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831 views23 pagesJis B0621
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/ 23
VIS B*0b2) 84 MM 4933608 0008472 b im
; UDC 744,44: 621.753-1
JAPANESE INDUSTRIAL STANDARD
Definitions and Designations of
Geometrical Deviations
JIS B 062] -™
Translated and Published
by
Japanese Standards Association
Printed In Japan 128 “UTS BxOb2) 84 MH 4933608 0008473 8 mm
‘Translation without guarantee
In the event of any doubt arising, the original
standard in Japanese is to. be, evidence
right by the Japanese Industria Standards
re 00 135248 2008 JIS BxOb2) 64 MM 4933608 0008474 T
UDC 744.44:621.753-1
e JAPANESE INDUSTRIAL STANDARD gis
Definitions and Designations of B 0621-1984
Geometrical Deviations
1. Scope
This Japanese Industrial Standard specifies the definitions and designa-
tions of the formal deviations, orientational deviations, locational deviations,
and run-outs, hereinafter generically referred to as the "geometrical devia-
. tions", of the considered objects.
Remark; ‘The methods of designation and diagrammatical indication of
geometrical tolerances which are the permissible values of
geometrical deviations shall be based on JIS B 0021.
2. Definition
e@ The definitions of the main terms used in this standard shall be as
follows:
(2) feature A point, ne, axis, surface, or median surface as the
‘object of geometrical deviations.
(2) single feature A feature for which geometrical deviations are
determined without relation to datums,
(3) elated feature A feature for which geometrical deviations are
‘determined in relation to datums.
(4) datum — A theoretically exact geometrical reference established for
determining the orientational deviation, locational deviation, run-
outs, and the like of w feature, For example, where the geometrical
reference is a point, straight line, axial straight line (1), plane, or
median plane, it is referred to as a datum point, datum straight
line, datum axiel straight line, datum plane, or datum median plane,
e respectively.
Note (+) The axial straight line means an axis without any formal
deviation, that is, an axis which is a geometrically exact
straight line.
Remark: Details about datums shall be as specified in JIS B 0022,
Applicable Standard:
JIS B 0021-Indications of Geometrical Tolerances on Drawings
e JIS B 0022-Datums and Datum-systems for Geometrical Tolerances
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B 0621-1984
(5) straight line feature A feature which is specified to be a straight
ine from the functional point of view. For example, a cross-
sectional profile line which appears on the cross-section when a
plane feature is cut with a plane normal to it, an axis, a generator
of cylinder, a Knife edge, or the like.
(6) axis Among straight line features, the line connecting the centres
of cross-sectional profile lines (*) on the respective cross-sections of
a considered object specified to be a cylinder or rectangular parallel-
epiped.
Note () ‘The centre of a cross-sectional profile line means, in a con-
sidered object specified to be a cylinder, the centre of the
smallest circumscribed geometrically exact circle (in the case
of a shaft) or that of the largest inseribed geometrically exact
elzele (in the ease of a hole) of that cross-sectional profile
ine.
On the other hand, in a considered object specified as a
rectangular parallelepiped, it means the centre of the smallest
circumscribed geometrically exact rectangle (in the case of a
shaft) or that of the largest inscribed geometrically exact
rectangle (in the case of a hole) of that cross-sectional
profile ne.
(1) plane feature A feature specified to be a plane from the functional
point of view.
(8) median surface Among plane features, the surface containing the
‘median point of the straight line connecting two corresponding points
on two surfaces which are specified to be symmetric with respect to
the plane,
(9) circular feature A feature specified to be a circle from the func-
onal point of view. For example, a circle as a plane figure or a
circular cross-section of a revolutional surface.
(10) cylindrical feature A feature specified to be a cylindrical surface
‘from the functional point of view.
(11) profile of line The outline as an element of a surface specified to
fave a given given form from the functional point of view.
(12) profile of surface A surface specified to have a given form from
‘the functional point of view.
Kinds of Geometrical D
The kinds of geometrical deviations shall be as shown in the following
Table:
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B 0621-1984
Table. Kinds of Geometrical Deviations
Kind Applicable features
Straightness
Flatness
Single features
Cireularity
Form deviations | oyiinanicity
Profile of any line Single features or
Profile of any surface | "elated features
Parallelism
Orientational
deviations Perpendicularity
Angularity
Positional deviation
Related features
Locational Coaxiality and con-
deviations centricity
Symmetricity
Circular run-out
Run-outs
‘Total run-out
4, Definitions of Deviations
4.1 Straightness Straightness shall mean the size of deviation of a
straight Ine feature from the geometrically exact straight line, hereinafter
referred to as the "geometrical straight line".
