Acknowledgement

First and foremost, I thank the almighty God for giving me the strength to work and acquire more
knowledge at Iluababor zone ICT. He has given me life and the courage acquires several skills.

Secondly, I would like to express special thanks to Mettu University and our department of
Information Technology for giving chance of practical attachment during my study in the campus
as well as my department gave me a good report writing guidelines.

I specially want to acknowledge Mr. Tafese Hailu ICT Managing Director office of Iluababor
zone for their tremendous support, guidance, training and advisor me during internship. I convey
my heartfelt appreciation for the advice and corrections from the beginning of this industrial
training to the end. I really appreciate all his efforts throughout our training.

At last, I would like to express gratitude to my entire family and my department of information
technology for the financial support offered during the course of this study

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Table contents

Contents
Acknowledgement........................................................................................................................................i
Table contents..............................................................................................................................................ii
List of figure................................................................................................................................................v
List of abbreviation.....................................................................................................................................vi
List of Tables.............................................................................................................................................vii
Abstract.....................................................................................................................................................viii
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................1
Importance of internship.........................................................................................................................1
Background.............................................................................................................................................2
Objectives............................................................................................................................................2
Scope of the Work...............................................................................................................................3
Main activities of the Organization......................................................................................................3
1.3 The main objective of this report......................................................................................................4
Activities.....................................................................................................................................................4
Work related...........................................................................................................................................5
Organization wide....................................................................................................................................6
Creating a secure local area network (LAN).............................................................................................6
What is a computer network?.................................................................................................................6
Network analysis and design...................................................................................................................6
Network devices used for installation.....................................................................................................7
Rack.....................................................................................................................................................7
Switch..................................................................................................................................................7
Cable Trunk Line..................................................................................................................................8
Network topology they used...................................................................................................................8
Bus Topology.......................................................................................................................................8
Ring Topology......................................................................................................................................9

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Star Topology.....................................................................................................................................10
Physical connections..............................................................................................................................11
Fiber optical cable..............................................................................................................................11
Twisted pair cables............................................................................................................................12
Arrangement of cable............................................................................................................................13
Straight Through Cable......................................................................................................................13
Cross over cable................................................................................................................................14
Materials required to install LAN & dispatched.....................................................................................14
Crimper..............................................................................................................................................15
Steps to Crimp UTP Cable in RJ_45........................................................................................................15
Other relevant activities............................................................................................................................16
Importance of video conferencing.........................................................................................................16
What are the components of a videoconferencing system and how do they work?.............................17
Component of videoconferencing.........................................................................................................17
Videoconferencing Codec Unit..........................................................................................................17
Camera..............................................................................................................................................17
Microphone.......................................................................................................................................18
Network choices....................................................................................................................................18
Cable Modem Broadband..................................................................................................................18
Digital Subscriber Link (DSL)..............................................................................................................19
Satellite (VSAT)..................................................................................................................................19
Constraints/challenges..............................................................................................................................20
Personal Challenges...............................................................................................................................20
Organization Challenges........................................................................................................................20
Academic Preparation...........................................................................................................................21
Acquired Knowledge..................................................................................................................................21
Implications to Organization/Company – Based Attachment................................................................21
Implications to University’s Internship Program....................................................................................21
Conclusions................................................................................................................................................22
Suggestions/Recommendation..................................................................................................................22
Recommendation for future interns......................................................................................................23
Recommendation for the company.......................................................................................................23

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Recommendation for my Department....................................................................................................23

References.................................................................................................................................................24
Appendices................................................................................................................................................25

List of figure

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Figure 1: modem/ADSL................................................................................................................7
Figure 2: rank................................................................................................................................7
Figure 3: switch..............................................................................................................................8
Figure 4: Trunk line......................................................................................................................8
Figure 5: Bus Topology.................................................................................................................9
Figure 6 : Ring topology..............................................................................................................10
Figure 7: star topology................................................................................................................10
Figure 8: fiber optic cable...........................................................................................................12
Figure 9: twisted pair cable........................................................................................................12
Figure 10 : straight through cable..............................................................................................13
Figure 11: crimper.......................................................................................................................15
Figure 12: videoconferencing......................................................................................................17
Figure 13 : videoconferencing camera.......................................................................................18

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List of abbreviation
OSTCA Oromia science Technology Information Communication Authority

ICT Information Communication Technology

GTP Growth and Transformation Plan

MS Microsoft Word

VSAT Very Small Aperture Small

LAN Local Area Network

ADSL Asymmetric Digital subscriber Line

ISDN Integrated Service Digital Network

PC Personal Computer

P2P Point To point

IP Internet Protocol

OCTDA Oromia Communication Technology Direct Access

TV Television

IT Information Technology

GC Gregorian Calendar

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List of Tables
Table 1: Straight through cable arrangement..........................................................................13
Table 2: cross over cable arrangement......................................................................................14

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Abstract
This report is about to explain what I did and learned during my internship period with Iuababor
Zone ICT center. As the main purpose of internship is to learn by working in practical
environment and to apply the knowledge acquired during the studies in a real world scenario in
order to tackle the problems using the knowledge and skill learned during the academic process.
I have discussed about every major aspect of the organization network, which I observed and
perceived during my internship program

This report is divided in to five sections. Section one will discuss about the background of Bahir
Dar University and ICT Development office. In section two will get the overall internship
experience of campus network design overview and basic switch configuration. Section three the
overall benefits I gained from during the internship program. The last section is conclusion and
recommendations of the previous sections which about ICT development office, main campus
data center.

