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Methods of Research: Objectives

The document discusses research methods, including how to write an effective research title in 3-5 concise sentences or phrases. It also covers determining a clear research problem, formulating hypotheses to guide the study, and identifying potential sources of research problems. The goal is to capture readers' attention in a way that is relevant and interesting to the topic being investigated.

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Grace Anne Marie Marasigan
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57 views5 pages

Methods of Research: Objectives

The document discusses research methods, including how to write an effective research title in 3-5 concise sentences or phrases. It also covers determining a clear research problem, formulating hypotheses to guide the study, and identifying potential sources of research problems. The goal is to capture readers' attention in a way that is relevant and interesting to the topic being investigated.

Uploaded by

Grace Anne Marie Marasigan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Handout in

METHODS OF RESEARCH
Objectives:

1. Understand the mechanics of writing a research title;


2. Determine the characteristics of a research problem;
3. Recognize the possible sources of a research problem;
4. Discern the different types of hypothesis.

The Research Title

The title summarizes the main idea or ideas of your study. A good title contains the fewest
possible words that adequately describe the contents and/or purpose of your research paper.
The title is without doubt the part of a paper that is read the most, and it is usually read first. 

The title is perhaps the single-most important element of your research paper. It is the first
thing that journal editors and reviewers see when they look at your paper and the only piece of
information that fellow researchers will see in a database or search engine query.

Therefore, you want to make sure the title captures all of the relevant aspects of your study,
but does show in a way that is accessible and captivating to readers. Follow these steps to
create a perfect title for your paper.

The following parameters can be used to help you formulate a suitable research paper title:

1. The purpose of the research


2. The narrative tone of the paper [typically defined by the type of the research]
3. The methods used

The initial aim of a title is to capture the reader’s attention and to draw his or her attention to
the research problem being investigated.

How to Construct Your Title

Step 1: Ask yourself a few questions about your research paper

What does your paper seek to answer and what does it accomplish? Try to answer these
questions as briefly as possible, with one or two sentences each. You can create these
questions by going through each section of the paper and finding the MOST relevant
information.
Step 2: Identify and list keywords and phrases from these responses

Write down all key words that you are going to use to develop your research.

Step 3: Use these keywords to create one long sentence

Utilize all of the key words that you wrote down and attempt to write cohesively a long
sentence.

Step 4: Create a working title

To create a working title, remove elements that make it a complete “sentence” but keep
everything that is most important to what the study is about. Delete all unnecessary and
redundant words that are not central to the study or that researchers would most likely not use
in a database search.

Step 5: Eliminate all extra words or phrases to meet a suitable word count; place keywords at
the beginning and end of your title

Delete or omit all the words that you think would is not needed or would already be implied
in the content of your research work.

Characteristics of Academic Research Title

 Indicate accurately the subject and scope of the study.


 Avoid using abbreviations.
 Use words that create a positive impression and stimulate reader interest.
 Use current nomenclature from the field of study.
 Identify key variables, both dependent and independent.
 May reveal how the paper will be organized.
 Suggest a relationship between variables which supports the major hypothesis.
 Is limited to 10 to 15 substantive words.
 Do not include "study of," "analysis of" or similar constructions.
 Titles are usually in the form of a phrase, but can also be in the form of a question.
 Use correct grammar and capitalization with all first words and last words capitalized,
including the first word of a subtitle. All nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs
that appear between the first and last words of the title are also capitalized.
 In academic papers, rarely is a title followed by an exclamation mark. However, a title or
subtitle can be in the form of a question.

Characteristics of a Research Problem


There is a SMART way of writing the research problem. The SMART acronym stands for Specific,
Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time-bound:

Specific – The problem or objectives should be specifically stated. Variables that is to be


included should be specifically stated as well. For example:

 To produce fuel grade biodiesel from coconut oil.


 Assess the stream flow rate, available head and other preliminary data for small hydro
power generation on medium river.
 Develop photovoltaic cell demonstration apparatus to altering power.

