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Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 11:
The Equation of a Circle

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Mathematics – Grade 10
Quarter 2 – Module 11: The Equation of a Circle

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Regional Director: GILBERT T. SADSAD

Assistant Regional Director: JESSIE L. AMIN

Development Team of the Module

Writer: RITA F. SALVADORA

Editors: SALVACION B. FELICES
JON JON R. MONTE
SHIELA L. GUEVARA
NOEL A. LOZANO
ALFIE T. GASCON
JINKY A. VILLAREAL
Reviewer: JINKY A. VILLAREAL
Illustrator: RYAN B.CERILLO
Layout Artist: ANTHONY C. VISTA

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 THE EQUATION OF A CIRCLE

Circle is a common shape that you can see anywhere. But what is the importance of
this in solving related real-life problems?

You want to know?

Start this module by relating and connecting previously learned
mathematical concepts to this new lesson, the equation of a circle. As you
go through this lesson, think of this important question: How does the equation
of a circle facilitate finding solutions to related real-life problems? To find the
answer, perform each activity. If you find any difficulty in answering the
exercises, seek the assistance of your teacher or peers or refer to the
modules you have gone over earlier.

The important skills that you will learn in this lesson are:

a. transforming standard form to the general equation of a circle and

vice-versa; and

b. determining the center and radius of the circle from these forms of
equations.

But before you

continue, take note
of these:

CIRCLE is the set of points in a plane equidistant from a given

point called the center of the circle.

The equation of a circle in CENTER-RADIUS FORM or STANDARD FORM:

• with radius r & center at the origin: x2 + y2 = r2
• with radius r & center at (h, k): (x - h)2 + (y - k) = r2

The GENERAL EQUATION OF A CIRCLE: x2 + y2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0,

where D, E, and F are real numbers.

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 Let’s check first
your prior
knowledge of the
lesson.

Direction: Read each item carefully then choose the letter of your answer
among the options. Write only the letter on your answer sheet.

1. What is the center of the circle x2 + y2 -4x + 10y + 13 = 0?

A. (2, 5) B. (-2, 5) C. (2, -5) D. (-2, -5)

2. Which of the following equations is the standard form of the circle in problem # 1?
A. (x - 2)2 + (y + 5)2 = 16 C. (x - 5)2 + (y - 2)2 = 42
2 2
B. (x - 2) + (y - 5) = 16 D. (x + 5)2 + (y + 2)2 = 42

3. What is the center and radius of the circle x2 + y2 = 9?

A. (0, 0); 3 B. (0, 3); 3 C. (3, 0); 3 D. (3, 3); 1

4. Transform (x - 2)2 + (y - 4)2 = 36 into the general equation of a circle.

A. x2 + y2 - 4x - 8y + 16 = 0 C. x2 + y2 - 4x - 16y + 16 = 0
2 2
B. x + y + 4x -16y - 16 = 0 D. x2 + y2 - 4x - 8y - 16 = 0

5. On a grid map of a province, the coordinates that correspond to the location of a

cellular phone tower is (-2, 8) and it can transmit signals up to a 12 km radius. What is the
equation that represents the transmission boundaries of the tower?

A. x2 + y2 - 4x +16y -76 = 0
B. x2 + y2 + 4x -16y -76 = 0
C. x2 + y2 - 4x - 16y + 76 = 0
D. x2 + y2 + 4x -16y+ 76 = 0

Hi! How did you find the test?

Don’t worry if you got a low score.
This just means that there are
more things that you can learn
from this module. So, take it easy.
Math is fun!

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 In the previous lesson, you were able to find out how circles are
illustrated in real life. You were also given the opportunity to find the
radius of a circle and determine if a point is on the circle or not. But
what equation do you think would relate the radius and the center of
the circle? What are the different forms of equation of a circle?
You will find these out in the succeeding activities. Before doing
these activities, read and understand first some important notes on the
equation of a circle and the examples presented.

