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Dr. Patricia Benner

Dr. Patricia Benner introduced the novice to expert nursing model which describes 5 stages of clinical competence that nurses develop over time through education and experience. She emphasizes that practical knowledge is gained through research and understanding clinical experiences. Her theory is based on the assumptions that practice informs theory, human wisdom comes from experience, and caring is essential for coping and development.

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79 views3 pages

Dr. Patricia Benner

Dr. Patricia Benner introduced the novice to expert nursing model which describes 5 stages of clinical competence that nurses develop over time through education and experience. She emphasizes that practical knowledge is gained through research and understanding clinical experiences. Her theory is based on the assumptions that practice informs theory, human wisdom comes from experience, and caring is essential for coping and development.

Uploaded by

brylle
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Background

Dr. Patricia Benner is a nursing theorist who first developed a model for the stages of clinical
competence in her classic book "From Novice to Expert: Excellence and Power in Clinical
Nursing Practice". Her model is one of the most useful frameworks for assessing nurses' needs
at different stages of professional growth.

Dr. Patricia Sawyer Benner was born on May 10, 1955 in Hampton, Virginia. She is the middle
child of 3 children. Their family moved to California where Patricia and her sisters attended high
school. Her parents later divorced when she was in high school.

When she was in college She became interested in nursing when she had the opportunity to
work as an admitting clerk at a hospital in Pasadena, California.

in 2008 Dr. Benner retired from full time teaching, but she continued with presenting,
consulting, and visiting professorships and writing research projects.

She is currently 78 years old and the chief development officer for educatingnurses.com and
works with dr. pat Hooper on continued development of the textbook replacement learning
program

In August 1967 She married Richard Benner where they have 2 children, a son and a daughter.
Along with her husband they consult all around the world regarding clinical practice
development models.

Major Concept

Dr. Patricia Benner introduced the concept that expert nurses develop skills and understanding
of patient care over time through a sound educational base as well as a multitude of
experiences.

The novice to expert model was introduced into nursing by Dr. Patricia Benner in 1982 which
discussed how nurses develop skills and understanding of patient care over time. Dr. Benner’s
novice to expert model was derived from the Dreyfus Model of Skill Acquisition and adapted to
provide a more objective way for evaluating progress of nursing skills and subjects. The model
essentially discusses how an individual begins in the novice stage and, as new skills and
knowledge are gained, progresses through a number of stages to end in the expert realm. The
five stages of proficiency in the novice to expert model are: novice- which has no background
experience on the situation, advanced beginner- has enough experience to grasp aspects of the
situation, competent- has a sense of mastery on the given situation, proficient- the performer
recognizes whats best with his intuition with his understanding on the situation, and lastly
expert- the performer no longer relies on analytical principle to connect an understanding of
the situation to an appropriate action.
She also proposed that one could gain knowledge and skills which is "knowing how" without
ever learning the theory is which is "knowing that". "Knowing that" is the fact that a person
knows "what" happens or has happened. "Knowing how" implies that the person understands
the mechanism that makes something happen.

She further explains that the development of knowledge in applied disciplines such as medicine
and nursing is composed of the extension of practical knowledge through research and the
characterization and understanding of the clinical experience.

She conceptualizes in her writing about nursing skills as experience is a prerequisite for
becoming an expert.

now Dorothy will discuss how Dr. Benner describes the metaparadigm of nursing and the
theoretical assertions

Major Assumptions

Theory is derived from practice


- emphasizes between-how and knowing that" nurses must develop the knowledge base on
practice and through investigation and observation.

Human wisdom is more than rational calculation


- concrete moral experience and acknowledge that skillful moral comportment calls us not to
be beyond practice but to be tempered and taught by it. The relationship then, between ethical
theory and skillful ethical comportment must be a dialogue between partners, each shaping
and informing the other.

Theory frames issues and guides the practioners in where to look and what to ask
-Nursing practice as a human service practice has a specific goal of improving human health,
and has to be guided by a system of nursing knowledge that includes various sorts of theory.

Practice is a systematic whole with a notion of excellence


-Intuition is related to experience. A student would not likely experience intuition about a
patient care situation, but over time, as a nursing expertise is gained, the student may be better
able to use intuition,

Caring is basis of altruism


-Benner seeks to move away from rules, bounding care towards the individual, autonomous
judgement of practitioners inparticular circumstances. The nurse’s good decisions depend upon
her ethical stance, which also equips her to perform caring functions.

Caring is essential requisite for all coping


-Caring is the essential requisite for all coping… It helps a person to recover, to appropriate
meaning, and to maintain or reestablish connection… involvement and caring may lead one to
experience loss and pain but may also make joy and fulfillment possible.

Caring and interdependence are the ultimate goals of adult development


-Caring is ultimately necessary for human survival. caring and interdependence are the ultimate
goals of human development. They explained “To care and feel cared promotes personal and
societal health”
No practitioner can practice beyond experience
-is based upon determining the level of practice evident in particular situations. Situated
practice capacities are described rather than traits or talents of the practitioners. At each stage
of experiential learning (novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, expert)

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