Angielica N.

Rabago

III- BSTM

1. What are the different models of planning?

Answer:

There are many various models of planning. First model is the Basic Planning Model, it is the
simpliest form of model compared to other models. The process of this model is they gather first all data
and information needed for the plan. After that, analyzation of the data collected take place. Finally they
will make a plan that are based to the first two steps.

The second model is the Systematic Planning Process, this planning process is actually a cycle. The
process of this model starts in making decision for the adoptation of planning. Then formulation of goals
and objective will takes place. After that they will study possible courses of action, followed by an
evaluation of the courses of action, taking into account the values of the organization, and cost-benefit
analysis. The fifth step is to decide on the action to be taken, which may, for example, take the form of
public investment or control through private investment. The sixth and last step is to review or monitor
the results of the action in relation to the goals or objectives.

The third model is the Rational Planning Model, this model is one of the most popular planning
approaches , this model is also known as synoptic planning and comprehensive planning. This process
was also a cycle. It start with the identification of the problem then identification of the goal and
objectives of the plan, then collection of background data take place, after that they will identify
guidelines for assessing alternative plan scenarios, thenthey will identify alternative plan scenarios,
including policies and guidelines, to achieve the goal. After Identifying different plan scenarious they will
assess alternative plan scenarios using the pre-defined assessment guidelines then they will select the
preferred alternative, then they will eventually implement the plan. After the implementation process
they need to monitor, evaluate, and revise the implementation and they will identify new problems and
begin the process again.

The fourth model is the TRREC "VICE" Planning Model, this model emphasizes the interests of
Visitors, Industry, Communities, and the Environment. It also emphasizes the central role of consultation
in the planning process. The planning process of this model start with the situation analysis wherein
they will provide an analysis of natural and cultural resources, tourism infrastructure, transportation,
accommodation capacities, tourism administration and governance, trends in tourism arrivals and
receipts, and identifies strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT). After that, they will
establish goals, visiom and strategies direction. Then they will create an Action plans/Timeline wherein it
will provides a detailed listing of specific activities over a five-year period. Then they will estimate the
cost or the amount of money that will be neede to carry out the plan strategies. Lastly, the
Implementation mechanism/Destination management framework takes place.
 The fifth model is the UNWTO Tourism Planning Model. The process of this model start with the
study preparation wherein it involves formulation of the project TOR, selecting the technical team to
carry out the study, appointing a steering committee, and organizing the study activities. Then it will
have a background research and documentation. After that, they will be formulating objectives based on
the information derived from the stakeholder inputs during the workshop and site visits. Then they will
decide on the appropriate strategies to achieve the objectives again based on the analysis of the local
situation. Finally, they will write the plan and presentation to the stakeholder groups.

The sixth model is the Ecotourism Planning Model, this model requires that structures and
associated activities are trully integrated and in harmony with the ecosystem and its environmental
features and constraints.

2. What are the major elements (sections) of a tourism master development plan?

Answer:

A tourism master development plan may contain the following elements (or sections):

1. Gender and development

2. Product development
3. Infrastructure development plan
4. Site plan (facilities)
5. Marketing plan
6. Human resource development plan
7. Investment plan

3. How does ecotourism planning differ from the mainstream (regular) tourism planning?

Answer:

Ecotourism planning is differ from the regular tourism planning because ecoutourism has a feature of
prelimimary site evaluation on the other hand, this evaluation is not commonly found in regular tourism
plans.

4. What are the components of a tourism development plan digest? What do you think is the purpose
of a digest?

Answer:

The components of tourism development plan digest are the following:

1. Background of the plan and the outline of presentation.

2. "Present Condition and identification of Development Issues in tabular format showing the following
information:

 Location (region, province) and location map

 Land use area compositiom
 Population
 Employment
 Major Industries
 Accessibility
 Top five tourist attractions
 Estimated number of overnight visitors during the previous year
 Seasonality: peak, lean, or off-season months
 Accommodation establishments' supply data (number of rooms, number of establishments,
employment data)
 Accommodation establishments' demand data (number of guests check in, guestnights, length
of stay, average occupancy rate)
 Number of visitor arrivals at the port of entry broken down into residents/ visitors, foreign
visitors/domestic visitors according to overnight or same-day visitors
 Visitor profile according to origin and characteristics and market segments. Origin may be
domestic from what region, foreign from what country, age, sex, etc. Market segments may be
by group, activity, or purpose.
 Tourism service industry (number of tour operators, travel agents, tour guides, handicraft shops,
etc)

 Conservation of attractions (policies)

3. Tourist attraction maps for beaches, festivals, structures, wildlife, etc. (with photos and descriptions)

4. Formulation of development frame and strategies showing:

 Direction, policy, and strategies related to tourism according to policy levels - national
 (DOT, NEDA), regional (DOT, NEDAJ, local (PPFP, CLUP)
 Population
 Employment
 Development direction (descriptions of vision, mission, goals, image)

5. Target settings (Years XXXX-XXXX)

 Number of overnight visitors and growth rate

 Number of accommodation establishments and growth rate
 Average occupancy rate and growth rate
 Average length of stay and growth rate
  Direct employment and growth rate

6. Target markets and market segments (select and describe each)

7. Tourist sites by municipality or city (names and descriptions) This section can contain diagrams,
charts, photos, and maps with accompanying descriptions.

8. Ongoing and proposed projects and programs by name, profle, location, period year) to complete
project, development body in charge (national, province, LGU, private, NGO, etc), cost, and target
beneficiaries. This should be accompanied by maps, diagrams, schemes, and descriptions.

9. Action plans, such as capacity building, advocacy for community tourism awareness, privatepublic
partnership promotion.

Note: The purpose of this this document was to summarizes the tourism development plans of cities
and municipalities and it will serves as a communication tool among stakeholders, decision makers, and
potential investors.