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8.3 WLAN Operation

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274 views9 pages

8.3 WLAN Operation

Uploaded by

Thoriq Thoriq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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8.

3 WLAN Operation

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 29
WLAN Operation
Video – WLAN Operation
This video will cover the following:
• Infrastructure Mode
• Ad hoc Mode
• Tethering
• Basic Service Set (BSS)
• Extended Service Set (ESS)
• 802.11 Frame Structure
• Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA)
• Wireless Client AP Association
• Passive and Active Delivery Mode

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 30
WLAN Operation
802.11 Wireless Topology Modes

Ad hoc mode - Used to connect clients


in peer-to-peer manner without an AP.

Infrastructure mode - Used to connect


clients to the network using an AP.

Tethering - Variation of the ad hoc


topology is when a smart phone or
tablet with cellular data access is
enabled to create a personal hotspot.

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 31
WLAN Operation
BSS and ESS

Infrastructure mode defines two


topology blocks:
Basic Service Set (BSS)
• Uses single AP to interconnect all
associated wireless clients.
• Clients in different BSSs cannot
communicate.
Extended Service Set (ESS)
• A union of two or more BSSs
interconnected by a wired distribution
system.
• Clients in each BSS can communication
through the ESS.

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 32
WLAN Operation
802.11 Frame Structure

The 802.11 frame format is similar to the Ethernet frame format, except that
it contains more fields.

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 33
WLAN Operation
CSMA/CA
WLANs are half-duplex and a client cannot “hear” while it is sending, making it
impossible to detect a collision.
WLANs use carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) to
determine how and when to send data. A wireless client does the following:
1. Listens to the channel to see if it is idle, i.e. no other traffic currently on the
channel.
2. Sends a ready to send (RTS) message the AP to request dedicated access to
the network.
3. Receives a clear to send (CTS) message from the AP granting access to send.
4. Waits a random amount of time before restarting the process if no CTS message
received.
5. Transmits the data.
6. Acknowledges all transmissions. If a wireless client does not receive an
acknowledgment, it assumes a collision occurred and restarts the process
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 34
WLAN Operation
Wireless Client and AP Association

For wireless devices to


communicate over a network, they
must first associate with an AP or
wireless router.
Wireless devices complete the
following three stage process:
• Discover a wireless AP
• Authenticate with the AP
• Associate with the AP

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 35
WLAN Operation
Wireless Client and AP Association (Cont.)

To achieve successful association, a wireless client and an AP must agree


on specific parameters:
• SSID – The client needs to know the name of the network to connect.
• Password – This is required for the client to authenticate to the AP.
• Network mode – The 802.11 standard in use.
• Security mode – The security parameter settings, i.e. WEP, WPA, or WPA2.
• Channel settings – The frequency bands in use.

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 36
WLAN Operation
Passive and Active Discover Mode
Wireless clients connect to the AP using a
passive or active scanning (probing)
process.
• Passive mode – AP openly
advertises its service by periodically Passive
sending broadcast beacon frames mode
containing the SSID, supported
standards, and security settings.
• Active mode – Wireless clients must
know the name of the SSID. The
wireless client initiates the process by
broadcasting a probe request frame
Active
on multiple channels. mode

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 37

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