4.2 Flatness Flatness shall mean the amount of deviation of a plane
feature from the geometrically exact plane, hereinafter referred to as the
"geometrical plane".
4.3 Circularity Circularity shall mean the amount of deviation of a
circular feature from the geometrically exact circle, hereinafter referred to
as the "geometrical circle".
4.4 Cylindricit; Cylindricity shall mean the amount of deviation of a
cylindrical feature from the geometrically exact cylinder, hereinafter
referred to as the "geometrical cylinder’.
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“MTS Bx062) 64 mm 4593008 0008477 S mm
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B 0621-1984
4.5 Profile of Any Line Profile of any line shall mean the amount of
deviation of @ line profile + profile from the geometrically exact profile, hereinafter
referred to as the "geometrical profile", determined by theoretically exact
dimensions,
This deviation may be related or not related to a datum.
4.6 Profile of Any Surface Profile of any surface shall mean the amount
of deviation of a sunlace profile from the geometrical profile specified by
theoretically exact dimensions.
This deviation may be related or not related to a datum
4.7 Paralielism Parallelism shell mean the amount of deviation of a
straight Tine feature or plane feature, which is supposed to be parallel to
the datum straight Hne or datum plane, from the geometrical straight line or
geometrical plane parallel to the datum straight line or datum plane.
4.8 Perpendicularity Perpendicularity shall mean the amount of devia-
tion of a straight Hine feature or plane feature, which is supposed to be
perpendicular to the datum straight line or datum plane, from the geometrical
straight line or geometrical plane perpendicular to the datum straight line or
datum plane.
4.9 Angularity Angularity shall mean the amount of deviation of a
streigh® Tine Teature or plane feature, which is supposed to have a theo
retically exact angle against the datum straight line or datum plane, from the
geometrical straight line or geometrical plane having the theoretically exact
angle against the datum straight line or datum plane.
4,10 Positional Deviation Positional deviation shall mean the amount of
deviation of @ point, straight line feature, or plane feature from the theo-
retically exact position specified in relation to a datum or other feature.
4.11 Coaxiality Coaxiality shall mean the amount of deviation of an
axis, which Is supposed to be on the same straight line as the datum axial
straight line, from the datum axial straight line.
Remark: In the case of a plane figure, the amount of deviation of the
position of the centre of another circular feature from the
centre of the datum circle is termed concentricity.
4.12 Symmetricity Symmetricity shall mean the amount of deviation of
features, which are supposed to be symmetrical to each other with respect
to the datum axial straight line or datum median plane, from the positions
of symmetry.
4.13 Circular Run-Out Circular run-out shall mean the amount of
displacement of The surface of the considered object at a specified position
or any position in the speeificd direction (°) when the considered obje
which is supposed to have a surface of revolution about the datum axial
straight line or which is supposed to be a circular plane perpendicular to
the datum axial straight line, is rotated about the datum axial straight line.
Japanese Industrial Standards
a7 2008 JIS B*Ob2) 84 MH 4933608 0008478 7
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B 0621-1984
Note (*) The specified direction shall mean either the direction of a
straight line intersecting the datum axial straight line and
normal to the datum axial straight line (radial direction), the
direction parallel to the datum axial straight line (axial
direction), or the direction of a straight line intersecting the
datum axial straight line and oblique to the datum axial
straight line (normal direction to the feature and specified
direction, but obliquely to the datum axis, respectively).
4.14 ‘Total Run-Out Total run-out shall mean the amount of displace
“ ment of the surface of the considered object in the specified direction ()
when the considered object, which is supposed to have a cylindrical surface
with respect to the datum axial straight line or which is supposed to be a
circular plane normal to the datum axial straight line, is rotated around the
datum axial straight line.
Note (") The specified direction shall mean a direction normal to the
datum axial straight line (radial direction) or the direction
e parallel to the datum axial straight line (axial direction).
Indication
5.1 Straightness Straightness shall be represented as "straightness
mm" or “straightness um" by the following methods according to the size
OF the region occupied by a straight line feature,
) B8tr mn Straightness in one direction shall
je represented by the distance (/) between the two planes in the
case where the distance between the two parallel planes becomes
minimum when the considered straight line feature (L) is held
between the two geometrically exact parallel planes, hereinafter
referred to as the "two geometrical parallel planes", normal to that
direction (Fig. 1).