THE STANDARD FORM OF THE EQUATION OF A CIRCLE

The standard equation of a circle with center at point (h,k) and a radius of r units and
known as "center-radius form" or "standard form" is (x - h)2 + (y - k) = r2.. The values of h
and k indicate that the circle is translated h units horizontally and k units vertically from the
origin.

Example 1. Give the equation of the circle shown in the figure in standard form.

Solution:

The center is at (2,-1) and the radius = 3. Using the standard form
(x - h)2 + (y - k) = r2.
(x - 2)2 + [y - (-1)] 2 = 32 by substitution
2 2
(x - 2) + (y + 1) = 9. simplify
Answer: The standard form of the equation of the circle is (x-2)2+(y + 1)2 = 9.

Example 2. What is the equation of a circle with center at (3, 7) and a radius
of 6 units?

Solution:

The center is (3, 7) and the radius = 6, using the standard form

(x - h)2 + (y - k) = r2.
(x - 3)2 + (y - 7)2 = 62 by substitution
(x - 3)2 + (y -7)2 = 36. simplify

Answer: The standard form of the equation of the circle is (x - 3)2 + (y - 7)2 = 36.

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Notice that the formula for the circle with the center at the origin is
just a special case of the formula for a circle at point (h, k).

When h = 0 and k = 0 (for the center at the origin), the formula

becomes
(x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = r2
(x - 0)2 + (y - 0)2 = r2
x2 + y2 = r 2
That’s why, if the center of the circle is at the origin, the
equation of a circle is
x2 + y2 =r2.

Example 1.

Solution:

The center is (0,0) and the radius = 3,

(x - h)2 + (y - k) = r2.
(x - 0)2 + (y - 0))2 = 32 by substitution
x 2 + y 2 = 9. simplify

Answer: The standard form of the equation of the circle is x 2 + y 2 = 9.

Example 2. What is the equation of a circle with center at the origin and a
radius of 4 units?

Solution:

The center is (0, 0) and the radius = 4,

x 2 + y2 = r2.
x 2 + y 2 = 42 by substitution
x 2 + y2 = 16. simplify

Answer: The standard form of the equation of the circle is x2 + y 2 = 16.

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 Center Radius Standard Form

1. (-5, 3) 12

2. origin 5

Were you able to write the equation of the circle given its radius and its
center? Good job!
In the next activity, you will find the center and radius of a circle from the
standard form. Enjoy learning!

FINDING THE CENTER AND THE RADIUS OF A CIRCLE

GIVEN THE EQUATION IN STANDARD FORM

The center and the radius of a circle can be found given the equation to its standard
form (x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = r2 if the center of the circle is (h,k) or x2 + y2 = r2 if the center of the
circle is the origin.

Example 1. Find the center and radius of the circle having the equation:
x2 + y2 = 64

Solution:

The equation of the circle x2 + y2 = 64 has its center at the origin. Hence,
it can be transformed to the form x2 + y2 = r 2 .

x2 + y2 = 64
x2 + y2 = 82

Answer: The center of the circle is (0,0) and its radius is 8 units.

Example 2. Determine the center and the radius of the circle having the
equation: (x - 2)2 + (y - 4)2 = 25

Solution:

The equation of the circle (x - 2)2 + (y - 4)2 = 25 can be written in the form
(x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = r2
(x - 2)2 + (y - 4)2 = 25 (- h = - 2 or h = 2) ; (- k = - 4 or k = 4)
(x - 2)2 + (y - 4)2 = 52

Answer: The center of the circle is (2, 4) and its radius is 5 units.

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 Standard form Center Radius

1. (x + 4)2 + (y + 9)2 = 25
2.
x2 + y2 = 36

How was the activity? Were you able to determine the center and radius of
the circle from the standard form?
In the next activity, you will transform the equation of a circle from standard
to general form. Please take note of the process.

THE GENERAL EQUATION OF A CIRCLE

The general equation of a circle is x2 + y2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0 , where D, E, and F are

real numbers. This equation is obtained by expanding the standard equation of a circle, (x -
h)2 + (y - k) = r2..

