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Topic 3: Globalization Theories: The Contemporary World (Coworld)

This document discusses two main theories of globalization - homogeneity and heterogeneity. Homogeneity refers to increasing sameness around the world as cultures, economies, and governments become more similar due to global influences like cultural imperialism and the spread of American products and ideologies. Heterogeneity pertains to increasing diversity as interactions between societies give rise to new hybrid cultural practices, economies, and political groups. Contrary to homogeneity, heterogeneity involves ongoing differences as well as new combinations of global and local influences, as seen in the concept of "glocalization."

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322 views6 pages

Topic 3: Globalization Theories: The Contemporary World (Coworld)

This document discusses two main theories of globalization - homogeneity and heterogeneity. Homogeneity refers to increasing sameness around the world as cultures, economies, and governments become more similar due to global influences like cultural imperialism and the spread of American products and ideologies. Heterogeneity pertains to increasing diversity as interactions between societies give rise to new hybrid cultural practices, economies, and political groups. Contrary to homogeneity, heterogeneity involves ongoing differences as well as new combinations of global and local influences, as seen in the concept of "glocalization."

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Module 1

Topic 3: Globalization Theories

The Contemporary World (Coworld)


Globalization Theories
Globalization as a process increases
either homogeneity or heterogeneity.
Homogeneity – refers to the increasing
sameness in the world as cultural inputs,
economic factors and political
orientations of societies expand to
create common practices, same
economies, and similar forms of
government. Homogeneity in culture is
often linked to cultural imperialism. This
means, a given culture influences other
cultures.
In homogeneity, a given culture influences other cultures. A good
example is Americanization through global economy that brought
American products, ideas, images, practices and behavior to the
world. This process also spread ideologies like capitalism,
neoliberalism and the market economy in the world. The
political realm also suffers homogenization if one takes into
account the emerging similar models of governance in the world.
Ritzer (2008) claimed that, in general,
the contemporary world is undergoing
the process of McDonaldization. It is a
process by which Western societies are
dominated by the principles of fast food
restaurants. It involves the global
spread of rational systems, such as
efficiency, calculability, predictability,
and control.
Heterogeneity pertains to the creation of various cultural
practices, new economies, and political groups because of the
interaction of elements from different societies in the world.
Heterogeneity refers to the differences because of either lasting
differences or of the hybrids or combinations of cultures that can
produced through the different transplanetary processes.
Contrary to cultural imperialism, heterogeneity in culture is
associated with cultural hybridization.
Contrary to cultural imperialism, heterogeneity in culture is
associated with cultural hybridization. A more specific is
“glocalization” coined by Roland Robertson (1992). It explain
that as global forces interact with local factors or a specific
geographical area, the “glocal” (global+ local) is being produced.
This is not only happening in culture but also in economic issues
and in political institutions.

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