DM&P X-Linux Developer's Manual

2010-04-28

Table of Content

1. What’s X-Linux .....................................................................................................................................................1

2. Update History .....................................................................................................................................................2
3. Environment Overview .........................................................................................................................................4
4. X-Linux Installation...............................................................................................................................................5
4.1. Run X-Linux Installation Script ................................................................................................................5
4.2. Install X-Linux onto IDE device ...............................................................................................................7
4.3. Install X-Linux onto USB mass storage ..................................................................................................8
4.4. Make X-Linux RAM Disk .........................................................................................................................9
5. Setup Files .........................................................................................................................................................10
6. BusyBox Commands..........................................................................................................................................11
7. Non-BusyBox Utilities.........................................................................................................................................12
8. Using X-Linux .....................................................................................................................................................13
8.1. Disable Booting Message .....................................................................................................................13
8.2. Enable Disk Writable.............................................................................................................................13
8.3. Enable Hard Disk DMA .........................................................................................................................13
8.4. Set Fixed IP Address and DNS .............................................................................................................13
8.5. Using DHCP..........................................................................................................................................14
8.6. Enable Serial Console ..........................................................................................................................14
8.7. Use USB Mass Storage ........................................................................................................................14
8.8. Modify RAM Disk Image .......................................................................................................................15
8.9. Using NFS.............................................................................................................................................15
8.10. Using NTP.............................................................................................................................................15
8.11. Disable Blank Screen............................................................................................................................16
8.12. Using Frame Buffer ...............................................................................................................................16
8.13. Make Your Linux Kernel ........................................................................................................................16
8.14. Develop Application...............................................................................................................................16
8.15. Install Application ..................................................................................................................................16
9. Graphic Solution.................................................................................................................................................18
10. Reference Links .................................................................................................................................................19
11. Technical Support...............................................................................................................................................20

We offer free software support resource for your reference only. Our resource might lead you to other websites. It is to save your research time and we don't have any obligation or responsibility to
provide further support or answer questions on your application. If you need any special assistance, please contact your account manager.
DMP Electronics INC. DM&P X-Linux Developer's Manual

1. What’s X-Linux

We have some projects/products using embedded Linux and engineers make it as X-Linux. It is for our customers
need embedded Linux to start their development. X-Linux is maintained and improved since 2002. Bugs are fixed and
customers can use it as their Linux application without embedded Linux platform setup. Because it does not provide
full documents and tool-chain, developers needs to modify it manually.

X-Linux feature list:

Can run on Vortex86SX/DX/MX series with 64M bytes memory.

Only need 10M bytes storage space.
Only need 10 seconds to boot on Vortex86SX/DX/MX series after POST.
Support EXT2/EXT3 file system.
Working with read-only file system (using tmpfs to reduce writing Flash storage).
Support serial console for device without VGA.
Include FTP, TELNET and WWW server.
Support DHCP client.
Support NFS.
Support SSH.
Support USB mass storage and USB keyboard/mouse.
Support NTP client.

-1-
DMP Electronics INC. DM&P X-Linux Developer's Manual

2. Update History

Version 5.7 (2010-04-13)

PPP is removed.
Add install scripts.
Using FTP/Telnet/HTTP server in BusyBox.
Update BusyBox to 1.16.1.
Fix frame buffer bug.

Version 5.63 (2009-09-01)

Fix USB audio.

Version 5.62 (2009-07-10)

Support MC35 GPRS modem.
Add setterm to disable blank screen.
Add NTP client.

Version 5.61 (2009-05-15)

Support frame buffer in kernel.

Version 5.6 (2009-05-05)

Support Vortex86DX.
Using Linux kernel 2.6.29.
Update glibc to 2.8.90.
Update BusyBox to 1.13.2.
Add Dropbear 0.52.

Version 5.51 (2008-09-12)

Add SSH server and client.
Add USB audio support.

Version 5.5 (2008-08-08)

Using Linux kernel 2.6.23.
Update BusyBox to 1.10.4.
Update glibc to 2.7.
Using EXT3 file system.
Add C/C++ demo program.

Version 5.4 (2006-01-09)

Update BusyBox to 1.01.
Use vsftpd 2.0.3 as FTP server.
Add NFS V2 and V3.

