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Pediatric Respiratory Disorders General Interventions

This document discusses nursing care for children with respiratory disorders. It outlines several diagnostic tests used to evaluate respiratory status including blood gas analysis, sputum analysis, and chest radiography. Physical assessment of respiratory symptoms is also described such as cough, retractions, and adventitious lung sounds. General respiratory interventions include expectorant therapy using liquefying agents, humidification, coughing and chest physiotherapy. Therapy to improve oxygenation includes oxygen administration, pharmacologic treatments, incentive spirometry and breathing techniques, tracheostomy, intubation and ventilation. Lung transplantation is mentioned as a treatment for chronic lung diseases like cystic fibrosis which requires lifelong immunosuppression.

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cayla mae carlos
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216 views2 pages

Pediatric Respiratory Disorders General Interventions

This document discusses nursing care for children with respiratory disorders. It outlines several diagnostic tests used to evaluate respiratory status including blood gas analysis, sputum analysis, and chest radiography. Physical assessment of respiratory symptoms is also described such as cough, retractions, and adventitious lung sounds. General respiratory interventions include expectorant therapy using liquefying agents, humidification, coughing and chest physiotherapy. Therapy to improve oxygenation includes oxygen administration, pharmacologic treatments, incentive spirometry and breathing techniques, tracheostomy, intubation and ventilation. Lung transplantation is mentioned as a treatment for chronic lung diseases like cystic fibrosis which requires lifelong immunosuppression.

Uploaded by

cayla mae carlos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NURSING CARE OF CHILDREN WITH

RESPIRATORY DISORDER

LABORATORY AND DIAGNOSTIC TESTS

Blood Gas Analysis


 An invasive method for determining the
effectiveness of ventilation and acid-base
status.
 Arterial blood gases (ABGs) measure the
amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in
the blood.
 pH 7.35-7.45 HAl LAc; PCO2 35-45 HAc
LAl; HCO3 22-26 HAl LAc (RAl
hyperventilation, RAc hypoventilation).

Sputum Analysis
 Evaluates the mucus-containing material
PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT
from cells lining the lungs or airway to
1. Cough
detect certain infections.
 Stimulated by dust, chemicals, mucus, or  Rarely feasible in young children, but for
inflammation; to clear airway but harmful if non- older children must cough and raise
productive, it increases pressure to heart and sputum.
brain.
2. Rate and depth of respirations Chest Radiography
 First indicator of airway obstruction; count RR  Shows areas of infiltration or consolidation
before waking child. in the lungs.
3. Retractions  Infiltrates are substances in lung tissues
 When intrapleural pressure decreases, the denser than air such puss or blood,
nonrigid ICS draw inward; common in young consolidation is when air in alveoli is
children as its weaker and less developed. replaced with fluid or solid.
4. Restlessness
 Decreased oxygen in body cells cause anxiousness Pulmonary Function Studies
5. Cyanosis  Measure forces of inertia, elasticity, and
 Blue tinge to skin indicates hypoxia; apparent flow resistance when breathing.
when PO2 under 40 mm Hg or unoxygenated Hgb  Child breathes into a spirometer, a device
increases 3 g/dL. that records the force of air exchange.
6. Clubbing of fingers  The process of ventilation, or the work of
 Chronic; change in angle between fingernail and breathing, involves these three main
nailbed due to increased capillary growth as forces.
body attempt to supply O2 to distal parts.
7. Adventitious sound GENERAL RESPIRATORY INTERVENTIONS
 Bronchial-vesicular; stridor-wheezes; ronchi 1. Expectorant Therapy
upper and rales lower.  Any irritation of the respiratory tract
8. Chest diameters causes production of large amount of
 Chronic disease, children unable to exhale mucus.
completely so air trapped in alveoli resulting to A. Liquefying Agents
elongated AP diameter called pigeon breast.  Loosen mucus such as guaifenesin,
saline nose drops or sprays.

B. Humidification
 Provide moisture to the airway
through vaporizers or nebulizers.
C. Coughing  Families experience psychosocial toll as
 Effective method to raise mucus they wait whether transplant will be
through changing position, rejected.
encouraging mild exercise, or doing  Children need chest physiotherapy or
deep breathing. spirometry to help mobilize secretions
from loss of nerve innervation or a
D. Chest Physiotherapy reaction to accumulating mucus in the
 Postural drainage, percussion, and transplanted lung.
vibration.

2. Therapy to Improve Oxygenation


 Relieves breathing distress.

A. Oxygen Administration
 Elevates arterial oxygen by supplying
O2 to RBCs through respiratory tract.

B. Pharmacologic Therapy
 Antihistamines, decongestants,
bronchodilators, antibiotics,
corticosteroids through metered-dose
inhalers.

C. Incentive Spirometry
 A Plastic tube with a rising ball device
so children inhale deeply to aerate
lungs or move mucus.

D. Breathing Techniques
 Blowing cotton using a piece of straw
as a game to help children inflate or
fully empty alveoli.

E. Tracheostomy
 An artificial airway into trachea to
relieve respiratory obstruction that
has occurred above that point.

F. Intubation with Ventilation


 Insertion of an airway tube to allow
air into trachea through a positive-
pressure machine.

3. Lung Transplantation
 From a live donor or cadaver, for chronic
respiratory illness such as cystic fibrosis.
 Children need immunosuppression
therapy with cyclosporine or
azathioprine after lung transplant to
decrease cell-mediated immunity.
 This immunosuppression is key to
successful transplant, but makes
children susceptible to infections.

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