St.

Mary’s Educational Institute

Ilustre Avenue, Lemery, Batangas

MODULE IN SCIENCE 6 (Third Quarter)

Module no. 1
Date: January 5 to 7, 2021
Title
Diversity of Plants
Interactions in an Ecosystem
Overview
Plants are one of the most important living organisms. They are crucial for
environmental survival as they produce oxygen. In this module, you will learn how plants
reproduce and what makes them reproduce. This module also tackles about the different type
of plants and how each type different from each other. In addition, this module also shows the
importance of ecosystem in living things and how to conserve tropical rainforest, mangrove
swamps and coral reef that plays a big role in the life of living things.

Objectives
At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
• describe how plant reproduce;
• explain the interactions among living things and nonliving things in tropical
rainforests, coral reefs and mangrove swamps; and
• give the importance of determining the interactions in a particular type of
ecosystem.

Content

ONLINE LEARNING 1

You have learned how flowering plants reproduce in your previous science classes.
In a flowering plant, the flower is the reproductive part of the plant. The male part of the
flower is called the stamen. The stamen is made up of the anther and the filament. See the
parts of the flower in the figure below.

PAASCU Accredited Bureau of Immigration Accredited

 St. Mary’s Educational Institute
Ilustre Avenue, Lemery, Batangas

Meanwhile, the female part of the flower is the pistil. The pistil is made up of the
stigma, the style, and the ovary. Some plants have the stamen and the pistil in one flower,
and some have these parts in separate flowers. See the parts of the flower in the figure
below.

POLLINATION

When insects feed on the nectar of the flower, the pollen in the anther may come in
contact with the stigma. This starts the process called pollination. It is the transfer of pollen
to a stigma, ovule, flower, or plant to allow fertilization. Aside from insects, the forces of the
wind and water can also help make pollination happen. To know more about pollination,
click the link below to access the video.

Reference: Bodhaguru. (2014, February 10). Science - What is pollination and what
happens after it – English. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bMRCCRe328c

PAASCU Accredited Bureau of Immigration Accredited

 St. Mary’s Educational Institute
Ilustre Avenue, Lemery, Batangas

There are two types of pollination. Self-pollination happens when the pollen of a
flower goes to the same flower. It is called cross pollination when the pollen of a flower
goes to the stigma of another flower.
After pollination, the content of the pollen joins the ovary in a process called
fertilization. After fertilization, the flower becomes the fruit. Inside the fruit is the seed. The
seed is the embryo of the plant. The seed can grow to a new plant.

NONFLOWERING PLANTS

Not all plants bear flowers. these plants are called nonflowering plants. One group
of nonflowering plants is the gymnosperm. Instead of flowers, gymnosperms bear cones
that contain seeds for reproduction. For more information and example, use the link below
to watch the video.

Reference: Earth Pen. (2020, August 6). NON-FLOWERING PLANTS (Animation).

Retrieve from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YD7tyuB4N6Q

PAASCU Accredited Bureau of Immigration Accredited

 St. Mary’s Educational Institute
Ilustre Avenue, Lemery, Batangas

A pine tree is a gymnosperm. A pine tree bears a male cone and a female cone.
The male cone is smaller than the female cone. The male cone produces microspores,
which are spore that develop into pollen-containing sperm cells. Meanwhile, the female
cone produces megaspores, which are spores that gives rise to egg cells. When pollen
grains are blown by the wind, they may fall into the female cones. Fertilization will take
place.
Some gymnosperms produce only spores. A common example of this plant is a
fern. Ferns produce spores to reproduce. Spores are produced in the sporangium, which
is an area at the back of the fern’s leaflet or pinna. A sporangium ensures the start of the
life cycle of ferns.

The spore of the fern undergoes a gametophyte stage, wherein the sperm and the
egg are produced. Sperm cells swim toward the egg, resulting in fertilization. The fertilization
egg develops into sporophyte, which is the stage of the fern life cycle you are most familiar
with.

PAASCU Accredited Bureau of Immigration Accredited

 St. Mary’s Educational Institute
Ilustre Avenue, Lemery, Batangas

INDEPENDENT LEARNING 1

For your task, draw 5 examples of flowers

that you usually see. Do this on your sketchpad.