Fig. 1
One direction
Remark: Where the said direction is, for example, a horizontal direc-
tion or vertical direction, the straightness shall be referred
to as "straightness in horizontal direction" or "straightness in
‘ vertical direction", respectively.
(2) Straightness in Two Directions Normal to Fach Other Straight-
fess in two ditcctlons normal. to Goch other Clor example, the
horizontal and vertical directions referred to in the Remark of 5.1
(1)} shall be represented by the distances (f, 4) between two
planes (that is, the lengths of two sides of the rectangular paral-
e Ielepiped defined by two sets of two parellel planes) in the case
‘opyright by the Japanese Industria Standards
Tue Dee 72008 JIS 8x02) 64 MH 493908 GO08479 9 me
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B 0621-1984
where the two distances between two parallel planes respectively
become minimum when the considered straight line feature (L) is
held between two sets of two geometrical parallel planes respec
tively normal to those two directions (Fig. 2).
Fig. 2
(3) Straightness without Specified Directions _Straightness in the case
here no directions are speditied (or skample, the straightness of
the axis of a cylinder) shall be represented by the diameter (/) of
the cylinder having the smallest diameter among the geometrical
cylinders containing the whole of the considered straight line
feature (L) (Fig. 3).
Fig. 3
(4) Straightness of Straight Line Feature as Element of Surface The
Suralghtness of @ sialght Tine Toate a6 on clement of a surface
(for example, a generator of a surface of revolution or the cross-
sectional profile line by a plane normal to the surface of a plane
feature) shall be represented by the distance (/) between the two
straight lines in the case where the distance between the two
parallel straight lines becomes minimum when the considered
straight line feature (L) is held between two geometrically exact
parallel straight lines, hereinafter referred to as the "two
geometrical parallel straight lines" (Fig. 4).
Fig. 4
5.2 Flatness Flatness shall be represented by the distance (/) between
the two planes in the case where the distance between the two parallel
planes becomes minimum when the considered plane feature (P) is held
between two geometrical parallel planes (Fig. 5), and be expressed as
“flatness __mm or "flatness um".
‘opyright by the Japanese Industria Standards
Tue Dee 301335248 2008 JIS BeOL2} 84
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B 0621-1984
5.3 Circularity Cireularity shall be represented by the difference (/)
betieei the Fill of the two circles in the ease where the distance belween
the two concentric circles becomes minimum when the considered circular
feature (C) is held between two concentric geometrical circles (Fig. 6), and
be expressed as "circularity mm" or "circularity __um",
Fig. 6
5.4 Cylindricity Cylindrieity shall be represented by the difference (/)
vetivcoi the TadI-of the two eylinders in the case where the distance
between the two coaxial cylinders becomes minimum when the considered
cylindrical feature (z) is held between two coaxial geometrical cylinders
(Fig.7), and be expressed as "eylindricity __mm" or "cylindricity __um".
Fig. 7
Reference: The geometrical deviation of a cylindrical feature can be
considered by dividing it into the deviation of the profile
line on a cross-section normal to the axis (circularity) and
the deviations of the profile line on 4 cross-section
containing the axis (the straightness and parallelism of the
generator).
5.5 Line Profile Deviation Line profile deviation shall be represented
by the distance (/) between the two enveloping lines (the diameter of the
circles) when the profile (K) of the line is held between two enveloping
lines of geometrical circles of the same diameter whose centres are situated
on the geometrical profile line (K,) determined based on the theoretically
exact dimensions (Fig. 8), and be expressed as "line profile deviation
mm" or "line profile deviation __um". In this case, depending on the
‘ease, the theoretically exact dimensions may be given in relation or without
relation to a datum line or datum surface,
‘opyright by the Japanese Industria Standards
sl 2008 JIS 8x02) 84 MM 4933L08 000848)
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B 0621-1984
5.6 Surface Profile Deviation Surface profile deviation shall be repre-
sented by the distance (/) between the two enveloping surfaces (the diam-
eter of spheres) when the profile (F) of that surface in held between two
enveloping surfaces of geometrically exact spheres, hereinafter referred to
as the "geometrical spheres", of the same diameter whose centres are
situated on the geometrical profile surface (F_) determined based on the
theoretically exact dimensions (Fig. 9), and be expressed as "surface
profile deviation __mm" or "surface profile deviation ym". In this case,
the theoretically exact dimensions may be given in rélation to or without
relation to a datum line or datum surface.
