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Different Kinds of Network Topology in Computer Networks

There are four main types of network topologies: bus, star, ring, and mesh. The bus topology connects all devices to a single cable, the star connects devices to a central hub, the ring connects devices in a continuous loop, and the mesh connects all devices directly to each other for redundancy. Each has advantages like ease of use or fault tolerance and disadvantages like cost or single point of failure issues.

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60 views4 pages

Different Kinds of Network Topology in Computer Networks

There are four main types of network topologies: bus, star, ring, and mesh. The bus topology connects all devices to a single cable, the star connects devices to a central hub, the ring connects devices in a continuous loop, and the mesh connects all devices directly to each other for redundancy. Each has advantages like ease of use or fault tolerance and disadvantages like cost or single point of failure issues.

Uploaded by

muna cliff
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Different Kinds Of Network Topology In Computer Networks

The way in which the connections are made is called the topology of the computer network.
Now I am discussing about network topology, Network topology specifically refers to the
physical layout of the network, especially the locations of the computers and how the cable is run
between them.
Four most common topologies are:

 Bus
  Star
  Ring
 Mesh

 Bus Topology:

Bus topologies
 All the devices on a bus topology are connected by one single cable. When one computer sends
a signal up the wire, all the computers on the network receive the information, but only one
accepts the information. The rest regrets the message. One computer can send a message at a
time. A computer must wait until the bus is free before it can transmit. When the signal reaches
the end of the wire, it bounces back and travels back up the wire. When a signal echoes back and
forth along an unterminated bus, it is called ringing. To stop the signals from ringing, attach
terminators at either end of the segment. The terminators absorb the electrical energy and stop
the reflection.
Advantages and disadvantages of network topology:

 advantage of network topology

1. The bus is simple, reliable in small network, easy to use and understand
2. Requires the least amount of cable to connect the computers and less expensive
3.  Easy to extend the bus

 Disadvantage of network topology

1. Heavy network traffic can slow a bus considerably


2. Each barrel connector weakens the electrical signal
3.  Difficult to troubleshoot a bus

Star Topology:

Star Topology 
 All the cables run from the computers to a central location, where they are all connected by a
device called a hub. Each computer on a star network communicates with a central hub that
resends the message either to all the computers or only to the destination computers. Hub can be
active or passive in the star network Active hub regenerates the electrical signal and sends it to
all the computers connected to it. Passive hub does not amplify or regenerate signal and does not
require electrical power to run. We can expand a star network by placing another star hub.

Advantages:

 Easy to modify and add new computers to a star net


 Center of a star net is a good place to diagnose network faults
 Single computer failure do not necessarily bring down the whole net
 Several cable types can be used with the hub

Disadvantages:

 Central hub fails, the whole network fails to operate


 Many star networks require a device at the central point to rebroadcast or switch network
traffic.
 Costs more for cabling in star net than bus.

Ring Topology:
Ring Topology 
 Each computer is connected to the next computer ,with the last one connected to the first. Every
computer is connected to the next computer in the ring, and each retransmits what it receives
from the previous computer. The message flow around the ring in one direction. Some ring
networks do token passing. It passes around the ring until a computer wishes to send information
to another computer. The computer adds an electronic address and data and sends it around the
ring. Each computer in sequence receives the token and the information and passes them to the
next until either the electronic address matches the address of the computer or the token returns
to the origin. The receiving computer returns a message to the originator indicating that the
message has been received. The sending computer then creates another token and place it on the
network, allowing another station to capture the token and being transmitted.
Advantages:

 No computer can monopolize the network


 The fair sharing of the network allows the net to degrade gracefully as more user are
added. 

Disadvantages:

 Failure of one compute can affect the total network


 Difficult to troubleshoot
 Adding or removing Computers disrupts the network 

Mesh Topology:
Mesh Topology
 The mesh topology connects all devices (nodes) to each other for redundancy and fault
tolerance. It is used in WANs to interconnect LANs and for mission critical networks like those
used by banks and financial institutions. Implementing the mesh topology is expensive and
difficult.
 Advantages:

 Fault tolerance
 Guaranteed communication channel capacity
 Easy to troubleshoot

Disadvantages:

 Difficulty of installation and reconfiguration


 Cost of maintaining redundant link

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