ENG120

Introduction to stylistics
And
Discourse Analysis
Module 4 E- Portfolio

Submitted by: Dona S. Llamas

BSED ENG 3-B
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Contents Page

Module 4: assessment 1 1-2

Module 4: assessment 2 3
Module 4: assessment 3 4
Module 4: assessment 4 5
Module 4: assessment 5 6
Module 4: assessment 6 7-8
Module 4: assessment 7 9-10
Dona S. Llamas
BSED Eng 3-B
Eng 120: Intro to linguistics

Module 4
Unit 1
Assessment/Exercises:

Direction: Read and answer the items below.

1. Find one (2) literary piece (an excerpt of a short story or poem) which you have not used yet, and
analyze it using one of the stylistics tools (graphological, phonological, syntactic or semantic). Make
sure to include all the devices presented in this unit.

Format Sample (Word File 8.5X11)

SEMANTIC ANALYISIS OF HUCKLEBERRY FINN

Name: (Your Name)

Title of the Piece: Huckleberry Finn (Excerpt)

Type of Literature: Novel

Stylistic Tool: Semantic Analysis

Text: (paste here the part of the literature which you will analyze)

THE ANALYSIS

(provide your stylistic analysis)

Name: Dona Llamas

Title of the piece: If You Forget Me

Type of literature: Poem

Stylistic tool: Syntactic Analysis

I want you to know one thing

You know how this is

If I look at the crystal moon

At the red branch of the slow autumn at my window

If I touch near the fire the impalpable ash Or the wrinkled body of the log

Everything carries me to you

As if everything that exists - aromas, light, metals

Were little boats that sail toward those isles of yours that wait for me

Well, now

If little by little you stop loving me

I shall stop loving you

Little by little

If suddenly you forget me

Do not look for me

For I shall already have forgotten you

If you think it long and mad the wind of banners that passes through my life

And you decide to leave me at the shore of the heart where I have roots

Remember

That on that day, at that hour, I shall lift my arms

And my roots will set off to seek another land

But, if each day, each hour, you feel that you are destined for me

With implacable sweetness

If each day a flower climbs up to your lips to seek me

Ahh my love, ahh my own, in me all that fire is repeated

In me nothing is extinguished or forgotten

My love feeds on your love, beloved

And as long as you live, it will be in your arms without leaving mine.

Parallelisms- "look at the crystal moon, at the red branch of the slow autumn at my window, "and "if I
touch near the fire the impalpable ash or the wrinkled body of the log, everything carries me to you, as if
everything that exists, aromas, light, metals ,were little boats that sail toward those isles of yours that
wait for me" is some of the examples of parallelisms.

Chiasmus- there is repetition of the syntactical pattern, "if little by little you stop loving me I shall stop
loving you little by little." and "If suddenly you forget me do not look for me, for I shall already have
forgotten you.".

Repetition- repetition is also present in poem like 'little' and 'if'.

Enumeration- there is an enumeration present in the poem like 'aromas, light, metals' to emphasize the
love that's pulling him closer to his love.

Polysendenton- polysendenton is not present in the poem.

Stylistic Inversion- there is a presence of stylistic inversion in some of the lines.

Code switching- there is no code switching.

Dona S. Llamas
BSED Eng 3-B
Eng 120: Intro to linguistics

Module 4
Unit 2
Assessment/Exercises:

Direction: Read and answer the items below.

1. Give three (3) examples for each type and structure of sentence.

Simple- Camille waited for the train.

Anna is beautiful

Apple is my favorite fruit.

Compound- Camille waited for the train, but the train was late.

She is a good writer but not an effective public speaker.

Jess loves adventure but hated the traffic.

Complex- Camille realized that the train was late while he waited at the train station.

Because my coffee was too cold, I heated it in the microwave.

Although he was wealthy, he was still unhappy.

Compound- complex-

Mike doesn't like cartoons because they are loud, so he doesn't watch them.

The dog started barking so the cat ran away and I couldn't keep up, so I stopped.

She likes to sleep in but she can get up early if she has work.

2. Point the differences and similarities between sentence and utterance.

-The difference between a sentence and utterance is that while a sentence conveys a complete meaning
through a combination of clauses, an utterance conveys a meaning through a few words that may not
even compile a clause. A sentence is in both written and spoken language, but an utterance is in spoken
language only.
Dona S. Llamas
BSED Eng 3-B
Eng 120: Intro to linguistics

Module 4
Unit 3
Assessment/Exercises:

Direction: Read and answer the items below.

1. Explain the statement: “discourse analysis foregrounds language use as social action, language use
as

Answer: situated performance, language use as tied to social relations and identities, power, inequality
and social struggle, language use as essentially a matter of "practices" rather than just "structures"

2. Differentiate the structural and functional view of discourse analysis.

1. This statement states that discourse analysis viewed or perceived language as a matter of "practices"
rather than just "structures". It studies language regarding society, interactions, identities, inequalities
and social structure.

2. Structural view focuses on the language structure but doesn't pay attention to the purposes and
function while functional view focuses more on the purposes and function which these form perform
rather than to the structure.
Dona S. Llamas
BSED Eng 3-B
Eng 120: Intro to linguistics

Module 4
Unit 4
Assessment/Exercises:

Direction: Read and answer the items below.

1. What are the three (3) main types of deictic expressions. Write three (3) examples for each type
and use it in a sentence.

1. The three main types of deictic expressions are Person Deixis, Time Deixis, and Place Deixis.

Person Deixis- Would you like to have dinner?

I am going to the mall.

They tried to hurt me, but he came to the rescue.

Place Deixes- This place is awesome.

I want to live here.

I would love to travel there with you.

Time Deixis- I want to eat lunch later.