Fig. 9
5.7 Parallelism Parallelism shall be represented as shown below by the
size of the region occupied by the considered straight line feature or plane
feature in the direction normal to the datum straight line or datum plane,
and be expressed as "parallelism __mm" or "parellelism __um".
(1) Parallelism of Straight Line Feature to Datum Straight Line
(a) Parallelism in One Direction The parallelism of a straight line
Yeature In oné direction shall be represented by the distance (/)
between the two planes when the considered straight line feature
(L) ig held between two geometrical parallel planes normal to that
direction and parallel to the datum straight line (L) (Fig. 10).
Fig. 10
One direction
‘opyright by the Japanese Industria Standards
Tue Dee 301335248 2008 JIS,
(b)
(e)
BxOb2) 84 MM 4933608 0008482 9
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B 0621-1984
Parallelism in Two Directions Normal to Bach Other The paral-
Telism of a straight line feature in two directions normal to
each other shall be represented by the distances between two
planes (/, 4) (that is, the lengths of two sides of the rectan-
gular parallelepiped defined by the two sets of two parallel
planes) when the considered straight line feature (L) is held
between two sets of two geometrical parallel planes respectively
normal to those directions and parallel to the datum straight
Tine (iy) (Pig. 11).
Fig. 11
ee
ao
Parallelism without Specified Direction The parallelism of a
‘straight Tine feature where no direction is specified shall be
represented by the diameter (/) of the cylinder having the
smallest diameter among the geometrical cylinders parallel to the
datum straight line (Ly) and containing the whole of the consid-
ered straight line feature (L) (Fig. 12).
Fig. 12
ee
(2) Parallelism of Straight Line Feature or Plane Feature to Datum
Flane The paraliclsm of & str straight line feature or plane feature
‘Yo the datum plane shall be represented by the distance (f) be-
tween the two planes when that straight line feature (1) or plane
feature (P) is held between two geometrical parallel planes parallel
to the datum plane (P,) (Fig. 13, Mg. 14),
Fig. 18 Fig. 14
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sl 2008 “JTS BxOL2) 84 MM US39b08 OO084E3 O mm
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B 0621-1984
(3) Parallelism of Plane Feature to Datum Straight Line The parallel-
ism of @ plane feature to a datum straight line shall be represented
by the distance (f) between the two planes in the case where the
distance between the two parallel planes becomes minimum when
that plane feature (P) is held between two geometrical parallel
planes parallel to the datum straight line (L,) (Fig. 15).
Fig, 15
5.8 Perpendicularity Perpendicularity shall be represented as shown
below bythe size OF the region occupied by the straight line feature or
plane feature in the direction parallel to the datum straight line or datum
plane, and be expressed as "perpendicularity _mm" or "perpendicularity
um,
(1) Perpendicularity of Straight Line Feature or Plane Feature to
atum Straight Line The perpendicularity of a straight Tne
feature or plané feature to the datum straight line shall be repre-
sented by the distance (/) between the two planes when that
straight line feature (L) or plane feature (P) is held between two
geometrical parallel planes normal to the datum straight line (Ly)
(Fig. 18, Fig. 17).
Fig. 16 Fig. 17
be e
at Cy
it to
- =“
(2) Perpendicularity of Straight Line Feature to Datum Plane
(a) Perpendicularity in One Direction The perpendicularity of a
Staight line Torture in-one divestion shall’ be represented by the
distance (/) between the two planes when that straight line
feature (L) is held between two geometrical parallel planes
normal both to that direction and to the datum plane (P,)
(Fig. 18).
‘opyright by the Japanese Industria Standards
Tue Dee 30 13:5249 2008 a
JIS B*Ob2) a4 4933b08 0008484 2 |
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B 0621-1984
Fig. 18
One direction —
f
. < /
SS
(b) Perpendicularity in Two Directions Normal to Each Other The
perpendicularity of a straight Ine feature in two directions
normal to each other shall be represented by the distances
(is &) between the two parallel planes (that is, the lengths of
two sides of the rectangular parallelepiped defined by two sets
of two parallel planes) when that straight line feature (L) is
e held between two sets of two geometrical parallel planes respec-
tively normal to those two directions and also normal to the
datum plane (Pp) (Fig. 19).
Fig. 19
Two directions