Topic 3: Not so many people use a bicycle although it has many benefits. Why?

How to encourage people to use bicycles as a main transport?

SYNONYMS/ SUBSTITUTES
 People use a bicycle = bike-users = cyclists
 Benefits = advantages = merits = beneficial impacts
 Encourage (people to use bicycles) = be in favor of/ promote bike usage
 Main = major = principal = chief = dominant = topmost
 Means of transport = forms of transport = vehicles = methods of transport
OUTLINE
 Reasons:
- Bicycles’ inconvenience
- Low speed => time-consuming when moving a far distance
- No bicycle lane for bide-users
=> People find it risky to ride bicycles on the main streets because they have to share the
road with car commuters and motorcyclists.
 Solutions:
- Governments can make promotion of investments in constructing separated lanes for
bicycles.
=> Protect cyclists from transport-related danger.
- Raise the tariff on private vehicles and their components for manufacturing in the local
market
=> make the prices become high
=> beyond the reach of people with limited incomes
=> force them to resort to bicycles.
FULL WRITING
The unpopularity of using bicycles in numerous places has been brought into question
although there is little doubt about its beneficial effects on each individual as well as on
the environment. The reasons for this are varied and several feasible solutions would be
proposed in the essay below.
There would be several reasons that can explain the infrequent use of bicycles recently.
Firstly, cycling would consume a considerable and unnecessary amount of time when it
comes to moving from one location to another from a far distance due to bikes’ low speed
compared to this fast one of other motor vehicles. Secondly, since some governments do
not provide any bicycle lane for the bike-users, people find it risky to ride bicycles on the
main streets. Without the existence of the separate bicycle lanes, some cyclists suppose
that sharing the road with car commuters and motorcyclists can be obviously dangerous
and they may run a high risk of suffering from accidents.
According to those aforementioned explanations, it seems to be impractical to expect
cycling among people as a chief transport, but governments can undertake several
initiatives to address this issue. A feasible solution is that governments can make
promotion of investments in constructing separated lanes for bicycles in order to protect
bikers from transport-related danger. Moreover, governments are highly recommended to
raise the tariff on private vehicles and their components for manufacturing in the local
market. This would make those vehicles’ prices beyond the reach of several individuals
with limited incomes, thereby forcing them to resort to cheaper alternatives especially
bicycles.
In conclusion, goers’ preference for other vehicles rather than bicycles could stem from
the inconvenience of bikes and the lack of public cycle infrastructure. However, official
authorities should reverse this pattern by focusing on investments in terms of cycling or
increasing the import duty on individual transport.
WORD COUNT: 306 words
USEFUL CHUNKS/GLOSSARY/TOPIC-RELATED WORDS:
 Cycle lane/ bicycle lane: a separated lane on the main street for cyclists.
 Motor vehicle: vehicle which is powered by electricity or fossil fuels.
 Cyclist = bide-user
 Public cycle infrastructure: the network of roads and streets used by motorists
except where cyclists are excluded.
By Tong Phuc Hoang Kim 10E2

Topic 4: Cycling is more environmentally friendly than other forms of transport.