Measurable – It is easy to measure by using research instruments, apparatus, and equipment in


gathering data. For descriptive research, the research instrument used in gathering data are
questionnaires, tests, checklists and observation schedules to name a few. For experimental
research, project study and feasibility study the tools and equipment utilized in the conduct of
the study are the tools to which provide measurable data.

Achievable – The data are achievable by using correct statistical tools to arrive at exact results.
Different types of research problem or objectives call for appropriate statistical tools. For
instance, in descriptive research, Pearson R Product-Moment Correlation, determines if a
variable is related with another variable.

Realistic – Real results are attained because they are gathered scientifically and not
maneuvered or fabricated.

Time-bound – Time frame is necessary in every activity because the shorter the completion of
the activity, the better.

Sources of Research Problem

 Specialization – The researcher should consider their forte and interest.


 Existing and Past Researches – Existing and past researches are rich sources of research
problems for descriptive research even for research replication using the same research
instrument but administered to different groups of subjects and different areas.
 Problems Met – Problems met by people in the workplace or work area and even
community are also sources of research problems.
 Creative Ideas of Researcher – Creative ideas from observed problems by researcher can
also be sources of research problem.

Criteria of a Good Research Problem

 Interesting – A good research problem is interesting. It attracts the attention of the


researcher so that he finds research work easy and comfortable. It inspires the researcher
to work even beyond official hours due to the enthusiasm and strong determination to
investigate until the research is completed.
 Relevant to government’s thrust – It should respond to government’s thrusts and
development programs. Examples are waste management issues, renewable energy
sources, community development among many others.
 Relevant to the Need and Problems of the People – Researchers must keep in mind that he
conducts research not for his own needs and problems but to solve the needs and
problems of other people.
 Innovative – Though replicability of conducting research is allowable, a good research
problem is new in order to attract the attention of the people and can be patented.
 Cost-effective – A good research problem must be economical and effective. The research
outputs can augment people’s income and improve the quality of life. The researcher sees
to it that the 7Ms in conducting research is well-managed.
 Inventive – An inventive good research problem is new and unique, in that research
outputs respond to the socio-economic needs of the country.
 Return on Investment – The invest-harvest principle is applied in conducting research,
meaning, if a researcher spends money in research, he also harvests or gains money so that
there is no exhaustion of budget.
 Original – An original and good research problem is the first of its kind in the world. The
results of an original research also respond to the socioeconomic needs, are patentable
and have high return on investment.
 Measurable – A good research problem is measurable. It uses appropriate research
instrument and statistical tool in collecting data.
 Time-bound – A good research problem can be completed within the time frame allotted.

Hypothesis

Based on the specific research problems, hypothesis is formulated.

Hypothesis is defined as wise guess that is formulated and temporarily adopted to explain the
observed facts covered by the study. Hypothesis guides the researcher to describe the
procedure to follow in conducting the study. Hypothesis is important because it tells
researchers what to and how to go about solving the research problem.

There are two types of hypothesis, the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis.

Null hypothesis – is a type of denial of existence of a trait, characteristic, quality, value,


correlation or difference of the result. It is always stated in the negative form.

For example:

 Specific problem – As perceived by students, is the teaching of Mathematics and English


subjects in Engineering schools in Batangas effective?
 Null hypothesis – As perceived by students, the teaching of Mathematics and English
subjects in Engineering schools in Batangas is ineffective

 Specific problem – Is there a significant relationship between the academic performance in


English to the proficiency in Mathematics of Engineering students?
 Null hypothesis – There is no significant relationship between the academic performance in
English to the proficiency in Mathematics of Engineering students

Alternative hypothesis – is the type of hypothesis which affirms the existence of observed
phenomena and is the opposite of the null hypothesis because it is stated in the positive form.

For example:

 Specific problem – As perceived by students, is the teaching of Mathematics and English


subjects in Engineering schools in Batangas effective?
 Alternative hypothesis – As perceived by students, the teaching of Mathematics and
English subjects in Engineering schools in Batangas is effective

 Specific problem – Is there a significant relationship between the academic performance in


English to the proficiency in Mathematics of Engineering students?
 Alternative hypothesis – Significant relationship exists between the academic performance
in English to the proficiency in Mathematics of Engineering students

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