-2-
DMP Electronics INC. DM&P X-Linux Developer's Manual

Update EXT2 file system tools 1.38.

Use SysLinux boot loader.
Add domain name resolving.
Provide three versions for M6117D, Vortex86 and Vega86 series.
glibc updated to 2.3.3.

Version 5.3 (2005-06-21)

Linux kernel updated to 2.4.31.
Use LILO 22.2 as boot loader.
BusyBox updated.
glibc updated to 2.3.2.
Support USB mass storage and keyboard.
Support Vortex86 audio.
Support CD-ROM.
Use tmpfs to replace RAM disk for /var and /tmp.
Update web server to WN server 2.4.6.

Version 5.2 (2005-01-05)

Linux kernel updated to 2.4.28.
SysLinux updated.
BusyBox updated.
glibc updated to 2.3.2.
Support USB mass storage and keyboard.
Support Vortex86 audio.

Version 4 (2003-05-28)
Linux kernel updated to 2.4.20.
SysLinux updated.
udhcp updated.
BusyBox updated.
PPP server function added.
Login shell added.
Set root file system to read only.
Link /var and /tmp to RAM disk to reduce writing of disk.
Serial console added. (Version 4.1 only)

Version 3 (2002-12-31)
Loadable module support enabled.
inetd added to take some of the effort out of running services such as telnet and ftp.
TELNET service daemon added.
WU-FTPD service daemon added.

-3-
DMP Electronics INC. DM&P X-Linux Developer's Manual

3. Environment Overview

Software Version Path

Linux Kernel 2.6.29 /boot/bzImage
Boot Loader SysLinux 2.13 /boot
Shell BusyBox 1.16.1 /bin/busybox
FTP Server BusyBox 1.16.1 /sbin/ftpd
TELNET Server BusyBox 1.13.2 /sbin/telnetd
SSH Server Dropbear 0.52 /sbin/dropbear
HTTP Server BusyBox 1.16.1 /sbin/httpd
NFS NFS-Utils 1.0.6 /usr/sbin/nfsd
Web Pages /www
Size Requirement < 10 MB

-4-
DMP Electronics INC. DM&P X-Linux Developer's Manual

4. X-Linux Installation

X-Linux has installation scripts to install itself onto RAM disk, USB mass storage or IDE device. Download X-Linux
RAM disk image from web site and make a bootable USB to boot into DOS (or, boot DOS from DOM) to run it. Here
are steps to make bootable USB mass storage to install X-Linux.

4.1. Run X-Linux Installation Script

4.1.1. Install X-Linux from Windows Machine

Here are steps to using X-Linux (from DOS via RAM disk image) to install X-Linux:

1. Extract X-Linux RAM disk ZIP file onto your Windows system.
2. Assume the target directory is “xlinux-5.7-makebootfat”.
3. Ensure your Windows system only has one USB mass storage plugged.
4. Before runing “xlinux-5.7-makebootfat\make.bat” (or make_lba.bat), format your USB mass storage
with FAT or FAT32 format.
5. Run the batch file and it will search the only USB mass storage to make it FreeDOS bootable.
6. If your USB mass storage can not boot properly, run make_lba.bat to try again.

After above steps, your USB mass storage is FreeDOS bootable and has those files:

File Name Description

bzimage Linux kernel image.
loadlin.exe DOS tool to load Linux.
autoexec.bat DOS batch file to launch loadlin.exe with Linux kernel and RAM disk image after boot.
ramdisk.gz X-Linux RAM disk image.

Plug USB mass storage onto Vortex86SX/DX/MX boards and it will boot into FreeDOS and load X-Linux RAM disk
image. After booting into X-Linux, enter directory “/xlinux” to run “./install-xlinux.sh” script. Check next section for
more detail.

If above steps still can not make your USB mass storage boot on Vortex86SX/DX/MX boards, please search
“hpusbf.exe download” from Google to get hpusbf.exe. Put it onto the directory where make.bat (or make_lba.bat)
is. Run below command to make a FreeDOS bootable USB mass storage by HP USB utility:

hpusbf hd1 -fs:fat -q -b:.\freedos -y -s:.\image

4.1.2. Install X-Linux from Linux Machine

The other way to install X-Linux in Linux is to download X-Linux installation source from our web site. Extract it onto
your Linux machine. Ensure utility mcopy and mattrib are available in your Linux system. They are member of

-5-
DMP Electronics INC. DM&P X-Linux Developer's Manual

MS-DOS tool (mtools) and needed by SysLinux. Assume the target directory is “/xlinux-5.7-src”. Enter
“/xlinux-5.7-src/xlinux” and run “./install-xlinux.sh” script. Check next section for more detail.

