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Reported Speech Rules: (Assertive Statements)

The document outlines the rules for changing direct speech to indirect speech in English. It discusses changing verbs, pronouns, adverbs of time and demonstratives based on whether the original statement was assertive, interrogative, or exclamatory. For assertive statements, verbs shift to past tense and pronouns may change. Questions are introduced with connectives like "if" and question words are maintained. Exclamations use reporting verbs to indicate emotion and "what" or "how" can shift to "very" or "great".

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Veda Giri
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276 views6 pages

Reported Speech Rules: (Assertive Statements)

The document outlines the rules for changing direct speech to indirect speech in English. It discusses changing verbs, pronouns, adverbs of time and demonstratives based on whether the original statement was assertive, interrogative, or exclamatory. For assertive statements, verbs shift to past tense and pronouns may change. Questions are introduced with connectives like "if" and question words are maintained. Exclamations use reporting verbs to indicate emotion and "what" or "how" can shift to "very" or "great".

Uploaded by

Veda Giri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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REPORTED SPEECH RULES: [ASSERTIVE STATEMENTS]

DIRECT SPEECH: Direct speech are the original words of a person or narrator. The 
words are enclosed in quotation marks.[“____”] 
INDIRECT SPEECH: Indirect speech is used to communicate what someone else said 
but without using the exact words. [ ‘that’ is used as a connective] 

S.NO. DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

1. Simple Present Tense Simple Past Tense


Eg. Rajesh said,”I am in the room.” Eg. Rajesh said that he was in the room.

2. Present Continuous Tense Past Continuous Tense


Eg. She said,”I am playing.” Eg. She said that she was playing.

3. Present Perfect Tense Past Perfect Tense


Eg. I said, “I have taken my dinner.” Eg. I said that i had taken my dinner.

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense Past Perfect Continuous Tense


Eg. He said,”Malini has been waiting Eg. He said that Malini had been waiting
for a long time.” for a long time.

5. Simple Past Tense Past Perfect Tense


Eg. Mohit said,” Rakesh wrote a Eg. Mohit said that Rakesh had written
letter.” a letter.

6. Past Continuous Tense Past Perfect Continuous Tense


Eg. Rama said,”She was solving the Eg. Rama said that she had been
sum.” solving the sum.
7. Past Perfect Tense Past Perfect Tense
Eg. He said, “Ram had finished his Eg. He said that Ram had finished his
work.” work.

8. Simple Future Tense “will” “would”


Eg. I say,”He will tell the truth.” Eg. I said that he would tell the truth.

9. Future Continuous Tense “will be” “would be”

Eg. Shreya told him,”I will be Eg. Shreya told him that she would be
waiting for you.” waiting for him.

10. Future Perfect Tense “will have” “would have”


Eg. He said,”I will have finished the Eg. He said that he would have finished
work.” the work.

11. Can could


Eg. He said, “I can sing a song.” Eg. He said that he could sing a song.

12. may might


Eg. She said, “I may go to Paris.” Eg. She said that she might go to Paris.

13. must Had to


Eg. He said, “I must study this” Eg. He said that he had to study that.

14. would would


Eg. She said,” Priya would help Eg. She said that Priya would help her.
her.”

15. could could


Eg. He said,” He could buy a Eg. he said that he could buy a camera.
camera”
16. might might
Eg. She said, “I might eat a Eg. She said that she might eat a
cake” cake.

17.. should should


They said, “We should help the They said that we should help the
poor.” poor.

18. ought to ought to


Eg. He said,” I ought to start a Eg. He said that he ought to start a
business.” business.

19. today that day / the same day


Eg. She said,”I saw him today.” Eg. She said that she had seen him that
day/the same day.

20. yesterday the day before / the previous day


Eg. He said,“ I went to the zoo Eg. He said,”He went to the zoo the
yesterday.” previous day.

22. tomorrow the next day / the following day


Eg. He said,”He shall go to Bhopal Eg. He said that he would go to Bhopal
tomorrow.” the next day.

23. next week / month / year the following week / month / year
Eg.” I have an appointment next Eg. She said that she had an
week”, she said. appointment the following week.
24 last week / month / year the previous week / month / year
Eg. He said,”I was on holiday last Eg. He said that he had been on holiday
week” the previous week.

25. now / just Then


Eg. Dinesh said,”I cannot waste my Eg. Dinesh said that he could not waste
time now.” time then.

26. ago Before


Eg. The visitor said,”I came here Eg. The visitor said that he came there
three days ago.” three days before.

27. here there


Eg. My father said, “he will Eg.My father said that he would
construct a house here.” construct a house there.

28. this That


Eg. She said,”I am getting a new car Eg. She said that she was getting a new
this week.” car that week.

29. Do not Did not


Eg. He said,”I do not like it.” Eg. He said that he did not like it.
REPORTED SPEECH RULES FOR INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES:

Direct Speech Indirect Speech

1. Questions starting with auxiliary Connectives like “if” or “whether” is

verbs like...Am,Is, Are, Was, Were, used

Will,Shall etc….

2. Questions starting with question Starts with the same question word

words like…...What, Who, Whom,

When, Where, Why, How etc

3. Reported verb “said” changes to Asked, queried, questioned, demanded

of, enquired of

4. do not / does not did not

5. Did not Past Perfect Tense


REPORTED SPEECH RULES FOR EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES:

1. Exclamatory sentences express a sudden outburst of emotions like


joy, sorrow, contempt, regret, surprise, pain etc.

2. Hurrah! Ha! [express joy]


3. ⇒⇒⇒Alas! Oh! [ sorrow , regret, loss]
4. Bravo! [applause]
5. What! Oh! How! [surprise]
6. Pooh! Pshaw! [contempt]
7. Ahh! Ouch! {pain]

8. In indirect speech, the exclamatory phrase or word is replaced by…


exclaimed with joy….
exclaimed with sorrow…
Exclaimed with regret….
Exclaimed with surprise….
Exclaimed with contempt….

9. Words ‘what” and “how” ------------- ‘very” or “great”


“very” comes before adjective
“great” comes before noun

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