International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE)

ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8, Issue-3, September 2019

Fuzzy Analogical Gate to Select the Best Design

of Heat Exchanger Network
M.Kaoud, S.M.Aly, M.Gouda

 (Optimization method and pinch method) had been note in

Abstract: This article shows a systematic method to choose the these researches. In HENS design Linnhoff & Hindmarsh, [8]
optimal minimum temperature in order to get a flexible HEN and by the pinch technique had presented and developed. The
more operable by utilizing the fuzzy analogical gate way for the laws of thermodynamic (first and second law) have used to
tradeoff between two cost capital and operating for a given
minimum temperature difference. By follow, three steps to choose form this method. The main goal of this proposal is
the best minimum approach temperature 1) obtain minimum maximizing the heat recovery between all steams (hot and
utilities target 2) obtain of the area of all HEN 3) fuzzy analogical cold) to decrease any external utility for reducing operating
gates to select the best minimum temperature difference. The cost and capital cost. Effective work has done on HEN
recommended method was be conducted on two case studies well synthesis applied two methods pinch & MINLP. Such
known in published literature yielded an optimum solution that is
consistent with a different approach. It is clear the fuzzy
enhancements have presented during a many articles [5-7]
analogical gate performance is completely hopeful; it is simple [11, 12, 17, and 18].
and has ability to be applied by manual calculations. Ravagnani et al. present numerous types of articles to
improve tactics for finding best HEN. Research focused in
Keywords: HEN, fuzzy gate, optimization three significant fields, Pinch Analysis, Heuristics and
Mathematical Programming, heuristic approaches of
I. INTRODUCTION optimization [14]. New ways with each technique have
conferred to be able to making getting ready to optimum
To make maximum profit from chemical plant overall. networks for actual industrial issues.
We should make excellent management through integration After present all previous methods to design optimal heat
between supply and heat elimination for process streams. exchanger network, this will give any designer Varity to select
Therefore, heat exchanger is the best equipment we can do the optimal design, but must have a tool to select the best
this because the work theory of heat exchanger depends design according to the cost. Optimal ΔTmin, area and
mainly on take heat from hot stream to make cold stream cooling and heating utility will effect on cost. One of methods
hotter and give cold stream heat to make it hotter and the other to select the optimal design is fuzzy analogical gate as will be
more cold. Based on quantities of heat we estimate required shown in this paper, how it can support the designer to take a
level and calculate area of heat exchanger. Total cost of decision.
capital and operating cost must be decreased and optimize, to problem description
obtain the best HEN design. Heat exchanger area one of the a system consist of numbers of hot streams (nh) which
factors, which effect directly in total cost. have certain of inlet temperature and target temperature (hot
Masso and Rudd [10] 1st clear design of the network steams will be cooled down ) , and numbers of cold streams
troublesome during a rigorous manner. They suggested that (nc ) which have certain of inlet temperature and target
for obtaining an optimum HEN design must be the total cost temperature (cold steams will be heated ) ,two types of
minimized. Through more than five hundred publication have streams (hot & cold) have known heat capacity flow rate .
showed we found that the cost of network in search of Cold and hot utilities must be added to the system to support
sahinidis and furman [1] is less than the rest of search because each stream to reach to sufficient target temperature. The
it made a good review on this topic. In HEN design, numerous overall purpose is defining the optimal structure of HEN the
heuristics are used. Minimization of exchangers units, utility meets the minimum yearly cost and includes the smallest
splitting the hot and cold streams are samples for these number of heat exchanger units.
heuristics. Although offered partially solution for our design
problems, general recommendation has not offered by these II. PINCH POINT LOCATION METHOD
heuristics. However, there are several publications on the To obtain the optimum minimum utility target, the
look of HENS throughout the past 3 decades. Two approaches technique will be used is pinch point location. Assume one
heating utility and one cooling utility and at pinch point, the
Revised Manuscript Received on September 25, 2019.
system will be divided to above and below the pinch, above
* Correspondence Author the pinch will be one demand heating and below the pinch will
M.Kaoud*, chemical and process engineering , suez university, suez, be cooling sink.
egypt. Email: Mohamed.kaoud@suezuni.edu.eg.
S.M.Aly, chemical and process engineering , suez university, suez,
egypt.. Email: said_1949@yahoo.com
M.Gouda, chemical and process engineering , suez university, suez,
egypt.Email: eng.m.gouda1000@gmail.com