4.1.3. Installation Script

Here is example to run install script from USB mass storage boot:

[root@X-Linux]:~ # cd xlinux/
[root@X-Linux]:/xlinux # ./install-xlinux.sh

Usage: ./install-xlinux.sh DEVICE

DEVICE=/dev/hd[a-d] -> install X-Linux on to hard disk

DEVICE=/dev/sd[a-b] -> install X-Linux on to USB mass storage
DEVICE=img -> make X-Linux RAM disk image
DEVICE=imgbb -> make X-Linux RAM disk image with BusyBox only
vsx -> using Linux kernl with FPU emulation for
Vortex86SX with /dev/hdx and /dev/sdx

Ex: ./install-xlinux.sh /dev/hdc

./install-xlinux.sh /dev/sda
./install-xlinux.sh /dev/hdc
./install-xlinux.sh /dev/sda
./install-xlinux.sh img
./install-xlinux.sh imgbb

[root@X-Linux]:/xlinux #

Note: X-Linux install script does not check error return. It can work properly for most case. Please run it
carefully.

-6-
DMP Electronics INC. DM&P X-Linux Developer's Manual

4.2. Install X-Linux onto IDE device

[root@X-Linux]:/xlinux # ./install-xlinux.sh /dev/hda

Install X-Linux onto /dev/hda

Make partitions
Fromat /dev/hda1
Install boot loader
Format /dev/hda2
Mount /dev/hda2
Make basic directories
Install BusyBox
Make device nodes
Copy directories
Sync
Umount /dev/hda2
Done!

[root@X-Linux]:/xlinux #

After this step, remove USB mass storage and boot X-Linux from your IDE device.

If you want more storage space and do not need to install X-Linux from your IDE device, please mount /dev/hd?2 to
remove “bzImage-sx” and “bzImage-dx” at xlinux directory.

-7-
DMP Electronics INC. DM&P X-Linux Developer's Manual

4.3. Install X-Linux onto USB mass storage

[root@X-Linux]:/xlinux # ./install-xlinux.sh /dev/sda

Install X-Linux onto /dev/sda

Make partitions
Fromat /dev/sda1
Install boot loader
Format /dev/sda2
Mount /dev/sda2
Make basic directories
Install BusyBox
Make device nodes
Copy directories
Sync
Umount /dev/sda2
Done!

[root@X-Linux]:/xlinux #

For boot X-Linux from USB mass storage, X-Linux will add “rootdelay=10” in syslinux.cfg. Just plug USB mass
storage onto Vorex86SX/DX/MX boards to boot X-Linux.

Note (1): if you are using IDE-to-USB cable to convert IDE device as USB mass storage in X-Linux, run
“./sda-patch.sh”. It will patch syslinux.cfg and /etc/fsteb for IDE device boot (using /dev/hdax to replace
/dev/sdax) .

Note (2): if your USB pen driver is < 512Mbytes, Vortex86SX/DX/MX BIOS will not recognize it as “Hard Disk” mode.
Please select “Hard Disk” in BIOS “Advance USB Mass Storage Device Configuation Emulation Type
Hard Disk” for USB pen driver boot.

Note (3): if you are booting from USB pen driver, also can run install script to install X-Linux on it (/dev/sda) to boot
without FreeDOS.

If you want more storage space and do not need to install X-Linux from your IDE device, please mount /dev/sd?2 to
remove “bzImage-sx” and “bzImage-dx” at xlinux directory.

-8-
DMP Electronics INC. DM&P X-Linux Developer's Manual

4.4. Make X-Linux RAM Disk

[root@X-Linux]:/xlinux # ./install-xlinux.sh img

Install X-Linux onto RAM disk image

Create RAM disk image
16384+0 records in
16384+0 records out
16777216 bytes (16.0MB) copied, 0.361298 seconds, 44.3MB/s
Mount RAM disk image
Make basic directories
Install BusyBox
Make device nodes
Copy directories
Sync
Umount RAM disk image
X-Linux RAM disk image path = /tmp/ramdisk.gz
Done!

