Grade 10 Activity Sheet 1 - Quarter II
Grade 10 Activity Sheet 1 - Quarter II
Number
Degree of Leading Constant
Polynomial of Factored Form
Polynomials Coefficient Term
Factors
𝑦 2 + 10𝑦 + 21 2 2 1 21 (𝑥 + 3) (𝑥 + 7)
Guide Questions:
1. What is the relationship between the degree of polynomials and the number of
factors? What does it imply?
The degree of polynomials and the number of factors is equal. This means that
the degree of polynomials determines the number of factors a polynomial has.
2. What can you notice on the leading coefficient or the coefficient of the highest
degree term to the product of the coefficients of the x-terms in the factored form?
The leading coefficient or the coefficient of the highest degree term is equal to the
product of the coefficients of the x-terms in the factored form. For example, in the
polynomial 6x 2 + 11x + 3, the leading coefficient is 6, and is equal to 6 as the product
of the coefficients 3x and 2x of the x-terms in the factored form (3x + 1)(2x + 3).
3. What can you notice on the constant term of the given polynomials to the product
of the constant terms in the factored form?
The constant term of the given polynomials to the product of the constant terms in
the factored form. For example, in polynomial 𝑥 2 + 15𝑥 + 36, the constant term 36 is
equal to 36 as the product of 3 and 12 of the constant terms in the factored form
(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 12).
Let us now use the techniques presented above and deepen our understanding in
factoring polynomials.
Solution:
a. 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟏𝟓𝐱 + 𝟑𝟔
Which pair of factors of 36 has a sum of 15?
Try factors of 36 for the constant terms in the binomials. Which is correct?
Check your answer by finding the product of its factors.
b. 𝟔𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏𝐱 + 𝟑
The possible factors of 6 as the leading numerical coefficient are 6 and 1 or 3 and 2.
Thus, the first term of the factors may be written as follows:
(6x + _______) (x + _______) or (3x + _______) (2x + _______)
Try the possible factors of 3 for the constant terms of the binomial factors.
(6x + 1) (x + 3)
(6x + 3) (x + 1)
(3x + 1) (2x + 3)
(3x + 3) (2x + 1)
Check by multiplying the factors to get the product using FOIL method or
horizontal method.
(6x + 1)(x + 3) = 6x 2 + 18x + x + 3
= 6x 2 + 19x + 3
Thus, (6x + 1)and (x + 3) are not the factors.
(6x + 3)(x + 1) = 6x 2 + 6x + 3x + 1
= 6x 2 + 9x + 1
Thus, (6x + 3)and (x + 1) are not the factors.
(3x + 1)(2x + 3) = 6x 2 + 9x + 2x + 3
= 6x 2 + 11x + 3
Thus, (3x + 1) and (2x + 3) are the factors of the given polynomial 6x 2 + 11x + 3.
The last possible factors may no longer need to be checked since factors
were already solved.
c. 𝟖𝐱 𝟓 + 𝟐𝟎𝐱 𝟒 −𝟏𝟐𝐱 𝟑
A primary consideration in factoring polynomials is the presence of common
monomial. Common monomial is a one term factor that is present in all the terms of
the given monomial. In the given polynomial, 4x 3 is a common factor.
8x 5 + 20x 4 −12x 3 = 4x 3 (2x 2 + 5x − 3)
Note that the trinomial (2x 2 + 5x − 3)can still be factored.
Considering 2 as the leading numerical term and -3 as the constant term, the
possible factors are:
(2x + 1)(x − 3)
(2x − 1)(x + 3)
(2x + 3)(x − 1)
(2x − 3)(x + 1)
Check the product of the above possible factors using FOIL method or
horizontal method.
(2x + 1)(x − 3) = 2x 2 − 6x + x − 3
= 2x 2 − 5x − 3
(2x − 1)(x + 3) = 2x 2 + 6x − x − 3
= 2x 2 + 5x − 3 ← correct
(2x + 3)(x − 1) = 2x 2 − 2x + 3x − 3
= 2x 2 + x − 3
(2x − 3)(x + 1) = 2x 2 + 2x − 3x − 3
= 2x 2 − x − 3
The possible factors are (3𝑥 − 1), (3𝑥 + 1 ), (𝑥 − 1), (𝑥 + 1), (𝑥 − 3), (𝑥 + 3),
(𝑥 + 9), (𝑥 − 9).
It is interesting to note that only the binomials (3𝑥 − 1), (𝑥 + 1), and (𝑥 − 3) satisfy
the Factor Theorem. This suggests that one of these binomials is a double factor. To
find the other factor, divide 3𝑥 4 −16𝑥 3 +14𝑥 2 + 24𝑥 − 9 by the product (3𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 +
1)(𝑥 − 3). You may divide the given polynomial by each binomial.