(x - h)2 + (y - k) = r2.
(x – 2hx + h2 + (y2 - 2ky + k2) = r2.
2

x2 – 2hx + h2 + y2 - 2ky + k2 = r2.

x2 + y2 – 2hx - 2ky + h2 + k2 = r2.
x + y2 – 2hx - 2ky + h2 + k2 - r2. = 0
2

If D = -2h, E = -2k, and F = h2 + k2 – r2, the equation

x2 + y2 – 2hx - 2ky + h2 + k2 - r2. = 0 becomes
x2 + y2 + Dx + Ey + F. = 0

Example 1. Write the general equation of a circle with center (0, 5) and a radius
of
6 units. Then determine the values of D, E, and F.

Solution:

The center of the circle is at (h, k) where h = 0 and k = 5. Substitute these

values in the standard form of the equation of a circle together with the length of
the radius r which is equal to 6 units.

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 (x - h)2 + (y - k) = r2. by substitution
(x - 0)2 + (y - 5)2 = 62. simplify
(x)2 + (y2 -10y + 25) = 36
x2 + y2 - 10y + 25 = 36
x2 + y2 - 10y + 25 – 36 = 0
x2 + y2 - 10y - 9 = 0

Answer: x2 + y2 - 10y - 9 = 0 is the general equation of the circle with center C (0,
5) and radius of 6 units. In the equation, D = 0, E = -10, and F = -9.

Example 2. Write the general equation of a circle with center (4, -1) and a radius
of 7 units. Then determine the values of D, E, and F.

Solution:

The center of the circle is at (h, k) where h = 4 and k = -1. Substitute these values
in the standard form of the equation of a circle together with the length of the
radius r which is equal to 7 units.

(x - h)2 + (y - k) = r2. By substitution

2 2 2.
(x - 4) + [y - (-1)] = 7 simplify
(x - 4)2 + (y + 1)2 = 72.
(x2 – 8x + 16) + (y2 + 2y + 1) = 49
x2 + y2 - 8x + 2y + 17 = 49
x2 + y2 - 8x + 2y + 17 – 49 = 0
x2 + y2 - 8x + 2y - 32 = 0

Answer: x2 + y2 - 8x + 2y - 32 = 0 is the general equation of the circle with

center C (4, -1) and radius of 7 units. In the equation, D = -8, E = 2, and F = -32.

Standard Form General Equation D E F

1. (x + 2)2 + (y + 3)2 = 25

2. (x + 2)2 + y 2 = 64

Were you able to write the equations in their general form? Did the
Mathematics concepts and principles that you previously learned help you in
transforming the equations?
In the next activity, you will do the reverse. This time you will transform the
equation of a circle from general to standard form, then determine the radius and
center of the circle. Go, go, go!
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 FINDING THE CENTER AND THE RADIUS OF A CIRCLE GIVEN
THE GENERAL EQUATION

Circle equations are often given in the general form of x2 + y2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0.

When you are given this general form of equation and told to find the center and radius of a
circle, you will have to "complete the square" to convert the equation to center radius form.

Example 1. What is the center and the radius of the circle x2 + y2 – 6x – 10y +
18 = 0?

Solution:

The equation of the circle is written in

x2 + y2 – 6x – 10y + 18 = 0
general form
To determine its center and radius, write
the equation in the standard form
(x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = r2
Arrange the terms and move the
x2 + y2 – 6x – 10y = -18
constant term on the right
Re-arrange by grouping together the x
x2 – 6x + y2 – 10y = -18
and y coefficients
Next, you ‘ll need space inside your
groupings. Take the x-term coefficient, (x2 – 6x ) + (y2 – 10y ) = -18
1 2
multiply it by one-half, square it, and (−6) = −3; −3 = 9
2
then add this to both sides of the 1
(−10) = −5; −52 = 25
2
equation, as shown. Do the same with (x2 – 6x + 9) + (y2 – 10y + 25) = -18 + 9 + 25
the y-term coefficient. Convert the left (x2 – 6x + 9) + (y2 – 10y + 25) = 16
side to squared form, and simplify the (x – 3)2 + (y – 5)2 = 42
right side.
Find now the center and the radius of The center is at (h, k) = (x, y) = (3, 5).
the circle written in standard form. The radius is r = 4

Example 2. Find the center and radius of the circle having the following equation:
4x2 + 4y2 + 12x – 4y - 90 = 0.