[root@X-Linux]:/xlinux #

After running “install-x-linux.sh” with img or imgbb, a RAM disk image will be generated on /tmp. Developers can
load X-Linux from DOS by loadlin.exe or from FAT16 file system by syslinux.

If you want boot RAM disk image faster and do not need to install X-Linux from your IDE device, remove
“bzImage-sx” and “bzImage-dx” at /xlinux directory before running install-xlinux.sh.

-9-
DMP Electronics INC. DM&P X-Linux Developer's Manual

5. Setup Files

File Name Description

/etc/dropbear Configuration files for dropbear SSH tool.
/etc/exports The file describing exported file systems for NFS services.
/etc/fstab Lists the file systems mounted automatically at startup by the mount -a command in
startup file.
/etc/group Similar to /etc/passwd but for groups rather than users.
/etc/hosts List hosts for name lookup use that are locally required.
/etc/inetd.conf The inetd.conf file contains the list of servers that inetd invokes when it receives an
Internet request over a socket.
/etc/init.d/rcS It will be run first and you can add your initial programs into it. We add statement assign
our IP in this file.
/etc/inittab This file plays a crucial role in the boot sequence.
/etc/kernel-config Linux kernel configuration file. Developer can use the kernel configuration to build new
Linux kernel.
/etc/ld.so.conf File containing a list of colon, space, tab, newline, or comma-separated directories in
which to search for libraries for lddconfig.
/etc/nsswitch.conf Name service switch configuration file.
/etc/passwd The user database with fields giving the username, real name, home directory, encrypted
password and other information about each user.
/etc/profile It work as autoexec.bat under DOS and will be run automatically.
/etc/protocols Describes DARPA internet protocols available from the TCP/IP subsystem. Maps
protocol ID numbers to protocol names.
/etc/resolv.conf Configures the name resolver, specifying the address of your name server and your
domain name.
/etc/rpc rpc program number data base.
/etc/securetty This file allows you to specify which TTY devices the root user is allowed to login on.
/etc/services This file contains information regarding the known services available in the DARPA
Internet.
/etc/shadow Shadow password file on systems with shadow password software installed. Shadow
passwords move the encrypted password files from /etc/passwd to /etc/shadow which
can only be read by root.
/www Web pages for HTTP server.

- 10 -
DMP Electronics INC. DM&P X-Linux Developer's Manual

6. BusyBox Commands

Commands listed below are implemented by BusyBox:

(You can go to http://www.busybox.net/downloads/BusyBox.html to get more information.)