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 Fuzzy Analogical Gate to Select the Best Design of Heat Exchanger Network
In addition, heating utility and cooling utility will achieve is a progressively complete plan, which utilizes the boundless
the required temp for process streams to be sufficient and variety of framework factors and their related qualities. This
obtain the target temperature. [9] technique widens the scope of operation of binary logic-based
Assumed this process as the following equations systems to true multi-valued logic-based systems.
For hot stream Furthermore, the design and implementation of these gates for
practical physical systems have proven to be efficient and
For cold stream simple. A symmetric and asymmetric of fuzzy analogical gate
will run in sequence. Symmetric logic gate will be used first
then follow by asymmetric gate (AND analogical gate then
Heating shortage function Include two term invoke analogical gate).
ℎ ℎ The following formula no 10 for AND analogical gate
ℎ and refer to content of heat for cold streams
above same pinch. This function can be showed as the Where ζ can be regarded as the member ship function of a
following expression function included temperature of fuzzy relation and is defined by the following exponential
process stream and flow rates. function:

The coefficients of the exponential functions are as

follows: 2.28466 and -0.89817, respectively.
The maximum value of heating series deficit function
The fuzzy invoke gate will be run by the following
is the minimum heating QH. equation:-

The coefficients of the exponential functions are as

And minimum cooling, QC follows:
a1 = 1.4749267, b1 = 0.92870491,
a2 = 2.6317713, b2 = 0.2287955.

V. CASE STUDIES.

III. HEAT EXCHANGER AREA TARGETS A. Cases study no one.

The plant in this case is one of the largest aromatics
Addition to giving the desired data to expect energy targets. complexes, which use conventional technology. The
Through composite curve, we can get very important data to feedstock is naphtha containing chiefly paraffin's and cyclo
expect network area and energy target. To seek out the paraffins to produce paraffin's and aromatic compounds by
balanced composite curve, utility stream should be containing reforming. The specifications for all streams data in table I.
with process stream through composite curve. The balanced By apply our method to calculate the optimum area, hot and
composite curves are divided into vertical enthalpy intervals cold utility energy at different min approach temperature as
wherever there is either a modification of slope on the hot and shown in fig 1 and calculate the annualizing cost with
cold composite curves. To obtain the network successive different min approach temperature as shown in fig 2. to select
equation is used to all enthalpy intervals enclosed the impact the optimum design for network we applied fuzzy analogical
of separate stream film transfer Coefficients. gate As shown in table II The best fuzzy analogical gate (τ) is
. .678 equal to ΔTmin = 25 which also give optimum TAC
equal to ($/year 3260573), the optimum network shown in fig
3. After comparison our result with previous work we found
this solution is optimum as shown in tableIII.

IV. FUZZY ANALOGICAL GATE

One of designing issues is the uncertainty. It is fundamental
point that ought to be considered preceding the choice of a
proper method to unmistakable the uncertainty. Fuzzy
analogical gate offers a numerical technique to speak to
unclearness and uncertainty in framework portrayal. [15]
Procedure control utilizations are one of the most important
of current fuzzy logic uses. Fuzzy analogical gate are a new
technique of describing several value with logic statement. It

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DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.C4790.098319
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 International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE)
ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8, Issue-3, September 2019

Table 1 plant stream data

HOT COLD
H1 H2 H3 H4 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 UTILITY UTILITY

Supply temp
TS 327 220 220 160 100 35 85 60 100 330 15
c

Target
Temp 40 160 60 45 300 164 138 170 300 250 25
c

Heat capacity
Kw/c
100 160 60 400 100 70 350 60 200

heat
transfer
Coef
0.5 0.25 0.3 0.18 0.25 0.27 0.25 0.15 0.45 0.3 0.2
Kw/m^2 C

Cost data;-
1- Interest rate(i) is 10% , life time (n) is 5 year

Factor of annulization is
2- Cost of fuel gas is 60 $/kw.yr.
3- Unit instillation cost is 10000+350(A) $.
4- Cost of cooling water is 6 $/kw/yr.

Figure 1 the effect of min approach temperature on utility energy and area

Figure 2 Relation between min approach temp and annalizing cost

Table II The summary of results by fuzzy analogical gates for aromatics plant

Δ t min μ QH μ QC μA Ϯ INDEX
15 1 1 0 0
20 0.833 0.833 0.378 0.375
25 0.625 0.625 0.666 0.678
30 0.394 0.416 0.817 0.401
35 0.208 0.208 0.915 0.1143

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 Fuzzy Analogical Gate to Select the Best Design of Heat Exchanger Network

Table III compare between result of this work and previous work.

LINH & ZHU ET

ZHU ET LEWIN LEWIN KRISHA THIS
METHOD AHMED AL. PETTERSSON[13]
AL. [19] [3] ET AL [4] [2] WORK
[5] [16]
STREAM
0 2 0 2 0 7 0 0
SPLIT
QH MW 25.31 26.22 26.83 25.09 25.69 24.27 25.88 24.48

QC MW 33.03 33.94 34.55 32.81 33.41 31.99 33.6 32.2

NO OF HEAT
13 14 10 12 11 17 15 15
EXCHANGER
2
AREA M 17400 16630 16380 17050 16880 17473 16536 13881.5
ANALIZED
TOTAL COST 2.96 2.97 2.98 2.936 2.946 2.905 2.942 2.48
M$/YR