I will have an appointment tomorrow.

Today is our third anniversary.

2. What are the two deixis types according to Levinson. Write one sentence for each type.

2.Discourse Deixis: At this point I would like to discuss, X, Z, and Y.

Social Deixis: The School Principal shouted at the kid.

3. Discuss what deictic circle is.

-The deictic circle shows the relationship between the deictic system and can be used for shifting from
direct speech into indirect speech. The heart of situation-of-utterance is the egocentricity of the
speaker.
Dona S. Llamas
BSED Eng 3-B
Eng 120: Intro to linguistics

Module 4
Unit 5
Assessment/Exercises:

Direction: Read and answer the items below.

1. Explain the statement : Language is a common code that enables those who know the language to
communicate with each other, to transfer meaning from one to the other.

Language is a common code used for communication. It is a medium used to transfer meaning
from one to other. It enables those who know the language to connect with each other therefore If one
carries meaning to the other individual that other person ables to interpret and understand message or
the meaning sent.

2. Explain the statement: The most effective communication comes about when a sign’s creator and
interpreter hold the same codes.

- Effective communication arises only if two persons; the creator and interpreter shares the same codes.
It means that if the interpreter understands the meaning or the signs sent by the creator then it is
considered as an effective communication. It only happens if there is no misunderstanding between the
creator and the interpreter.
DONA S. LLAMAS
BSED ENG 3-B
Eng 120: Intro to linguistics

Module 4 Unit 6

Assessment/Exercises:
Direction: Read and answer the items below.

1. Discuss the Grice Theory and the maxims.

Answer: Grice Theory was developed by the philosopher Paul Grice which he explained that the Maxims
are way to explain the link between utterances and what is understood for them because both because
listeners and speakers must speak cooperatively and mutually accept one another to be understood in a
particular way. The principle describes how effective communication in conversation is achieved in
common social situations and is further broken down into the four Maxims of Quality, Quantity,
Relevance and Manner.

The Maxims of Quality the speaker does not believe to be false and for which adequate
evidence is had, The Maxims of Quantity is adequately but not overly informative, the Maxims of
Revelant is revelant and the last Maxims is Maxim of Manner is clear, unambiguous, brief, and orderly.

These maxims were originally meant to describe how people intuitively communicate, they can
be used to actively guide the way you communicate in various situations.

2. Analyze the following discourses, present your inferences and identify the violated maxim

Convo A

A: I’ll pay you back in full next week, I promise.

B: Sure, and pigs will fly and fish will sing.

Answer: This conversation, B's answered with sarcasm. It looks like A' promise about paying him back
full next week is an impossible thing . Pigs will fly and fish will sing is not believable or possible to
happen. The quality of the response is violated because of the promise made by A which implies or
cause sarcasm to happened by B.

Convo B

A: What are three importance of reading.

B: Knowledge, knowledge, knowledge!

Answer: Here, we see the response of B from the question of A. It looks like B is somewhat irrritated or
annoyed with the question, maybe A asked him several times for him to answer that way. The maxim
violated is the quantity of the response since there is a repetition of the word.

Convo C

A: Do you like Sam?

B: She’s the cream in my coffee.

Answer: The answer of B to A's question is indirect. A asked B a direct question if B likes Sam but the
answer is somewhat irrelevant to the question. The maxim violated would be the manner, B could have
answered directly or in relevant to the question.

3. Research on the definition of entailment and presupposition.

The terms “presupposition” and “entailment” refer to fundamental operations of human thinking
which are of central relevance to language use and social interaction. While in linguistic pragmatics and
the philosophy of language presupposition and entailment are typically conceptualized in terms of
relations between propositions or between a speaker's utterance and her beliefs, in linguistic
anthropology they are most useful in helping us to understand the relation between speech signal (or
any other form of conduct) and its context of occurrence.

In pragmatics Presupposition is what the speaker assumes to be the case prior to making an utterance.
Entailment, which is not a pragmatic concept, is what logically follows from what is asserted in the
utterance. Speakers have presuppositions while sentences, not speakers, have entailments.
Dona S. Llamas
BSED ENG 3-B
ENG 120: STYLISTICS AND DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

MODULE 4 Unit 7: DISCOURSE AND LINGUISTICS

Unit 7: DISCOURSE MARKERS

Assessment/Exercises:
1. Research and present a matrix of the various types of discourse markers. Provide a minimum of
ten (10) types and five (5) examples for each.

Discourse Markers Examples

 IN ADDITION
 FURTHER
ADDITION  FURTHERMORE
 ADDITIONALLY
 THEN
 NEVERTHLESS
 HOWEVER
CONTRAST  EVEN SO
 NONETHLESS
 OTHERWISE
 COMPARABLE
 LIKEWISE
COMPARISON  IN THE SAME WAY
 AS WITH
 EQUALLY
 AT LAST
 FINALLY
TIME  AT THAT TIME
 IMMEDIATELY
 CCURRENTLY
 THEREFORE
 THUS
RESULT  AS A RESULT
 IN CONSEQUENCE
 ACCORDINGLY
 AFTER ALL
 ANYWAY
SUMMARY  IN GENERAL
 IT SEEMS
 IN SHORT
 FOR INSTANCE
EXAMPLE  FOR EXAMPLE
 SUCH AS
 THAT IS
 ILLUSTRATED BY
 BUT
 ALTHOUGH
QUALIFYING  UNLESS
 EXCEPT
 APART FROM
 NEARBY
 BEYOND
PLACE  ADJACENT TO
  IN THE FRONT
 ON THE OTHER SIDE
 BECAUSE
 SO
CAUSE AND EFFECT  HENCE
 THUS
 CONSEQUENTLY