Path Command
/bin [, [[, addgroup, adduser, ar, arping, ash, awk, basename, bbconfig, beep, bunzip2, busybox, bzcat, bzip2,
cal, cat, catv, chat, chattr, chgrp, chmod, chown, chpst, chrt, chvt, cksum, clear, cmp, comm, cp, cpio,
crontab, cryptpw, cttyhack, cut, date, dc, dd, deallocvt, delgroup, deluser, df, diff, dirname, dmesg,
dnsdomainname, dos2unix, dpkg, dpkg-deb, du, dumpkmap, echo, ed, egrep, eject, env, envdir,
envuidgid, ether-wake, expand, expr, false, fdflush, fdformat, fgrep, find, fold, free, fsync, ftpget, ftpput,
fuser, getopt, grep, gunzip, gzip, hd, head, hexdump, hostid, hostname, hush, id, ifplugd, install, ionice, ip,
ipaddr, ipcalc, ipcrm, ipcs, iplink, iproute, iprule, iptunnel, kbd_mode, kill, killall, killall5, last, length, less,
linux32, linux64, ln, logger, login, logname, lpq, lpr, ls, lsattr, lzmacat, lzop, lzopcat, md5sum, mesg,
microcom, mkdir, mkfifo, mknod, mkpasswd, mktemp, more, mount, mountpoint, msh, mt, mv, nc, netstat,
nice, nmeter, nohup, nslookup, od, openvt, passwd, patch, pgrep, pidof, ping, ping6, pipe_progress, pkill,
printenv, printf, ps, pscan, pwd, readlink, realpath, renice, reset, resize, rm, rmdir, rpm, rpm2cpio, rtcwake,
run-parts, runsv, runsvdir, rx, script, scriptreplay, sed, seq, setarch, setkeycodes, setsid, setuidgid, sh,
sha1sum, sha256sum, sha512sum, showkey, sleep, softlimit, sort, split, stat, strings, stty, su, sum, sv,
sync, tac, tail, tar, taskset, tcpsvd, tee, telnet, test, time, timeout, top, touch, tr, traceroute, traceroute6,
true, tty, ttysize, udpsvd, umount, uname, uncompress, unexpand, uniq, unix2dos, unlzma, unlzop, unzip,
uptime, usleep, uudecode, uuencode, vi, vlock, volname, wall, watch, wc, wget, which, who, whoami,
xargs, yes, zcat
/sbin adjtimex, arp, blkid, brctl, chpasswd, chroot, crond, depmod, devfsd, devmem, dnsd, fakeidentd, fbset,
fbsplash, fdisk, findfs, freeramdisk, fsck, fsck.minix, ftpd, getty, halt, hdparm, httpd, hwclock, ifconfig,
ifdown, ifenslave, ifup, inetd, init, inotifyd, insmod, klogd, loadfont, loadkmap, logread, losetup, lpd, lsmod,
lspci, lsusb, makedevs, man, mdev, mke2fs, mkfs.ext2, mkfs.minix, mkfs.vfat, mkswap, modprobe,
nameif, ntpd, pivot_root, poweroff, raidautorun, rdate, rdev, readprofile, reboot, rmmod, route, runlevel,
setconsole, setfont, setlogcons, slattach, start-stop-daemon, sulogin, svlogd, swapoff, swapon,
switch_root, sysctl, syslogd, telnetd, tunctl, tune2fs, udhcpc, vconfig, watchdog, zcip

- 11 -
DMP Electronics INC. DM&P X-Linux Developer's Manual

7. Non-BusyBox Utilities

Command Path Description

setserial /bin Get/set Linux serial ports information.
ldconfig /sbin Configure dynamic linker run time bindings
mkdosfs /sbin Utility to create an MS-DOS file system.
portmap /sbin Start RPC to be a NFS client.
ro /sbin Script to make root file system read only.
rw /sbin Script to make root file system writable.
syslinux /sbin SysLinux boot loader.
dbclient /usr/bin Dropbear SSH client.
ldd /usr/bin Print shared library dependencies.
dropbear /usr/sbin Deopbear SSH server.
e2fsck /sbin e2fsck is used to check a Linux second extended file system (ext2fs).
exportfs /usr/sbin Maintain list of NFS exported file systems.
nfsd /usr/sbin Script to enable NFS server. Refer to below section about NFS for more.
ntpdate /usr/sbin NTP client tool.
rpcinfo /usr/sbin Show port used by RPC.
setterm /usr/sbin Set terminal attributes.
showmount /usr/sbin Show mount information for an NFS server.

- 12 -
DMP Electronics INC. DM&P X-Linux Developer's Manual

8. Using X-Linux

Default settings may not meet programmer’s requirement. Here are some sections to help developers to change
X-Linux settings.

The default user name is root and password is password. Remember to change default password.

8.1. Disable Booting Message

If developer wants to disable Linux kernel booting message, add “quiet” to boot loader configuration. For example, if
SysLinux is used as your boot loader, edit /boot/syslinux.cfg to add “quiet”:
APPEND root=/dev/hda2 quiet

And redirection messages from /etc/init.d/rcS and /etc/profile:

::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS >/dev/null 2>&1

8.2. Enable Disk Writable

We only set root file system can be read because embedded system will power-off at any time. If any data want to
save into disk, re-mount disk writable is needed. For example: user wants to use FTP to upload file, he should uses
telnet to X-Linux and do those steps:
# mount -o remount,rw / (mount root file system readable/writable)
# (use FTP to upload files...)
# sync (flush file system buffers)
# mount -o remount,ro / (mount root file system read only)

Or, using “rw” script in /sbin to do those commands and “ro” to make file system read only again.

8.3. Enable Hard Disk DMA

User can run “hdparm -d0 /dev/hda” to disable DMA and run “hdparm -d1 /dev/hda” to enable DMA after X-Linux boot.
Or, add them into /etc/profile. The other way to disable DMA is to add “ide=nodma” in /boot/syslinux.cfg to pass
parameter to Linux kernel.