Why is it not popular in many places? And how to increase its popularity?
SYNONYMS/SUBSTITUTES
 Cycling = riding a bicycle = pedaling = bike riding
 be environmentally friendly = protect the environment = not damage the
environment = be friendly with the environment  = eco-friendly = pollution-free
 forms of transport = means of transport = methods of transport = vehicle
 not popular in many places = not preferred to be used to travel on a regular basis =
the uncommon use = the use is decreasing = becoming less common     
  popular = prevalent = widely chosen = widely used.
OUTLINE 
 Reasons:
- cycling is not as good as other means of transport.
 Riding a bicycle requires a lot of physical effort and time-consuming. While in
the modern world, people are prone to become increasingly busy with other
essential work and develop a sedentary lifestyle and are always in a hurry =>
vehicles which are powered by gas or electricity are preferable.
 not useful for cyclists in some cases => bad weather
 going up hills, no suitable roads
- people become less environmentally conscious and more concerned about their
own interests.
 Solutions
- city councils can provide more cycling lanes throughout towns and cities 
 Separated from other types of transport, bike-users are guarded against dangers. 
 Safer and more convenient to travel by bicycle.
 People can enjoy their healthy and pollution-free trips.
- to launch campaigns to raise citizens’ awareness of the harmful effects of
motorbikes and cars on the environment
 conduct monthly green days that by law require citizens to cycle to work to get
people involved in protecting their environment. 
 form the habit of cycling among occupied individuals => encourage people to
cycle more often.
FULL WRITING
Most people apprehend that cycling is a more eco-friendly vehicle than any other means
of transport such as motorbikes and cars; however, in actual fact, bicycles are becoming
less common at present. Therefore, the reasons for this issue are varied and several
feasible solutions would be proposed in the essay below.
There are two reasons why people do not choose to use bicycles as means of transport on
a regular basis. First and foremost, riding a bicycle is not inferior to other forms of
transport which are powered by gas or electricity in most aspects. In terms of
convenience, cycling requires a lot of physical effort and time-consuming while in the
modern world, people are prone to become increasingly busy with other essential work
and develop a sedentary lifestyle and are always in a hurry; therefore, motor vehicles are
preferable. Moreover, cyclists are likely to have some difficulties in pedaling in some
cases. To exemplify, either bad weather such as rainy and sunny days or the bad quality
of roads results in their tiredness and annoyance or the bad quality of roads.
In spite of the fact that bicycles tend to gradually be removed from regular utilization of
citizens, some measures would be implemented to encourage the usage of cycling by the
authorities. The primary way is that the city councils ought to provide more cycling lanes
throughout towns and cities which are separated from other types of transport.
Subsequently, bike-users are guarded against dangers; hence, they can enjoy their healthy
and pollution-free trips more often. Another solution is that some campaigns should be
launched to raise citizens’ awareness of the harmful effects of motorbikes and cars on the
environment. The government can conduct monthly green days that by law require
citizens to cycle to work to get people involved in protecting their environment. As a
result, the occupied individuals have a tendency to form the habit of cycling.
In conclusion, there are some reasons why bicycles are becoming less common in today’s
world, and solutions should be produced early to promote this environmentally friendly
means of transport.
WORD COUNT: 340 words
TOPIC RELATED WORDS
 cycle lanes: a type of road whose purpose is just for cyclist
 motor vehicle : vehicle which is powered by gas or electricity
 (to) launch campaigns to raise citizens’ awareness of the harmful effects of
motorbikes on the environment. 
 (to) eclipse the values of using bicycles to the environment
 monthly green days: the days which are monthly held to do the environment good.
 (to) promote the usage of bicycles
 be inferior to sb/sth: be not as good as
 usage = utilization: sự sử dụng, sự tận dụng
 raise/improve/heighten the social awareness of the environment
By Nguyen Phuong Lam 10E2

Topic 5: Many children find it difficult to concentrate or pay attention at school.

What are the reasons? What could be done?
SYNONYMS/SUBSTITUTES:
 Children = learners = students = youngsters = pupils
 Difficult = hard = demanding = having difficulties in
 Concentrate = focus = pay attention = give attention to
 Reasons = causes = root = sources = result from
 solutions = steps = measures = methods = ways = resolutions
OUTLINE
 Body 1: Causes:
+Distractions caused by technology: children spend most of time playing computer
games..>> mind is always in electronic gadgets >> fail to attend class with high
concentration
+ old technique of teaching>>less interesting>> attention gets distracted
 Body 2: Solutions:
+ make the lessons much more interesting>> attract learners’ attention
+ parents control their children’s use of technological device
+ educators organise extracurricular lessons beside classes
>>avoid lack of concentration
FULL WRITING:
In this day and age, it seemed that many students face disadvantages in focusing and
paying attention at school. There are a large number of reasons why it is difficult for
students to attend to lecture in class. From my perspective, several effective methods
should be exposed in order to solve this problem.
Primarily, the lack of students’ concentration can be due to a large number of factors. To
begin with, the distractions caused by technology is of utmost importance. It is obvious
that, in such media-rich society, children are now spending most of their time at home
playing video games and using social networking sites. Therefore, when they are at
school, they may develop discomfort in the classroom without playing technological
devices and fail to attend class with high concentration, becauce their mind is always in
electronic gadgets instead of academic subjects. Moreover, children are now bored with
the old technique of teaching. They may find study less interesting, as a result, their
attention gets distracted. These factors negatively affect children’s studies.
Potential ways to tackle this problem may include the followings. The first solution
would be to make the lessons much more interesting for students. For instance, visual
aids such as video clips should be added in order to attract learners’ attention. Therefore,
studying would become a hobby rather than an compulsory task, and students would have
greater motivation to learn. Secondly, parents should control their children’s use of
technological device such as smartphone and computers in order to avoid lack of
concentration at school. In addition, educators need to organise extracurricular lessons
beside classes for students to experience directly rather than just studying academic
lessons at school.
In conclusion, for all mentioned above, completely attending to study at school is
considered to be difficult for students for various reasons to some extent. However, there
are several effective solutions to tackle this problem.
WORD COUNT: 315 words
USEFUL CHUNKS/GLOSSARY/TOPIC-RELATED WORDS:
 Develop discomfort: develop a feeling of uncomfortable physically or mentally
 Electronic gadgets: appliances which work on technology or electronic
technology.
 Extracurricular: an extracurricular activity or subject is not part of the usual school
or college course.
By Nguyen Thi Lan 10E2