Figure 3 heat exchanger network graid at ΔTmin = 25°C

B. Cases study no two. Table IV plant stream data.

This case is a 10 stream problem [7, 15] streams data for

H H H H H H c c c c Fuel Wa-
this case in Table IV Stream data for 10SP1 synthesis. By Stream
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 gas ter
apply our method to calculate the optimum area, hot and cold
utility energy at different min approach temperature as shown
in fig 4 and calculate the annualizing cost with different min Supply
120

125

225

200
85

56
90

40

55
65

10

15

temperat
approach temperature as shown in fig 5. to select the optimum ure c
design for network we applied fuzzy analogical gate As
shown in table V The best fuzzy analogical gate (τ) is .65948
equal to ΔTmin = 17.5 which also give optimum TAC equal
to ($/year 2647652), the optimum network shown in fig 6. Target
165

170

198
45

40

35

46
86
75

55

65

25

temperat
After comparison our result with previous work we found this ure c
solution is optimum as shown in table VI.
Cost data;-
Heat
1. Interest rate(i) is 10% , life time (n) is 10 year
1250
1500
156

467

600
180

capacity
50

24

50

81

flow rate
kw/c
Factor of annulization is
2. Cost of fuel gas is 100 $/kw.yr.
3. Unit instillation cost is 60(A) $.
4. Overall heat transf. coefficient is .025 kw/m2 k.
5. Cost of cooling water is 15 $/kw/yr.

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 International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE)
ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8, Issue-3, September 2019

QH min kw QC min kw area m^2

140000

120000 122634

100000
88711
80000
72979

60000
55513 55070
47936
40000
29669
20000 19608 20760 21911
16770 18139 19033
15399 14004 15156 16307
11166 12534 13429
9795 Figure 4 the effect of min approach temp on utility energy and area

3200000
3100000 3094696
3000000
annalized total cost $

2900000 2886186
2800000
2772154
2700000 2712084 2715645 2709445 2725868
2647652
2600000
10 12.5 15 17.5 20 22.5 25 27.5 30 32.5 35 37.5
minimum approach temperature

Figure 5 relation between min tapproach temp and analizing cost

Table V Summary of Results by Fuzzy analogical gate for 10SP1 problem

Δ t min μ QH μ QC μA Ϯ INDEX
10 1 1 0 0
12.5 0.8453 0.8453 0.3649 0.34371
15 0.6909 0.6901 0.5341 0.63163
17.5 0.59 0.59 0.722 0.65948
20 0.5252 0.5252 0.7268 0.5898
25 0.3952 0.3952 0.8035 0.40178
30 0.2653 0.2653 1 0.17228

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 Fuzzy Analogical Gate to Select the Best Design of Heat Exchanger Network
Table VI. Comparison of solutions obtained by different authors for 10SP1

case KRISHNA[2] RAVAGNANI[14] AHMED[4] PRESENT WORK

ΔTMIN 19.5 24 10 17.5

Heating utility 20745 20529 15400 19033

KW

Cooling utility 15141 14925 9796 13429

KW

Area 56085 56006 - 55513

Operating cost 2301641 2276787 1686940 2104735

$/yr

Capital cost $/yr 548513 553553 1199360 542917

Total cost $/yr 2850154 2830340 2886300 2647652

Figure 6 Optimum design for HEN at ΔTmin = 17.5°C

AS shown in table 6 the optimal HEN with cost 2104735 3. Lewin, D. R. (1998) A Generalized method for HEN synthesis using
stochastic optimisation. II. The synthesis of cost-optimal networks, vol
$/year for hot & cold utility and the total area is 55513 m2.
22(10), pp 1387–1405. edn. Computers & Chemical Engineering.
Lewin, D. R., Wang, H. and Shalev, O. (1998) A Generalized
VI. CONCLUSION method for HEN synthesis using stochastic optimization. I. General
framework and MER optimal synthesis, vol 22(10), PP 1503–1513
This article shows a systematic method to choose the edn. Computers & Chemical Engineering.
optimal minimum temperature in order to get a flexible HEN 4. Linnhoff B. and Ahmad S. (1990) Cost Optimum Heat Exchanger
and more operable by utilizing the fuzzy analogical gate way Networks – 1. Minimum Energy and Capital Using Simple Models for
for the tradeoff between two cost capital and operating for a Capital Cost, Vol. 14: pp. 729 Edn. Comp. Chem. Eng.
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ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8, Issue-3, September 2019

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AUTHORS PROFILE

M.kaoud is a process Eng. Graduated from Suez

university faculty of pet. Eng 2005 had master
degree in pipeline flow improvement, 2015.
Department head at khalda pet. Company (oil and
gas).

S.M.Aly is chemical and process Eng professor in

Suez university faculty of pet. &mining Eng. A head
of chemical Eng dept.

M.Gouda is a process Eng. Graduated from Suez

university faculty of pet. Eng. Department head at qarun
pet. Company (oil and gas).

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