8.4. Set Fixed IP Address and DNS

If user wants to use fixed IP address, change/add those lines in /etc/init.d/rcS:

echo $Linux_string: Set IP=192.168.0.222
ifconfig eth0 192.168.0.222 netmask 255.255.255.0

If DNS is needed, edit /etc/resolv.conf to add your DNS server:

nameserver 192.168.0.1

- 13 -
DMP Electronics INC. DM&P X-Linux Developer's Manual

8.5. Using DHCP

Remove the “#” in /etc/init.d/rcS to enable DHCP:

#echo $Linux_string: Getting IP from DHCP server
#udhcpc >/dev/null 2>&1

8.6. Enable Serial Console

Flow those steps to add serial console into X-Linux:

1. Run "mount -o remount,rw /" to make root file system can be read/wrote.
2. Edit /etc/inittab to add this line or remove “#” at start of this line:
# remove '#' of next line to support serial console logins
ttyS0::respawn:/sbin/getty -L 9600 ttyS0
3. Edit /etc/securetty to add those lines:
ttyS0
ttyS1
4. Edit /boot/syslinux.cfg to add this line:
APPEND ”console=tty1 console=ttyS0,9600n8”
5. Run "sync" and reboot the device.
6. Use a cross RS-232 cable to connect to X-Linux and your PC.
7. Run terminal program and set COM parameters:
Baud Rate = 9600
Parity Bit = No
Data Bits = 8
Stop Bits = 1
Flow Control = OFF
8. Turn on X-Linux device. You can get message from serial port and login now.

8.7. Use USB Mass Storage

USB function is enabled in X-Linux kernel. After enabling USB in BIOS, X-Linux can find USB mass storage device.
When USB storage is plugged, Linux will find SCSI devices:

hub.c: new USB device 00:01.2-1, assigned address 2

scsi0 : SCSI emulation for USB Mass Storage devices
Vendor: Usb Model: Flash Disk Rev: 1.11
Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 02
Attached scsi removable disk sda at scsi0, channel 0, id 0, lun 0
SCSI device sda: 129024 512-byte hdwr sectors (66 MB)
sda: Write Protect is off
sda: sda1 sda2 < >

- 14 -
DMP Electronics INC. DM&P X-Linux Developer's Manual

Mount USB storage:

~ # mount /dev/sda1 /mnt

Now, you can read/write USB storage. Linux kernel in X-Linux only support EXT2/EXT3 and FAT16/32 file system. If
you have other file system on USB storage, X-Linux can not recognize it. Beside, before removing your USB storage,
please unmount USB device first.

8.8. Modify RAM Disk Image

1. Decompress ramdisk.gz on your desktop Linux (assume /tmp).

2. # losetup /dev/loop0 /tmp/ramdisk
3. # mount /dev/loop0 /mnt
4. Do you job on /mnt.
5. # sync
6. # umount /mnt
7. # losetup -d /dev/loop0
8. # gzip -v9 /tmp/ramdisk
9. You get a new ramdisk.gz with your changes.

8.9. Using NFS

NFS is helpful for development phase. We add NFS support into X-Linux and here are steps to enable NFS:

X-Linux to be NFS server

1. Run "portmap" and "nfsd".

2. Modify "/etc/exports" to add share path. Share path is root by default in X-Linux.
3. Run "exportfs -vr" to make settings in "/etc/exports" active.

X-Linux to be NFS client

1. Run "portmap".
2. To get sharing status of NFS server, run "showmount -e (hostname or ip)".
3. To mount a NFS share: "mount -t nfs host:/ /mnt/nfs"
4. To umount a NFS share: "umount /mnt/nfs"

8.10. Using NTP

Run "ntpdate 0.uk.pool.ntp.org" to test, where 0.uk.pool.ntp.org is NTP server. Run “hwclock -w" to write new time
into RTC.

- 15 -
DMP Electronics INC. DM&P X-Linux Developer's Manual

8.11. Disable Blank Screen

Run "setterm -blank 0".

