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Project

This document describes an undergraduate project to design a circuit using an Arduino board to detect faults in underground power cables and determine the distance to the fault location. The circuit uses resistors to represent different cable lengths and switches to simulate faults. It measures the voltage across resistors to calculate the fault distance using Ohm's law. When a fault occurs, the location will be displayed on an LCD screen. The project aims to make cable fault finding and repair easier by identifying the exact fault location.

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Ritesh Prajapati
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156 views19 pages

Project

This document describes an undergraduate project to design a circuit using an Arduino board to detect faults in underground power cables and determine the distance to the fault location. The circuit uses resistors to represent different cable lengths and switches to simulate faults. It measures the voltage across resistors to calculate the fault distance using Ohm's law. When a fault occurs, the location will be displayed on an LCD screen. The project aims to make cable fault finding and repair easier by identifying the exact fault location.

Uploaded by

Ritesh Prajapati
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GEC GODHRA

DEPARTMENT : ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DIPARTMENT


SUBJECT : PROJECT
PROJECT TYPE : UDP
TOPIC : UNDERGROUND FAULT DETECTOR AND DISTANCE FINDER USING
ARDUINO UNO
NAME OF GUIDE : PROF. AMITA RATHOD
NAME OF PARTICIPANT : DHARMENDRAKUMAR PRAJAPATI (170600109040)
: RITESHKUMAR PRAJAPATI (170600109041)
: PRINCE SHARMA (170600109051)
: BHAVESH VASAVA (170600109060)
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
◼ MY SINCERE GRATITUDE GOES TO THIS COLLEGE TO GIVE US EXTREME CHANGE TO
REPRESENT OURSELVES WITH BETTER PROSPECTS AND A BETTER PLATFORM . I AM
VERY GRATEFUL TO MISS. AMITA RATHOD FOR HIS CONTINUES SUPPORT , FOR INITIAL
ADVICE AND CONTACTS IN THE EARLY STAGES FOR CONCEPTUAL INCEPTION AND
THROUGH ON GOING ADVICE & ENCOURAGEMENT TO THIS DAY.

◼ A SPECIAL THANKS OF MINE GOES TO MY COLLEAGUES WHO HELPED ME IN


COMPLETING THE PROJECT & AND MADE THIS PROJECT EASY AND ACCURATE. WE
ARE VERY MUCH THANKFUL TO AMITA MAM FOR HELPING US IN THESE PROJECT AND
MAKE OUR PROJECT SUCCESSFUL.
INDEX
INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT

DIFFERENT CIRCUIT COMPONENTS

UNDERGROUND CABLE & OVERHEAD CABLES

FAULTS IN UNDERGROUND CABLES

INTRODUCTION TO CIRCUIT

WORKING OF THE CIRCUIT

DESIGN ENGINEERING CANVAS


INTRODUCTION

• The objective of this project is to determine the distance of underground


cable fault from base station in kilometers using an Arduino board.
• Many times faults occur due to construction works and other reasons.
• Cables have some resistance. We are mainly focusing that resistance.
Resistance can very with respect to the length of the cable.
• Since it is extremely difficult to find a cable fault without knowing where the
cable is, it make sense to master cable locating and tracing and to do a
cable trace before beginning the fault locating process.
• Success in locating or tracing the route of electric cable and metal pipe
depends upon knowledge, skill, and perhaps, most of all, experience.
• Although locating can be a complex job, it will very likely become even
move complex as more and more underground plant is installed. It is just as
important to understand hoe to equipment works as it is to be thoroughly
familiar with the exact equipment being used.
COMPONENTS

• ARDUINO UNO
• RELAY
• RESISTOR
• TRANSFORMER
• VOLTAGE REGULATOR
• RECTIFIER
• LCD DISPLAY
• FAULT SWITCH
• BUZZER
Suitable for congested urban
areas where overhead lines
Posses no danger to It is more expensive
may be difficult or
will dlife or low flying
impossible to install
aircraft
Fault point cannot be
Low maintenance easily located
required