Topic 6: Many young people who leave school hold a negative attitude towards
learning. Why does this happen? What could be done?
SYNONYMS/SUBTITUTES:
 young people = youngsters = teenagers = juveniles = adolescents
 negative = adverse = gloomy = unfavorable = pessimistic
 attitude = approach = belief = opinion = point of view = view
OUTLINE
 Body 1: Causes:
- The school curriculum is usually too demanding: Attending lectures, complete a large
number of assignments and group project >> Against learning.
- Learning a lot of unnecessary subjects >> High school education might be considered a
waste of time.
 Body 2: Measures:
- Make the lessons more interesting: Use videos, clips,...>> Attract learners' attention.
- Cut down on unnecessary subjects: Just provide knowledge that learners need >>
students will see the real benefits of education.
FULL WRITING:
In recent years, there are many students who hold a pessimistic attitude towards learning
after leaving school. This issue is caused by some reasons and I think it should be tackled
by some effective solutions.
Primarily, there are several reasons why youngsters who leave school dislike learning.
The first one is that the school curriculum is usually too demanding. The students'
learning program is always very heavy, therefore they might be exhausted and stressed
because of a large number of assignments and group projects. As a result, they are against
learning. Secondly, learning too many unnecessary subjects at school can make students
feel bored and do not want to study. These subjects often do not provide any advantages
for their future and students cannot apply these knowledge into earning money in their
further life. As a result, this leads to the feeling of wasting time in high school.
Luckily, some steps can be taken immediately to address these problems. Firstly,
educators should make the lessons more interesting by providing visual aids such as
videos, clips, slides, and the like. This method can successfully attract learners' attention
and school boys and girls would have more motivation to learn. Secondly, unnecessary
lessons should be cut down to reduce the pressure on students to study. Teenagers would
really see the benefits of education if they are only provided knowledge that they can
apply in their future career. Therefore, they will study more seriously.
In conclusion, adolescents tend to have negative belief towards learning after leaving
school because of some understandable reasons, and solutions should be produced soon
to tackle this issue.
WORD COUNT: 268 words
USEFUL CHUNKS/GLOSSARY/TOPIC-RELATED WORDS:
- apply sth to sth: put sth to some special use
- visual aids: items of illustrative matter, such as film, slide or model, designed to
supplement written or spoken information so that it can be understood more easily
- cut down on sth: reduce the amount of sth or of doing sth
- attract sb's attention: make sb notice sb or sth
By Luu Thi Hong Lien 10E2

Topic 7: Children are facing more pressures nowadays from academic, social and
commercial perspectives. What are the causes? And what will be effects on
society?
SYNONYMS/SUBSTITUTES:
 pressure = compel = press = constrain = burden = tension
 children = youngsters = the young = young generation
 causes = reasons = roots
 effect = result = consequence = outcome = influence
 perspectives = viewpoint = outlook = terms
OUTLINE:
 Causes:
     + The mounting competitiveness of the job market accompanied by parental over-
expectation>> parents expect too much from their children
     +Social media with inappropriate information may harm the young’s innocent
childhood
 Effects:
     +Youngsters become overstressed>> take revenge on society >>commit crimes >>
affect the safety of citizen
     + The next generation: >>may become victims of the wrongdoers 
                                           >>easily affected by the elders’ behavior
>> become next committers
FULL WRITING:
With the endlessly rising demands in life, family, school and society often expect too
much from the child. While it is important to outshine in schools, social activities and
other aspects of life, those children should be shielded from pressures by struggling to
balance their lives. Reasons for this phenomenon and solutions needed to be adopted to
tackle the issues.
It is a matter of fact that children are coerced into pressures and responsibilities stems
from several reasons. The primary cause is the mounting competitiveness of the job
market accompanied by parental over-expectation. The organisation’s demand  for a
qualified workforce boombard mind of parents that children have to be successful at
schools, especially the ones who are born with talents or in famous families, and results
in the trend of youngsters today taking studying as an obligation. In addition, the
appearance of social media at such a young age may dispossess the junior a carefree and
innocent childhood as they are likely to be dragged into a chaotic influx of inappropriate
information.
As a result of being under enormous pressure, children may have to suffer from a number
of detrimental psychological and physical consequences. And when they are overloaded,
they are likely to take revenge on society-the root of their whole issues. As someone is
overstressed, they might commit some social crimes such as taking drugs, racing, and the
like. Therefore, the young will have more and more wrongdoings, which can seriously
affect the safety of citizens.Moreover, the upnext generations may also be the victim of
these disadvantageous behaviors or become the next committers as they are easily
affected by elders actions and imitate them.
To conclude, children today are being pushed beyond their limits to achieve academic,
social and professional success, and this has unfathomable negative consequences.
Parents and teachers should find the hidden talent of a child, not try to make them
something they are not meant to be.
WORD COUNT: 324 words
USEFUL CHUNKS/GLOSSARY/TOPIC-RELATED WORDS:
 Viable: capable of working successfully; feasible.
 Coerce: persuade: (an unwilling person) to do something by using force or threats
 Escalate: increase rapidly.
 Competitiveness: The quality of being as good as or better than others of a
comparable nature
 Deprive: deny (a person or place) the possession or use of something.
 Drastic: Likely to have a strong or far-reaching effect; radical and extreme
 Penetrate: succeed in forcing a way into or through (a thing)
 Inaccessible: unable to be reached
 Restriction: a limiting condition or measure, especially a legal one.
By Do Thao Linh 10E2