8.12. Using Frame Buffer

Frame buffer is built-in Linux kernel in X-Linux. User just has to edit syslinux.cfg to add vga parameter.
VGA mode list:
Mode: Resolution: Type: Mode: Resolution: Type: Mode: Resolution: Type:
0 F00 80x25 VGA 1 F01 80x50 VGA 2 F02 80x43 VGA
3 F03 80x28 VGA 4 F05 80x30 VGA 5 F06 80x34 VGA
6 F07 80x60 VGA 7 300 640x400x8 VESA 8 301 640x480x8 VESA
9 303 800x600x8 VESA a 305 1024x768x8 VESA b 307 1280x1024x8 VESA
c 30E 320x200x16 VESA d 30F 320x200x32 VESA e 311 640x480x16 VESA
f 312 640x480x32 VESA g 314 800x600x16 VESA h 315 800x600x32 VESA
i 317 1024x768x16 VESA j 318 1024x768x32 VESA k 31A 1280x1024x16 VESA
l 31B 1280x1024x32 VESA m 330 320x200x8 VESA n 331 320x400x8 VESA
o 332 320x400x16 VESA p 333 320x400x32 VESA q 334 320x240x8 VESA
r 335 320x240x16 VESA s 336 320x240x32 VESA t 33D 640x400x16 VESA
u 33E 640x400x32 VESA v 310 640x480x15 VESA w 316 1024x768x15 VESA
x 313 800x600x15 VESA y 319 1280x1024x15 VESA z 30D 320x200x15 VESA

For example, set VGA as 80x60 frame buffer mode:

APPEND root=/dev/hda2 vga=0xf07 (or using vga=ask to get list like above table)

Running graphic application based on frame buffer can work properly after changing APPEND line. Programmer also
can visit http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Framebuffer-HOWTO.html for more VGA modes.

8.13. Make Your Linux Kernel

If developer wants to extend Linux kernel function, copy the kernel configuration file from X-Linux (for example, the
/etc/kernel-config/kernel-2.6.x-vertex86dx.config is kernel configuration file for Vortex86DX Linux kernel 2.6.x) to
your Linux kernel source code directory and rename it to “.config”. Then, you can make your kernel based on X-Linux
kernel. Configuration file for BusyBox is also at the same directory. Developer can use BusyBox configuration file to
make his own BusyBox.

8.14. Develop Application

X-Linux is a run-time environment for developers and does not provide tool-chain. Developers have to make their
programs on desktop PC and put them onto X-Linux to run. Refer to below section for more.

8.15. Install Application

Developers can put their program onto X-Linux device via FTP or NFS. Before running it, use ldd command on
development workstation to check dependency files. Also put relative files onto X-Linux to ensure program can run
properly. Here is an example when we put “syslinux” onto X-Linux:

- 16 -
DMP Electronics INC. DM&P X-Linux Developer's Manual

[root@X-Linux]:/sbin # ldd syslinux

linux-gate.so.1 => (0xb80a0000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0xb7f60000)
/lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0xb80a1000)
[root@X-Linux]:/sbin #

From above messages, /lib/libc.so.6 and /lib/ld-linux.so.2 are needed by syslinux. Put those two files onto X-Linux
to ensure syslinux can work properly.

For linux-gate.so.1, refer to http://www.trilithium.com/johan/2005/08/linux-gate/.

- 17 -
DMP Electronics INC. DM&P X-Linux Developer's Manual

9. Graphic Solution

We will not provide X-Linux with X-Window for our embedded products now. This is because the X-Window is
complexity and we reduce function/size to add it into X-Linux will have compatible problems any X-Window system. If
you need tiny graphic solution in your OEM/ODM project, you can contact your DMP sales for customized technical
support. For general graphic solution, you can try Puppy Linux (http://www.puppylinux.org/) or other popular Linux (ex:
Debina with graphic interface). For that, maybe you need 512MB to 1GB storage.

- 18 -
DMP Electronics INC. DM&P X-Linux Developer's Manual

10. Reference Links

Linux Kernel http://www.kernel.org/

SysLinux http://syslinux.zytor.com/
BusyBox http://www.busybox.net/
DropBear http://matt.ucc.asn.au/dropbear/dropbear.html

- 19 -
DMP Electronics INC. DM&P X-Linux Developer's Manual

11. Technical Support

For more technical support, please visit http://www.dmp.com.tw/tech or mail to soc@dmp.com.tw.

- 20 -