Tourism Policy and Planning Development

Planning Models

• The national tourism models

1. Rational Planning Models • One of the most popular planning approaches •

“synoptic planning” comprehensive planning • Used in urban planning
2. 4. TRREC “VICE” PLANNING MODEL • Tourism Recreation Research and
Education Center (TRREC) • Emphasizes on the interests of visitors, industry,
communities and environment
3. 6. TARGET SETTING METHOD • Indicates future target for tourist arrivals.
• Targets can be set based on local or national figures, indicated by current
tourism development plan.
4. 7. 8. ECO TOURISM PLAN • Data from the site assessment will become
their input for ecotourism plan.
5. 9. Visitor Site Planning consider the ff: • Capacity – limits based on site •
Slope – steep slopes to be avoided • Vegetation • Wildlife – preserves and
conserves • Views • Natural hazards • Water • Visitor circulation
6. 10. Tools & Data Requirements 1. Situation analysis (SWOT Analysis)
Socio-economic situation Land use Infrastructures Tourist attractions (tourist
appeal, accessibility, products, facilities, transportation Visitors
7. 11. TOURISM DEVELOPMENT PLANNING DIGEST • Document
summarizes the tourism development plans. • The digest (document) is
distributed to all planning participants prior to discussion and consultation
8. 12. Tourism Digest contains the ff. information • Back ground of the plan •
Present condition • Tourist attraction maps/pictures • Strategies • Target
settings (years xxxx-xxxx) • Target markets/market segment • Ongoing
proposed project

• The UNWTO and Ecotourism Planning Model

UNWTO TOURSIM PLANNING MODEL • UN World Tourism Organization • The

principal sponsor determines the objectives. The planner will only undertake the
situation. Identify the strategies
9. ECOTOURISM PLANNING MODEL • DENR Administrative Order No.
201319, sets the guidelines in eco tourism planning. Based on the ff. steps:
1.Preliminary Assessment 2.Full site assessment

Tourism Planning Process

1. Study preparation – usually a statutory body to develop a tourism plan

initiate to undertake
2. Determination of development goals – main objective not just part of
the objective
3. Surveys - inventory of all existing tourism resources are surveyed
together with the state of development with the elements. Collection of
data on the supply & demand for tourism, structure of local tourism
economy, investment & finance available for future development.
 4. Analysis & Synthesis – The data collected in the previous stage are
analyzed & incorporated as data when formulating a plan. Four
principal techniques are frequently used: asset evaluation, market
analysis, development planning, and impact analysis, especially economic
impact analysis, such as input-output analysis, multiplier analysis,
tourism forecasting
5. Policy & Plan formulation – the data gathered in the previous stage are
used to establish the various options or development scenarios available
for tourism. This frequently involves drafting of a development plan
with tourism policy options with certain goals identified. 3 main elements
evident in most tourism policies, visitor satisfaction, environmental
protection, ensuring adequate rewards exist for developers & investors.
6. Recommendations –The full tourism plan will be prepared & forwarded
to the planning committee of the agency responsible for the process . A
period of public consultation is normally undertake and a draft plan is
available for public consultation so both the general public & tourism
interest can read and comment on it. A number of public hearings may
also be provided to gauge the strength of local feeling towards the plan.
Once this procedure is complete, the plan will be aprroved planning
authoirty and the final plan is then produced
7. Implementation – The plan is put into action. This is normally seen as
an ongoing process by the planning team. In some instances, legislation
may be required to control certain aspects of development which will
need to be implemented as part of the plan. Action plans
8. Monitoring – An ongoing process where the planning agency assess if the
objectives of the plans are being met. The operational time frame for a
tourism plan normally five years after which time it is reviewed.
Periodic review is needed is to make sure no failures will occur or at least
be minimize. Reasons of the plan not to be achieve during the progress
may relate to change in political complexion amongst elected members of
the planning committee, change in the private or public sectors degree of
consensus, problems with tourist facilities and service supply, residents
change of attitude

Tourism planning is a complex process taking into account the various

aspects as well as the segments of the tourism. Proper planning of the
physical, legal, promotional, financial, economic, market, management,
social and environmental aspects can help tourism develop in a beneficial
way. We must remember here that tourism, today, is an economic activity
and at many destinations the only source of livelihood of the people.
Everyone has a stake in it – be it the government, service providers or
the host population. Then why not acquaint all with good planning which
defines the desired results and works in a systematic manner to achieve
success. Let us understand what are the steps involved in the planning
process that will work in a logical sequence:

a) DEFINE THE SYSTEM: What is the scale, size, market, character and
purpose?
b) FORMULATE OBJECTIVES: Without a set of objectives the development
concept has no direction. The objectives must be comprehensive and
specific and should include a timetable for completion.
c) DATA GATHERING: Fact finding, or research, provides basic data that
are essential to developing the plan. Examples of data gathering are
preparing a fac t book, making market surveys, undertaking site and
infrastructure surveys and analysing existing facilities and
competition. d) ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION: Once collected, the many
fragments of information must be interpreted so that the facts gathered
will have meaning. From this step results a set of conclusions and
recommendations that leads to making or conceptualising a preliminary
plan.
d) PRELIMINARY PLANNING: Based on the previous steps, alternatives are
considered and alternative physical solutions are drawn up and tested.
Frequently, scale models are developed to illustrate the land use plans;
sketches are prepared to show the image the development will project;
financial plans are drafted from the market information, site surveys and
layout plan to show the investment needed in each phase of the project,
the cash flow expected, the legal requirements, etc.
e) APPROVING THE PLAN: The parties involved can now look at plans,
drawings, scale models, estimates of costs, estimates of profits and know
what will be involved and what the chances for success or failure would
be. While a great deal of money may have been spent upto this point, the
sum is a relatively small amount compared to the expenditures that will
be required once the plan is approved and its implementation begins.
f) FINAL PLAN: This phase typically includes a definition of the various
aspects covered. For example, in the case of a destination a definition
of land use; plans for infrastructure facilities such as roads; airports;
bike paths; horse trails; pedestrian walkways; sewage; water and
utilities; architectural standards; landscape plans, zoning and other
land use regulations; economic analysis, market analysis and financial
programming are to be covered.
h) IMPLEMENTATION: Implementation is operationalising the tourism plan.
It also follows up, monitors and evaluates. Good planning provides
mechanisms that give continuing feedback on the tourism project and the
levels of consumer satisfaction reached.

Tourism Planning Approach

1. Continuous, incremental, & flexible approach – continuous process with
adjustments made as needed based on monitoring & feedback but within
the basic objectives & policies of tourism development
2. Systems approach – viewed as interrelated system & should be planned
such, utilizing system analysis techniques
3. Comprehensive approach – related to system approach, all aspects of
tourism development including its institutional elements & environment
& socioeconomic implications are analyzed & planned comprehensively
 4. Environmental & sustainable approach – tourism is planned, developed,
& managed in such a manner that its natural & cultural resources are not
depleted. Carrying capacity analysis is an important technique.
5. Community approach – There is maximum involvement of the local
community in the planning & decision-making in tourism development
6. Implementable approach – policy, plan, & recommendations are
formulated to be realistic & implementable

Assignment • Watch the Hinilugang Taktak in this link

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RYOPBLad18I- Make a written report of the
most popular water falls in the Philippines in the 60’s and 70’s. - Does this tourist
destination culturally sensitive for the Antipolenos? - Does the city able to sustain the
place ecologically?

Does the falls has the potential to get a foreign markets? Why? - If you are a part of
the tourism planner of this place. How would you develop and sustain the natural
beauty of the place?