Topic 8: It is observed that in many countries not enough students are choosing
to study science subject. What are the causes? And what will be effects on
society?

SYNONYMS/SUBSTITUTES
 A shortage of=a lack of
 Old-fashioned = behind the times
 Study science subjects = major in science
 Students = learners 
 Capacity = ability
 Insufficient = inadequate 
 Serious conditions = illnesses = life-threatening conditions = disaster health
OUTLINE
 Body 1: Reasons:
- the traditional male preserve
                + not dismiss old-fashioned ideas that girls should not study science
=> an insufficient number of students feating in science
=> university of science should abolish selection procedures based on
gender
           - lack of job opportunities for graduates in science majors
                + increase in unemployment rate
              => more likely to choose other fields to study such as business,
management...because of the capacity to find a job and job prospects 
 Body 2: Effects 
- shortage of workers in scientific fields, especially trained professionals to find
solutions to some problems such as natural sources, climate change, global
warming
- lack of qualified researchers to search for cures for serious illnesses

FULL WRITING
Nowadays, it is true that there is a shortage of students opting for science subjects as their
major. While some reasons can be identified, this trend also causes unfavourable impacts
on society.  
There are several reasons why science courses don’t appeal much to many young
learners. Firstly, many schools and colleges are behind the times that they still keep the
traditional male preserve. In fact, they have been so slow to dismiss old-fashioned ideas
that girls should not study science. This results in an insufficient number of students
featuring in science as it is apparently following these sexist attitudes. Hence, it is
time for university science faculties to abolish selection procedures based on gender.
Secondly, lack of job opportunities for graduates in science majors has also played an
important role. To clarify, there has been an increase in the unemployment rate in many
countries in people who major in science. As a result, students are more likely to choose
other fields to study such as business or management because of its capacity to find a job.
There will be serious effects on society if more students do not choose to study science
subjects. One result will be a shortage of workers in scientific fields, especially trained
professionals to find solutions to urgent problems, such as climate change and global
warming. They also contribute to the researches of alternative energy sources and
sustainable development of society. Another result is that a lack of qualified researchers
to search for a cure for serious conditions, for instance, the increase in infectious illnesses
like Covid-19, as more people live.
In conclusion, some causes of this problem can be identified, and the serious effects on
society must not be underestimated.
WORD COUNT: 284 words
USEFUL CHUNKS/GLOSSARY/TOPIC-RELATED WORDS
 Behind the times: refer to a person who is old-fashioned and has not a certain
modern customs, beliefs, or behaviors
  Dismiss old-fashioned ideas: to decide that old-fashioned ideas are not important
and not worth considering anymore
 Sexist attitudes: beliefs that women should be treated unfairly because of their
gender
 A traditional male preserve: to be exclusively reserved for men
 To opt for: to choose to take a particular course
 Selection procedures based on gender: the act of choosing someone according to
their gender
 Job prospects: the chances of being successful and having more opportunities at
work
 Capacity: an ability to do something
 Sustainable development: economic development that is achieved without
depleting natural resources
 Alternative energy sources: refer to any energy source that is an alternative to
fossil fuel
 An infectious illness: an illness that spread quickly from one person to another
By Nguyen Thi Linh 10E2