ONLINE LEARNING 2

INTERACTIONS IN AN ECOSYSTEM

TROPICAL
RAINFORESTS
A tropical rainforest is a type of forest located near the equator where it is mostly
warm or tropical, hence the name. tropical rainforests receive huge amounts of rain. The
abundance of moisture is favorable for plant growth, which includes many species of tall
trees. For more facts about tropical rainforest, use the link below to access the video.

PAASCU Accredited Bureau of Immigration Accredited

 St. Mary’s Educational Institute
Ilustre Avenue, Lemery, Batangas

Reference: MooMooMath and Science. (2018, December 10). Tropical rainforest

facts. Retrieve from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gPlh2xmccbo

Trees in rainforest produce around 40% of the oxygen on earth. As you have learned
before, oxygen is a gas that humans and animals need. If you are inside a forest, you will
surely feel the clean and refreshing air.
The roots of the trees in rainforest also hold the soil in place. This prevents soil
erosion. As you have previously learned, soil erosion happens when soil particles move
from one place to another.

MANGROVE FOREST
AND SWAMPS
Mangroves are tropical woody trees that live along coastal areas where seas and
rivers meet. These trees can be found where most plants cannon grow. Mangroves have
specialized roots called pneumatophores. Pneumatophores are aerial roots that grow out
of the water for gaseous exchange.

Mangroves are the first line of defense for coastal communities. They stabilize
shorelines by slowing erosion and provide natural barriers protecting coastal communities
from increased storm surge, flooding, and hurricanes. In addition to consuming fish and
shellfish from the mangroves, communities have historically used mangrove wood and
other extracts for both building and medicinal purposes.

PAASCU Accredited Bureau of Immigration Accredited

 St. Mary’s Educational Institute
Ilustre Avenue, Lemery, Batangas

How can mangrove forest help maintain the population of fishes? Ecologically,
mangrove forest are important nurseries for fish hatchings, including coral reef fishes.
Fishes lay eggs in mangrove swamps. Egg hatch, and the resulting juveniles stay and feed
in the swamps. Aside from fishes’ mangrove forest are also home to various shrimps, crabs,
and mollusks, without mangrove swamps, there will be no new generation of aquatic life.

CORAL REEFS

Corals are reef-building cnidarians. When they die, their remains become part of the
hard portions of coral reefs. Corals live warm, shallow waters. This means that coral reefs
are formed in areas near coastal areas.

Corals reef are very important to the environment. They have the largest diversity of
ocean species even if they only cover a small amount of the ocean floor. It is the home to
around 25% of the ocean species on earth.

Nowadays, you can explore coral reefs through snorkeling. Snorkeling is swimming
through bodies of water using a snorkel, which allows you to obtain air, and a pair of goggles.

PAASCU Accredited Bureau of Immigration Accredited

 St. Mary’s Educational Institute
Ilustre Avenue, Lemery, Batangas

INDEPENDENT LEARNING 2

For your task, answer assessment #. 1 of

this module. Write your answer on the spaces
provided.

Assessment and Evaluation

Assessment Task #1
Directions: Give the importance and the way to protect and conserve of the following:

IMPORTANCE HOW TO CONSERVE

Tropical Rainforest

Mangrove

Coral Reef

References

Ayuste, Thaddeus Owen D. et. al. (2018). Science in Action (pp. 120-124). Makati City,
Philippines: Diwa Learning System Inc.

Bodhaguru. (2014, February 10). Science - What is pollination and what happens after it –
English. Retrieve from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bMRCCRe328c

Earth Pen. (2020, August 6). NON-FLOWERING PLANTS (Animation). Retrieve from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YD7tyuB4N6Q

MooMooMath and Science. (2018, December 10). Tropical rainforest facts. Retrieve from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gPlh2xmccbo

PAASCU Accredited Bureau of Immigration Accredited

 St. Mary’s Educational Institute
Ilustre Avenue, Lemery, Batangas

Prepared by: Checked by:

Mrs. MAAN R. GALLOS Mr. MHARVIN S. DALANGIN

Subject Teacher Subject Coordinator

Noted by: Approved by:

Mrs. DIVINA G. AGONCILLO Dr. RANDY M. BAJA, FRIEdr

Assistant Principal Principal

PAASCU Accredited Bureau of Immigration Accredited