the Philippines. (nd). History. Retrieved on September 9, 2020 from
https://www.ipophil.gov.ph/history/
Wilson, C., Grizzle, A., Tuazon, R., Kwane, A. & Cheung, C.K. (2011). Media and Information Literacy: Curriculum
for Teachers. France: UNESCO Press ISBN 978-92-3-104198-3 (EN); 978-959-18-07; 978-959-18-0787-8 (ES)
Kemp, S. (2020). Digital 2020: The Philippines. Retrieved from https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2020-
philippines

Check
Out! References:
Copyright © 2012, Office Timeline, LLC. All rights reserved.
Padlan. N. (2020). Bridging Digital Divide in the time of Covid-19 Pandemic. Retrieved from
https://philippines.makesense.org/2020/07/21/bridging-digital-divide-in-the-time-of-covid-19-pandemic/

Ping, A. (2016). Media and Information Literacy (MIL) 7. Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in Media and
Information (Part 3)- Plagiarism. Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/arnielping/understanding-
propaganda-in-the-digital-world-67804796

The University of Texas at dallas. (2020). Computer Addiction. Retrieved

fromhttps://www.utdallas.edu/counseling/computeraddiction/

Suzuki, L. (2015). The Digital Divide: Bridge that Gap. Retrieved from
https://www.opensesame.com/site/blog/digital-divide-bridge-gap/

Check
Out! References:
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