Topic 9: International travel can make people prejudiced rather than broad
minded. Why people fail to benefit when they travel? What we can do to
improve their understanding of the countries they visit?
SYNONYMS/SUBSTITUTES:
 international = global = universal = cosmopolitan
 travel = tour = excursion
 benefit = profit = advance
 improve = develop
 understanding = awareness = knowledge = insight
 country = nation
OUTLINE
 Body 1: Reasons
- The gap in cultures
+ What is consider a speciality in one nation may not hold any value for foreign visitors
>> It is a behavior of a barbarian if doing/eating these…
>> Culture shocks
- Stereotyping
+ Its source is media portrayal of certain nations, places and people
>> Negative opinions without really getting to know the local people
 Body 2: Solutions
- Tour guides should tell visitors about the local values to make them respect rather than
look down on it
- Local people should have awareness about this phenomenom and some policies about
the cost over cuisine, transport, and the like should be published.
FULL WRITING
Nowadays, it is undeniable that international tourism has brought a lot of benefits.
Unfortunately, sometimes, international travel may create tension rather than
understanding between people from different cultures. In my essay, I will discuss about
the reasons why this situation is caused and suggest some solutions.
Firstly, I will delve into the causes of this situation. The most important reason why some
are opposed to international tourism is the gap in cultures. What is considered a speciality
in one nation may not hold any value for outcomers. As an illustration, in Arab countries,
women are required to wear a burka or unrevealing clothes, and western women, not
realizing the importance of being fully clad, may develop an aversion as to why women
in these countries are treated the way they are. Or Indians generally do not eat beef
because cows are considered sacred animals in Hinduism so when they come to nations
where cows are common source of meat for food requirements they would have offensive
feelings toward local citizens. As a result, it may create a cultural shock to these people.
In addition, stereotyping is another significant cause of prejudice among tourists. The
source of stereotyping is media portrayal of certain countries, places and people which is
why tourists have preconceived negative opinions about these places and people when
they arrive.
Secondly, I will suggest some solutions to deal with this problem. First of all, tourists
have to make full use of the Internet to search for information about their destination of
interest. In addition, tour guides also play a vital role in telling foreigners about the local
values to make them respect rather than look down on it. Besides, some policies about the
stable cost over cuisine, transport and burgle prevention for the security should be
published to meet all the visitors’ demands.
In conclusion, I really affirm that international tourism does have a downside to it but
many steps shoulde be addressed to lessen the negative effects.
WORD COUNT: 318 words
USEFUL CHUNKS/GLOSSARY?TOPIC-RELATED WORDS:
 tension: a feeling of fear or anger between 2 groups of people who do not trust
each other
 delve into something: search in order to find a thing or information
 outcomer = foreigner = stranger
 unrevealing = not expose
 clad = dressed (people)/covered (things)
 aversion: a feeling of strong dislike or of not wishing to do sth
 portrayal: the way that sb/sth is described or represented in a painting, movie,
book or other artistic work
 downside = disadvantage
By Nguyen Bao Ngan 10E2