Solution:

The equation of the circle is written in

4x2 + 4y2 + 12x – 4y - 90 = 0.
general form
To determine its center and radius, write the
equation in the standard form
(x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = r2
Arrange the terms and move the constant
4x2 + 4y2 + 12x – 4y = 90
term on the right side

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Re-arrange by grouping together the x and y
4x2 +12x + 4y2 – 4y = 90
coefficients
Divide both sides of the equation by 4 4𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 4𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 90
=
4 4
The resulting equation 90
x2 + 3x + y2 – y = 4
Next, you ‘ll need space inside your (x2 + 3x ) + (y2 – y )=
90
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groupings. Take the x-term coefficient, 9
1 3 3
multiply it by one-half, square it, and then 2
(3) =
2
; ( 2 )2=
4
add this to both sides of the equation, as 1 −1 −1 1
shown. Do the same with the y-term 2
(−1) =
2
; ( 2 )2 =
4
coefficient. Convert the left side to squared 9 1 90 9 1
form, and simplify the right side. (x2+ 3x + ) + (y – y + ) =
2 + +
4 4 4 4 4
9 1 100
(x + 3x + ) + (y – y + ) =
2 2
4 4 4
9 1
(x + 3x + ) + (y – y + ) = 25
2 2
4 4
32 1 2
(x + ) + (y – ) = 52
2 2
Find now the center and the radius of the 3 1
The center is at (h, k) = (x, y) = (- 2, 2).
circle written in standard form.
The radius is r = 5

General Equation Standard Form Center Radius

1. x2 + y2 – 6x - 4y + 12 = 0

2. 4x2 + 4y2 – 20x + 12y - 2 = 0

Congratulations, you have

finished the first part of this
module! Now, it’s time to
answer the next tasks to
enhance your understanding
about equation of a circle.
Are you ready?

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 A. What defines me?

Direction: Write the equation of each of the following circles given the center and the radius.
Show your solutions completely.
Center Radius
1. Origin 12 units
2. (2, 6) 9 units
3. (-7, 2) 15 units
4. (-4, -5) 5 √2 units
5. (10, -8) 3 √3 units

B. Find and Turn Me into a General!

Direction: Find the center and radius of each of the following equations and transform each
into its equivalent general form. Show your solutions completely.
1. x2 + (y - 5)2 = 36
2. (x - 7)2 + y2 = 64
3. x2 + (y + 2)2 = 49
4 (x - 5)2 + (y - 5)2 = 27
5. (x + 4)2 + (y + 4)2 = 32

C. Bring Me Back!

Direction: Transform the equation to standard form, then give the coordinates of the center
and the radius. Show your solutions completely.
1. x2 + y2 – 2x - 8y - 47 = 0
2. x2 + y2 + 4x - 4y - 28 = 0
3. x2 + y2 + 10x + 4y - 3 = 0
4 x2 + y2 + 8y - 84 = 0
5. 9x2 + 9y2 – 12x - 6y - 31 = 0

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 Great job!
You got it right!
Now, please proceed to
the succeeding activity.

Direction: Read each item carefully then choose the letter of your
answer among the options. Write only the letter on your answer sheet.