3𝑥 3 −15𝑥 2 +9𝑥+27
b. Divide the first depressed equation by the second factor
𝑥+1
3 − 15 9 27 −1
−3 18 − 27
3 − 18 27 0 → Second depressed equation
3𝑥 2 −18𝑥+27
c. Divide the second depressed equation by the third factor
𝑥−3
3 − 18 27 3
9 − 27
3 −9 0
3𝑥 − 9
3𝑥 9
= −
3 3
=𝑥−3
The last factor is 𝑥 − 3.
Thus, the factors of polynomial 3𝑥 4 −16𝑥 3 +14𝑥 2 + 24𝑥 − 9 are
(3𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 − 3)
The leading numerical coefficient was already satisfied by the first factor, we
just have to consider other factors with 1 as the leading coefficient.
Test for (𝑥 + 1):
q(-1)= 5(−1)4 + 8(−1)3 − 9(−1)2 − 8(−1) + 4
=5−8−9+8+4
= 17 − 17
=0
𝑞(−1) = 0, (𝑥 + 1) is a factor.
Alternative Solution:
Divide the given polynomial 5𝑥 4 +8𝑥 3 −9𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 2 by its first factor through
synthetic division.
Note that the first depressed equation can be simplified by its divisibility of 5.
5𝑥 3 + 10𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 10 = 5(𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 2)
𝑥 3 +2𝑥 2 −𝑥−2
b. Divide the first depressed equation by the first possible factor
𝑥+1
1 2 -1 -2 -1
-3 -1 2
1 -1 -2 0 → Second
depressed equation
The remainder is 0, then (𝑥 + 1) is a factor.
𝑥 2 −𝑥−2
c. Divide the second depressed equation by the third factor
𝑥−1
1 -1 -2 1
3 2
1 2 0
𝑥 − 1 is also a factor. The third depressed equation is 𝑥 + 2, which is also the
last factor. Thus, the factors of polynomial 5𝑥 4 +8𝑥 3 −9𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 2 are (5𝑥 − 2),(𝑥 + 1),
(𝑥 − 1),(𝑥 + 2).
e. 𝟓𝒂 − 𝟓𝒃 − 𝒙𝒂 + 𝒙𝒃
In factoring polynomials with four terms, one of the techniques that can be used
is to group the first two terms and the last two terms together.
5𝑎 − 5𝑏 − 𝑥𝑎 + 𝑥𝑏 =(5𝑎 − 5𝑏) + (−𝑥𝑎 + 𝑥𝑏)
=5(𝑎 − 𝑏) − 𝑥(𝑎 − 𝑏) Bring outside the quantity their
common Monomial
=(𝑎 − 𝑏)(5 − 𝑥)
g. 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟗 − 𝒚𝟐
The given polynomial has 2 variables, namely x and y. In this case, the term
with variable y can be separated from the group by grouping the first three terms.
2. 𝑝(𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 3
3. 𝑝(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 11
2. 𝑥 4 − 13𝑥 2 + 36
3.𝑥 4 − 10𝑥 2 + 9
ASSESSMENT
Directions: Answer the following questions correctly based on what you have learned
in this module. Write the letter of your answer before each number.
_____ 7. What is the value of the remainder to consider that a certain binomial is a
factor of polynomial?
A. 100 B. 10 C. 1 D. 0
_____9. Macky is about to apply synthetic division to get the depressed equation in
order to find other factors of a given polynomial. He will be dividing a 5th
degree polynomial by 𝑥 + 3 as one of the factors. What will be degree of the
depressed equation as a result?
A. 5th B. 4th C. 3rd D. 2nd
____ 13. Jane has already solved that the factors of polynomial 𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 − 30
are (𝑥 + 5), (𝑥 − 3), ______________. What was the last factor?
A. (𝑥 − 2) B. (𝑥 + 2) C. (𝑥 + 6) D. (𝑥 − 6)
____ 15. The following are the factors of polynomial 2𝑥 6 − 4𝑥 5 − 30𝑥 4 EXCEPT
A. 𝑥 − 15 B. 𝑥 − 5 C. 𝑥 + 3 D. 2𝑥 4
Enrichment Activities
Activity: Find others
Directions: Given one of the factors of each polynomial, determine the other factors.
Use the space provided below for your solution. You may use additional sheet of
paper if needed. (3 pts. for each factor)
1. 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 2; 𝑥 − 2
2. 𝑥 3 + 9𝑥 2 + 23𝑥 + 15; 𝑥 + 3
3. 3𝑥 4 − 16𝑥 2 + 21𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 12; 3𝑥 + 2
ANSWER KEY
Writer: Dennis P. Bacosa (Puerto Princesa City National Science High School)