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Pathophysiology - Tia VS Cva

Cardiovascular diseases like stroke are caused by a combination of risk factors including age, sex, genetics, lifestyle, and medical conditions. Specifically, increasing age raises risk as the heart loses ability to pump blood effectively. Males are more susceptible due to higher risk lifestyles. Family history, hypertension, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and diabetes all damage blood vessels over time through atherosclerosis. This restricts blood flow and oxygen, potentially causing transient ischemic attacks or full strokes in the brain. Strokes are diagnosed through exams and treated medically or surgically to restore blood flow and prevent permanent neurological damage or death.

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Zeo Zafaralla
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586 views6 pages

Pathophysiology - Tia VS Cva

Cardiovascular diseases like stroke are caused by a combination of risk factors including age, sex, genetics, lifestyle, and medical conditions. Specifically, increasing age raises risk as the heart loses ability to pump blood effectively. Males are more susceptible due to higher risk lifestyles. Family history, hypertension, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and diabetes all damage blood vessels over time through atherosclerosis. This restricts blood flow and oxygen, potentially causing transient ischemic attacks or full strokes in the brain. Strokes are diagnosed through exams and treated medically or surgically to restore blood flow and prevent permanent neurological damage or death.

Uploaded by

Zeo Zafaralla
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Age Sex Cardiovasc Hypertensi Genetics Smoking Sedentary Diet Diabetes


ular Dse on Lifestyle Mellitus

Increase in Male is Cardiovasul Increase in Family Cigarettes Sedentary Foods rich DM causes
age will more at risk car diseases blood history of are potent lifestyle in sugar, sluggish
make an for stroke decreases pressure stroke, vasodilator increases salt, and blood flow
individual because of the ability deprives hypertensio s which an cholesterol thereby
more at risk their of the heart body n, and contribute individual contributes decreasing
for diseases lifestyle to pump organs of diabetes to risk for to diabetes oxygen to
especially which can blood to oxygen mellitus can hypertensio obesity, and the brain.
cardiac cause different because of contribute n. This also diabetes, hypertensin This also
problems complicatio organs of poor to stroke increases and o leading to helps in
ns of the the body circulation attacks. risk for cardiovascu atheroscelr developing
heart causing blood clot lar osis atheroscler
oxygen formations. complicatio osis.
deprivation ns.

ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Accumulation of plaques along Increase in blood flow pressure
the lumen of blood vessel

Decrease in blood vessel


Blood vessel ruptures.
diameter

Clotting factors occlude in


Blood forms hematoma
plaques

Segment of occluded platelets


Destroys and compresses brain
detaches
tissue

Travels to smaller vessels

Blood clot blocks of blood flow

OXYGEN DEPRIVATION Headache

Cerebellum Frontal lobe & Broca’s area Parietal lobe Occipital lobe Temporal lobe &
wernicke’s area

Loss of movement, balance, Slurred speech, loss of Numbness, Loss of Loss of vision and vision Inability to interpret sound
and coordination control of skeletal muscles, sensation interpretation and smell, inability to
apathy, weakness comprehend sentences
Diagnostic exams:

1) Hematology
2) Radiology
3) CT scan
4) EEG
5) MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
6) Neurological exam

STROKE

TRAN SCIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK CEREBROVASCULAR ATTACK

is a change in the blood supply to a particular area of the brain, resulting is the rapidly developing loss of brain function(s) due to disturbance in
in brief neurologic dysfunction that persists, by definition, for less than the blood supply to the brain. This can be due to ischemia (lack of blood
24 hours. flow) caused by blockage (thrombosis or arterial embolism) or due to
a hemorrhage (leakage of blood). As a result, the affected area of the
brain is unable to function, leading to inability to move one or more limbs
on one side of the body, inability to understand or formulate speech, or
inability to see one side of the visual field.

If Managed If Not Managed


Brain is continuously deprived with oxygen
Medical management: Nursing Management:

1) Anticoagulants 1) Bed rest


2) Antiplatelets 2) Lifestyle modification
3) Thrombolytic Agents 3) Compliance to meds
May affect other parts of the brain
4) Antihypertensives 4) Diet modification
5) Neuroprotective agents 5) Report early signs of
stroke

Progressive brain death


Surgical Management:

1) Carotid endarterectomy - in this procedure, a surgeon removes plaques


blocking the carotid arteries that run up both sides of your neck to your
brain Permanent Paralysis
2) Angioplasty and stents - Angioplasty is another technique that can widen
the inside of a plaque-coated artery leading to your brain, usually the
carotid artery using a balloon tipped catheter

Coma

DEATH

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