Can not be easily


Small voltage drops
repaired
Underground
cables
Fewer faultd It can work only 66 kv
due to installation
No interference with difficulties
communication system

Not susceptible to shaking and Erection cost of high voltage


shorting due to vibretions, wind, cable is very high
accidents, etc.
FAULTS IN UNDERGROUND CABLES

OPEN CIRCUIT FAULT SHORT CIRCUIT GAULT

• Where there is a break in the conductor of a • When two conductors of a multi core
cable, it is called open circuit fault. cable come in critical contact with each
• The open circuit fault can check by a
other due to insulator failure, it is so
megger. called short circuit fault.

• The megger will indicate zero resistance • The two terminals of a megger are
the circuit if the conductor that is not connected to any two conductors.
broken. • If the megger gives the zero reading it is
• However if the conductor is broken the indicates short circuit fault between this
megger will indicate an infinite resistance. conductors.
INTRODUCTION TO CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
• While a fault occurs for some reason, at that time the repairing process related to that particular
cable is difficult due to not knowing the exact location of the cable fault. The proposed system
is to find the exact location of the fault.
• This project use ohms law concept, when a low voltage dc is applied to the feeder end through
a series resister, then the current would differ based on the location of the fault occurred in the
cable.
• In case there any short circuit occurred from line to ground, then the voltage across the series
resister alters accordingly, then it is fed to an analog to digital converter to develop exact data,
which the preprogramed Arduino module will display in kilometers.
• The proposed system is designed with a set of resistors to signifying the length of a cable in
kilometers, and the fault creation is designed a set of switches at every known kilometers(km)
to cross check the exactness of the same. The fault happening at a specific distance and
particular phase is displayed on an LED interfaced to the 8051 microcontroller.
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF CIRCUIT

REGULATOR DISPLAY RELAY

RECTIFIRE ARDUINO
RELAY DRIVER
CONTROLLER
BOARD
TRANSFORMER
VARIABLE
RESISTOR
ARDUINO
AC SUPPLY PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGE
BUZZER FAULT SWITCHES
CIRCIUT DIAGRAM
WORKING OF CIRCUIT
• the project uses a set of resistances in series i.e. R 4, R5, R6, R7 and R8, R9, R10, R11 &
R12, R13, R14, R15 as show in the circuit diagram, one set for each phase .
• Each series resisters represents the resistance of the underground cable for a specific
distance thus 4 such resistances in series represent 1-2kms.
• 3 relays are used to common point of their contacts are grounded while the NO points are
connected to the input of the R4, R8, R12 being the three phase cable inputs.

• Fault creation is made by a set of switches at every known KM to cross check the accuracy
of the same.
• The fault occurring at a particular distance and the respective phase is displayed on a
LCD interfaced to the Arduino board.
SHORT CIRCUIT FAULT DETECTION

• Short circuit can be determined by


measuring resistance between two
cables at one end (base station).
• The value of resistance tells us the
exact location of short circuit.
• The proposed system is to find the exact location of the fault. The project
uses the standard concept of Ohms law i.e., when a low DC voltage is
applied at the feeder end through a Cable lines, then current would vary
depending upon the location of fault in the cable. In case there is a short
circuit (Line to Ground), the voltage across series resistors changes
accordingly, which is then fed to inbuilt ADC of Arduino board to develop
precise digital data for display in kilometers.
• The project is assembled with a set of resistors representing cable length in
KM’s and fault creation is made by a set of switches at every known KM to
cross check the accuracy of the same. The fault occurring at a particular
distance and the respective phase is displayed on a LCD interfaced to the
Arduino board. Further this project enhanced by measuring capacitance of
cable which can even locate the open circuited cable.
AEIOU SUMMARY
IDEATION CANVAS
EMPATHY MAPPING CANVAS
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CANVAS

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