Topic 10: Many people believe that international tourism is a bad thing for their
country. What are the reasons? Solutions to change neagative attitudes?
SYNONYMS/SUBSTITUTES
 believe = admit = conclude
 international = global = universal = cosmopolitan
 tourism = travel
 bad thing = negative point = disadvantage = downside
 country = nation
 attitude = perspective = point of view
OUTLINE:
 1st para: Reasons
- More visitors = Increased pollution
+ Tourists throw garbage, not care for environment
+ A growing demand for transport -> Decrease the air quality at the tourist destination.
- Disease outbreak
-> Past cases of virus spread
Example: Ebola from Africa to other countries -> Death
 2nd para: Solutions
- Instruct tourists not to litter
- Health inspection at airports -> Quarantine infected tourists -> Make locals feel safer
FULL WRITING:
Nowadays, travelling to destinations all over the world welcomes a growing number of
foreign visitors every year. However, many people living in these places are finding this
development particularly unpleasant. In this essay, I will examine the reasons behind this
opinion and suggest some ways to change that view towards international tourism.
Firstly, there are some main reasons why local residents often argued foreign visitors as a
cause of serious problem in their country. The arrival of foreign visitors often goes along
with an increased level of pollution. Many tourists throw rubbish into the surroundings
irresponsibly, which contributes to air, water, and soil contamination. Also, there might
be a growing demand for transport that will lead to a decrease in the air quality at the
tourist destination. To illustrate, Sam Son beach in Vietnam became full of garbarge after
the foreign tourists leave each summer. In addition, international tourism increases the
chances of spreading infectious diseases into the local community. Viruses such as Ebola
and H5N1 can become a threat to the locals if an infected traveler visits their country. An
example of this is the recent SARS-COV-2 outbreak that infected travellers carried the
virus from China to a number of other countries, causing a significant number of
casualties.
Secondly, there are a range of solutions that can be taken to improve the situation. One
measure would be that the government should continue campaigns to raise the awareness
of tourists when they pay a visit to a new land. Travellers should be encouraged to put
waste into the right place or to use public transport if possible. Besides, governments
should continue to conduct thorough health inspection at international airports and
borders. This would certainly guarantee that infected visitors should be quarantined to
halt the spread of the disease.
In conclusion, the inhospitable feeling that the local people have for international tourists
can be explained in many ways. However, in my opinion, the government’s involvement
is essential to change the negative attitude by taking the above suggestions.
WORD COUNT: 312 words
USEFUL CHUNKS/GLOSSARY/TOPIC-RELATED WORDS:
 infectious: able to be passed from one person, animal, or plant to another
 casualty: death by an incident
 quarantine: keep a sick person in a separate place
 halt: stop sth; bring sth to a stop
By Nguyen Bao Ngan 10E2
Topic 11: In many countries, more and more people choose to buy imported
food rather than food produced locally.Why people buy imported food? What
could be done to encourage people to buy local food?
SYNONYMS/SUBSTITUTES
- Imported – exotic – foreign.
- Locally – nearby- provinvially- sectionally.
- Encourage- boost- inspire.
OUTLINE:
 Body 1: Reasons:
- People, especially youngsters want to try something new and different >> ignore
local and familiar food to buy others from other countries to enjoy new experience.
- It is believed that food produced in more developed countries have higher qualities
compared to local ones.
 Body 2: Measures:
- allows business to update the process of producing food with high quality for
customers.
- offer consumers sufficient information of their products: running advertisements; make
people know about their labels in the market.
- Invest more money in food industry
FULL WRITING 
Nowadays, there is a tendency of people decide to by exotic food instead of local food.
There are some factors leading to this, and method should be taken to promote people to
buy food of their home market.
Primarily, there are some reasonable causes for this trend. The first one is that people,
especially the young one want to try something new and different. To be more specific,
they often seek for products from other countries and ignore familiar food from local
areas. Therefore, they can enjoy more new experiences from overseas food.
Secondly, it is believe that all the food that produced in more developed countries such as
American or UK has higher qualities compared to local ones. For example, many people
often decide to choose imported food as a present to give the others instead of domestic
one. However, there is a large number of solutions for this problems. Firstly, it is
necessary to offer cusumers sufficient information of their products. Food companies in a
country can do this by running advertisement on the Internet or another official media. As
a result, more and more people will know about their labels in the market. Secondly, the
government should invest more money in food industry, so that business can update the
process of producing food with high quality for customers. If they can guarantee the
quality of the food, the buyer will know their brand more and thereby attract more
customers.
In conclusion, there are various reasons why people often choose exotic products.
Therefore, appopriate steps should be taken to deal with this matter.
WORD COUNT: 265 words
USEFUL CHUNKS/GLOSSARY/ TOPIC RELATED WORDS
 Seek for: tìm kiếm
 Run advertisements: chạy quảng cáo
 Invest in: đầu tư vào
 Guarantee: bảo đảm
By Luu Thi Hong Lien 10E2

