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Chapter 2.2 - Curvilinear Motion - Rectangular Components

This document describes curvilinear and rectangular component motion. It defines key concepts like: 1) Curvilinear motion as motion along a curved path defined by a path function. The position vector r varies in both magnitude and direction over time. 2) Velocity is the rate of change of the position vector and represents the particle's speed and direction of motion. 3) Acceleration is the rate of change of the velocity vector and represents how the particle's speed and direction of motion are changing. 4) Rectangular components describe motion in terms of x, y, z coordinates relative to a fixed frame of reference. The velocity and acceleration vectors are defined in terms of their x, y, z components and

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AmirulHanif Alyahya
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211 views8 pages

Chapter 2.2 - Curvilinear Motion - Rectangular Components

This document describes curvilinear and rectangular component motion. It defines key concepts like: 1) Curvilinear motion as motion along a curved path defined by a path function. The position vector r varies in both magnitude and direction over time. 2) Velocity is the rate of change of the position vector and represents the particle's speed and direction of motion. 3) Acceleration is the rate of change of the velocity vector and represents how the particle's speed and direction of motion are changing. 4) Rectangular components describe motion in terms of x, y, z coordinates relative to a fixed frame of reference. The velocity and acceleration vectors are defined in terms of their x, y, z components and

Uploaded by

AmirulHanif Alyahya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2.

2 CURVILINEAR MOTION:
GENERAL & RECTANGULAR COMPONENTS
Learning Outcome:
Upon completion of this sub-chapter, students will be able to:
1. Describe the motion of a particle traveling along a curved path.
2. Relate kinematic quantities (displacement, velocity and
acceleration) in terms of the rectangular components of the vectors.
GENERAL CURVILINEAR MOTION
(Section 12.4)
A particle moving along a curved path undergoes curvilinear motion.
Since the motion is often three-dimensional, vectors are used to
describe the motion.

A particle moves along a curve


defined by the path function, s.

The position of the particle at any instant is designated by the vector


r = r(t). Both the magnitude and direction of r may vary with time.

If the particle moves a distance Ds along the


curve during time interval Dt, the
displacement is determined by vector
subtraction: D r = r’ - r
VELOCITY
Velocity represents the rate of change in the position of a
particle.

The magnitude of v is called the speed. Since the arc length Ds


approaches the magnitude of Dr as t→0, the speed can be
obtained by differentiating the path function (v = ds/dt). Note
that this is not a vector!
ACCELERATION
Acceleration represents the rate of change in the
velocity of a particle.

A plot of the locus of points defined by the arrow of


the velocity vector is called a hodograph. The
acceleration vector is tangent to the hodograph, but
not, in general, tangent to the path function.
CURVILINEAR MOTION: RECTANGULAR COMPONENTS
(Section 12.5)
It is often convenient to describe the motion of a particle in
terms of its x, y, z or rectangular components, relative to a fixed
frame of reference.
The position of the particle can be
defined at any instant by the
position vector
r=xi+yj+zk .
The x, y, z components may all be
functions of time, i.e.,
x = x(t), y = y(t), and z = z(t) .

The magnitude of the position vector is: r = (x2 + y2 + z2)0.5


The direction of r is defined by the unit vector: ur = (1/r)r
RECTANGULAR COMPONENTS: VELOCITY
The velocity vector is the time derivative of the position vector:

Since the unit vectors i, j, k are constant in magnitude and


direction, this equation reduces to v = vx i + vy j + vz k
• • •
where vx = x = dx/dt, vy = y = dy/dt, vz = z = dz/dt

The magnitude of the velocity


vector is
v = [(vx)2 + (vy)2 + (vz)2]0.5

The direction of v is tangent


to the path of motion.
RECTANGULAR COMPONENTS: ACCELERATION

The acceleration vector is the time derivative of the


velocity vector (second derivative of the position vector):
a = dv/dt = d2r/dt2 = ax i + ay j + az k
•
•• •• •
v
where ax = x = x v
= dvx /dt, ay = y = y = dvy /dt,
az = v• z = z•• = dvz /dt
The magnitude of the acceleration vector is
a = [(ax)2 + (ay)2 + (az)2 ]0.5

The direction of a is usually


not tangent to the path of the
particle.
Next sub-chapter :
Curvilinear Motion (Projectile)

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