1. What is the center of the circle x2 + y2 - 4x + 6y - 36 = 0?

A. (9, -3) B. (3, -2) C. (2, -3) D. (2, -10)

2. Which of the following equations is the standard form of the circle referred to in problem
1)?
A. (x - 2)2 + (y + 3)2 = 49 C. (x - 3)2 + (y + 2)2 = 49
B. (x + 2)2 + (y - 3)2 = 49 D. (x + 2)2 + (y + 3)2 = 49

3. Transform (x + 2)2 + y2 = 100 into the general equation of a circle.

A. x2 + y2 = 10 C. x2 + y2 – 4y - 96 = 0
B. x + y + 4x – 96 = 0
2 2
D. x2 + y2 - 4y + 96 = 0

4. What is the center and radius of the circle in problem # 3?

A. (0, 3) ; 10 C. (2, 0) ; 10
B. (0, -2) ; 10 D. (-2, 0) ; 10

5. A radio signal can transmit messages up to a distance of 5 km.

If the radio signal’s origin is located at a point whose coordinates
are (-2, 7). What is the equation of the circle that defines the r = 5 km
boundary up to which the messages can be transmitted?

A. (x - 2)2 + (y + 7)2 = 25 C. (x +2)2 + (y - 7)2 = 25

B. (x + 2)2 + (y - 7)2 = 5 D. (x - 2)2 + (y + 7)2 = 5

This time create a concept

map based from what you
have learned in this module.
Happy answering.

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 (Concept map sample)

ANSWER KEY

1. C 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. B

Center Radius Standard form

1. (-5, 3) 12 (x + 5)2 + (y - 3)2 = 144

2. origin 5 . x2 + y2 = 25

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 Standard form Center Radius

1. (x + 4)2 + (y + 9)2 = 25 (-4, -9) 5

2. x2 + y2 = 36 (0, 0) 6

Standard Form General Equation D E F

1. (x + 2)2 + (y + 3)2 = 25 x2 + y2 + 4x + 6y - 12 = 0 4 6 -12

2. (x + 2)2 + y 2 = 64 x2 + y2 + 4x – 60 = 0 4 0 -60

A. What defines me?

1. x2 + y2 = 144
2. (x - 2)2 + (y - 6)2 = 81
3. (x +7)2 + (y - 2)2 = 225
4. (x +4)2 + (y + 5)2 = 50
5. (x - 10)2 + (y + 8)2 = 27

B. Find and turn me into general!

1. (0, 5) 6 x2 + y2 -10y – 11 = 0
2. (7, 0) 8 x2 + y2 -14x – 15= 0
3. (0, -2) 7 x2 + y2 + 4y – 45 = 0
4 (5, 5) √77 x2 + y2 -10x - 10y +23 = 0

5. (-4, -4) 8 x2 + y2 + 8x +8y = 0

C. Bring Me Back!

1. (x - 1)2 + (y -4)2 = 64 (1, 4) 8

2. (x + 2)2 + (y -2)2 = 36 (-2, 2) 6
3. (x +5)2 + (y + 2)2 = 32 (-5, -2) 4 √2
4 x2 + (y + 4)2 = 100 (0, -4) 10
5. 2 1 2 1 2
(x, - 3)2 + (y, - 3)2 = 4 ( 3, 3)

1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. C

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 RUBRIC FOR THE CONCEPT MAP

Score Descriptors
Presentation is exceptionally clear, thorough, fully supported with
5 concepts, principles, examples, and easy to follow.
Presentation is generally clear and reflective of students’ personalized
4 ideas and some accounts are supported by mathematical principles,
concepts, and examples.
Presentation is reflective of something learned; lacks clarity and
3 accounts have limited support.
Presentation is unclear and impossible to follow, is superficial, and
2 more descriptive than analytical.
1 No presentation.

References

Mathematics Learner’s Module for Grade 10 (DepEd)

Website Links

https://mathbitsnotebook.com/Geometry/Equations/EQCircles.html
https://www.purplemath.com/modules/sqrcircle.htm
https://www.google.com/search?q=student+clipart&oq=student&aqs=chrome.

Thank you learners!

Keep safe and healthy.

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