Topic 12: There is a general increase in antisocial behaviors and lack of respect
for others. What are the causes and solutions?
SYNONYMS/SUBSTITUTES
 a general increase 
 antisocial behaviors: behaviors which are verbally or physically harmful to other
people, animals or property.
 lack of respect for
 impairment (n) the state of having a physical or mental condition that means that
part of your body or brain does not work correctly
 entice (v): persuade sb to do sth by offering them
 a dysfunctional family: family which has conflict, misbehavior,... continuously 
 family-related issues: issues which are related to the family
 lack of parental care and control = lack of parental guidance
 condone sth (v) accept behaviors which are morally wrong or treat it as if it were
not serious
 delinquency juvenile: crimes that are committed by teenagers
 prognostic (a): connected with the process of making a judgement about how
something is likely to develop in the future
 correlate (v): to show that there is a close connection between two or more facts,
figures, etc.
 try = endeavor to do sth
 OUTLINE
 Causes:
- Due to family-related issues: live in a dysfunctional family
+ Poor parental discipline and supervision. 
+ Family conflict between parents or between parents and children. 
+ Family history of problem behaviour. 
+ Parental involvement/attitudes condoning problem behaviour 
- Due to personal factors
+ watch movies including violence and toxic thoughts => imitate their actions 
 behaves impulsively, thoughtlessly jeopardizing the safety of self or others
 be always likely to resort to violence whenever meeting the problems.
+ be enticed by peers to engage in social issues.
 eg:  delinquency juvenile: shoplifting,  fighting, borrowing money without
intention to pay back,...
 Solutions:
- on the nuclear-family level, parents must not underestimate the significance of
their guidance for children.
 If they notice any signs of an anti-social or insolent manner in children =>  must
provide them with negative evaluations of these signs. 
 parents could educate their children about social manners by instilling a pro-
social sense in them. 
 albeit small, could have a strong influence on children when they mature.
- enact the laws to prevent people from having antisocial behaviors and behaving
disrespectfully towards others
 The public could be afraid of the punishments and try to self-improve their
behaviours.
FULL WRITING 
Over the past few years, there are a large number of individuals who have antisocial
behaviors and lack of respect to others. In this essay, I will break down the causes and
suggest solutions which could be adopted to solve the problem.
Reasons for this alarming situation vary. In some cases, people may hold an anti-social
attitude or disrespect others because they live in an environment where violence and
discrimination are the norms. Specifically, a dysfunctional family in which conflict,
misbehavior, and often child neglect or abuse on the part of individual parents occur
continuously and regularly, leading other members to accommodate such actions.
Additionally, parenting practices are highly correlated with antisocial behaviours in early
childhood and are prognostic of more serious forms of antisocial behaviours in
adolescence. Secondly, the influence of social media tends to make the situation become
worse. To clarify, most teenagers are fond of the movies which have extreme violence
and sexual content wrongfully influence them who often make a lot of efforts to imitate
the same. Moreover, easy access to these contents in smartphones through the internet is
also the cause.
A number of definite actions could be taken to mitigate the problem. On the nuclear-
family level, parents must not underestimate the significance of their guidance for
children by endeavoring to build a harmonious family. If they notice any signs of an anti-
social or insolent manner in children must provide them with negative evaluations of
these signs; subsequently, parents could educate their children about social manners by
instilling a pro-social sense in them. It seems to be albeit small, but could have a strong
influence on children when they mature. The second measure is that legal regulations
should be enacted by the national government so as to prevent people from having
antisocial behaviors and behaving disrespectfully towards others. Therefore, the public
could be afraid of the punishments and try to self-improve their behaviours.
In conclusion, antisocial and disrespectful behaviours are prevalent in many societies.
Some causes and solutions to this matter have been suggested above.
WORD COUNT: 338 words
USEFUL CHUNKS/GLOSSARY/ TOPIC RELATED WORDS
 antisocial behaviors: behaviors which are verbally or physically harmful to other
people, animals or property.
 a harmonious family >< a dysfunctional family
 parental supervision: a parenting technique that involves looking after, or
monitoring a child's activities.
 parental discipline: the process of parents who use reasonable punishments on
their child to control, train and educate the child.
 deviant peer/behaviour: a peer/behaviour who/which is different from what
people consider as normal and acceptable.
 (to) form bonds with sb: form the relationship with sb
                                                                            By: Nguyen Phuong Lam 10E2

Topic 13: In many parts of the world, children and teenagers are committing
more crimes. Why is this happening? How should they be punished?
SYNONYMS/SUBSTITUTES
 Insufficient = lack of = short of = destitute
  Upsurge = more and more = increase 
 Care = supervision = create a caring environment
 Preoccupied with = busy with 
 Low-income = poor
 Obtain = get 
 Minor crimes = forgivable crimes = small crimes
 Guilty = bad activities = committing crimes
 Children = youth = youngsters = teens = teenagers
 Adults = parents
OUTLINE
 Cause:
- destitution is widespread all over the world => guilty activities such as robber, swindle
implemented by teens
+ Low-income family background => commit crimes to obtain money
- the lack of care/supervision from parents 
+ Adults are preoccupied with work => less likely to create a caring environment
=> offspring receive insufficient education in terms of morality and social awareness
=> juveniles’ illegal behaviours
- social media
         + immature youngster be bombarded by negative information => imitate bad
activities 
 Punishments
- teenagers who commit minor crimes should be ordered to participate in community
service/psychological courses at school
+ their attitudes are changing better => the length of their sentence should be
reconsidered
- those carried out unforgivable offences ought to receive harsh punishments
+ experience custodial sentences like being put into penitentiary or prison.

FULL WRITING 
Nowadays, juvenile delinquency is among complicated issues that attract social concern.
There are several undoubted reasons why the rates of crimes by teenagers are increasing
and certain specific ways to control the numbers of crimes in society.
I believe that there would be three main causes of this trend. Firstly, that destitution is
widespread all over the world is a good chance for guilty activities such as robber or
swindle, which are implemented by teens. For example, youngsters who have low-
income family backgrounds are likely to be tempted to evils in order to obtain money.
Secondly, the lack of care, as well as supervision from parents, has also contributed to the
upsurge of young criminals. To be more clarified, adults in a large number of families are
invariably preoccupied with their work. They tend to be less likely to create a caring
environment for their kids. As a result, the youth’s offspring may probably suffer from
receiving insufficient education in terms of morality and social awareness for instance,
which so far has led juveniles to behave illegally. Thirdly, social media plays a large role
in this issue. Many immature youngsters nowadays are bombarded by negative sources of
information that they may imitate bad activities after being influenced by violence, drugs,
alcohol and the like. 
Fortunately, there are a huge number of severe punishment that could be applied to young
criminals. The first solution would be that teenagers who commit minor crimes should be
ordered to participate in community service or psychological courses at school. If their
attitudes are changing better, the length of their sentence should be reconsidered. A
second penalty is that those who have carried out unforgivable offences ought to receive
harsh punishments regardless of their age. They have to experience custodial sentences
like being put into penitentiary or prison.
In conclusion, the reasons for youth crimes can be identified and this causes negative
impacts on individuals and society. Therefore, governments should take a firm stand on
this case for the better future of young generations.
WORD COUNT: 338 words
USEFUL CHUNKS/GLOSSARY/TOPIC-RELATED WORDS
 Destitution:  the state of being without money, food, a home, or possessions
 Length of the sentence: the time when a person is put in prison
 Custodial sentence: a judicial sentence, imposing a punishment consisting of
mandatory custody of the convict, either in prison or in some other closed
therapeutic or educational institution
 Morality: principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good
and bad behaviour.
 Supervision:  an act or instance of directing, managing, or oversight
 Preoccupied with sth: be busy with sth
 Take a firm stand: to state your opinion and refuse to change it
 Swindle:  to get money dishonestly from someone by deceiving or cheating them
 Penitentiary: a state or federal prison
 By Nguyen Thi Linh+Tong Phuc Hoang Kim.

Topic 14: Nowadays, more and more older people who need employment
compete with the younger people for the same jobs. What problems this
causes? What are solutions?
SYNONYMS/SUBSTITUTES
 more and more = increasing number = increasingly = progressively = increasing in
quantity.
 older people = older worker = old candidates
 younger people = young candidates = younger worker
 compete for the same jobs = fierce competitions in the job market
 solutions = steps = measures = methods = ways = resolutions
 problems = issues = matters = challenges = consequences
OUTLINE
 Body 1: Problems:
- Problem 1: age discrimination >>older people >>difficulty in finding jobs.
- Problem 2: younger people adapt more easily to changes in work practices >>stress of
coping with these changes affects health of older workers.
 Body 2: Solutions:
- Step 1: governments:
+ encourage employers>>change attitudes and prevent age discrimination among
older workers
+ provide free training on important job requirements, ensure that older workers
enhance skills through attending these courses
- Step 2: individuals: young colleagues help older ones>> adapt to changes in the
working environment>>gain confidence, improve their work performance.
FULL WRITING 
The issue of fierce competitions in the job market between older people and the younger
ones has drawn much attention from the people of concern. Several consequences have
been resulted from this problem and they should be tackled by a number of effective
solutions from both individuals and the government.
The older generation has to face up to two main issues as competing with the young.
Firstly, due to age discrimination, older people often suffer from more disadvantages
when seeking the same positions as young candidates, even when they have similar
abilities and qualifications. As a result, a number of those people become unemployed,
which prevents them from supporting their lives or meeting basic human needs.
Secondly, it is a matter of fact that the young colleagues seem to be more creative and
adapt themselves to changes at the workplace more effortlessly than the older
can.Therefore, the old employees are often under detrimental pressure. This may lead to
both physical and psychological diseases, including heart disease and depression to the
old.
However, there is a wide range of available solutions which the government and
individuals should take to address these problems. The first step is that government
should encourage employers to change their attitudes and prevent age discrimination
among older workers. As a result, they would be given greater opportunities to find
suitable jobs and earn a living. In addition, governments should provide free training on
important job requirements and ensure that older workers can enhance their skills through
attending these courses. Moreover, if younger colleagues can help them to adapt to
changes in the working environment, older people will gain confidence and improve their
work performance.
In conclusion, there are various negative problems of increasing competitions between
the old and the young in the job market. Therefore, appropriate steps need to be taken to
tackle these problems, not only by the government but also by individuals.
WORD COUNT: 317 words
USEFUL CHUNKS/GLOSSARY/ TOPIC RELATED WORDS
 age discrimination: phân biệt tuổi tác
 earn a living: kiếm sống
 fierce: strong, intensive, agressive, severe
 depression: trầm cảm
 adapt to: thích nghi với..
(By Do Thao Linh: paragraphs 1+2-Nguyen Thi Lan: paragraphs 3+4 )