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 Introduction
This report describes the activities carried out during a 2 week, fulltime internship program at
Iluabor zone ICT center

The document contains information about the organization and the activities performed
throughout the period between April and May 2021 GC. More than a plain account of tasks, the
objective of this text is to reflect upon the experiences collected during the internship from the
perspective of Information Technology student on Computer Networking and Installation.

The first part of the report offers importance of internship and background of the organization
and importance of internship followed by an outline of all the activities carried out during this
time. Following, it proceeds to describe in some detail the most relevant projects carried out and
some challenges. Finally, the report wrap up with recommendation and conclusions from the
experience.

Importance of internship
Internship is important at providing skills for students in their various fields. Some of the
various objectives why the program put in place are:

1. To provide an avenue me in institution of higher learning to acquire skill and experiences in

my course of study.

2. To prepare me for the industrial work situation they are to meet after graduation.

3. To expose me to work methods and techniques in handling equipment and machinery that may
not be available in their institutions.

4. To make the transition from the school to the world of work easier, and enhances me contact
for later Job placement.

5. To provide me with an opportunity to apply their knowledge in real work situation thereby
bridging the gap between theory and practice.

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Background

IluAbaBor ICT Development Agency is undergoing reforms to ensure all Citizens to have access
to Government services in equal and equitable way.

To this end, as a zone, the vision it set and proceed with is to see ICT assisted and improved life
of people. To achieve this vision and  become worldwide competent in the year of the Growth
and Transformation Plan (GTP), the key activities Agency have to perform is by solving the
problems with regard to ICT and create paperless Governmental Offices.  

Hence, to implement the decisive role of the ICT infrastructure development sector in line with
Good Governance, Health, Education, Agriculture, Trade and Industry services to the necessary
standards, it has become necessary to establish IuAbaBor Information Communication
Technology Development Agency as which organizes, follow up and give professional support
for all activities under it.
These tasks includes Renewing the existing status of WeredaNet service in the zone and
expanding new Network installation and Infrastructure expansion completely to avoid the
problems service delivery in the zone . From this point of view, The Directorate of Tele and
Posta have made a survey for woredas in the zone government and decide to solve the problems
of Network installation. However it is difficult to completely deliver network materials for all
woredas of the zone, the Directorate decide to deliver the material for 14 Weredas

Objectives

General objective
 Renewing the existing status of WeredaNet service in the zone and expanding new
Network installation and Infrastructure expansion completely to avoid the problems
service delivery in the zone.

Specific Objective
 To expanding new Network installation and Infrastructure expansion completely to avoid the
problems service delivery in the zone.
 To encourage and assist the woredas to handle the advantage of modern technology,

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 For installation of network installation and infrastructure for weredas.

 To help the weredas to exploite ICT Services of OICTDA and to connect them to the
word wide.
 To train ICT experts of Zone and Woreda in the concepts, principals, objectives and the
need of WoredaNet System and installation of network.
 To enable the public and the community obtain adequate and quality information that will
promote transparency and facilitate service rendering and also to ensure good governance
in the region and create an economic community which depends up on knowledge;

Scope of the Work

The scope of the Work comprise of the following components:
 OCTDA will dispatch Network(Werwda Net) devices or materials. To facilitate these.
 The zone ICT coordinators and one wereda ICT coordinator in which the Wereda
to which the Material to be dispatched will be called to our Agency and
participate on the dispatch and delivery of the material to their weredas.
 After they deliver and the material is arrived at the recommended wereda, The the
Directorate’s(Tele and posta) expert will go and check whether the materials are
really delivered to the right place.
 After the deliverance of the materials will checked the directorates of Tele and
posta, the net installation will begin by selected wereda experts,
 During the installation is going on, the directorate’s expert will operate the
supervision for all weredas where the installation is going on and the on work
training concerning the network installation and infrastructure will be given.
Because of this, the selected experts are those of new employee not more than two
years of service

Main activities of the Organization

Networking: The Company provides connection services in Network installation and connection
of different devices and computer peripherals to provide internet services in different
Organizations.
Internship programs: The Company provides internship programs for IT and computer science
students as part of the field work and to practically put class knowledge into use.

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Project documentation: Besides equipping their clients with technical knowledge, the
company goes an extra mile to introduce them to project documentation practices.
Feasibility studies, concept paper writing, memorandums of understandings are drafted and
developed.
Computer care and maintenance: The Company extends computer servicing services. That
means they perform cleaning, blowing, software updates, and security installations among others
for computer cares and fixing new parts and repair of the old parts.
Computer training: The Company provides computer training in MS word, power point,
graphics design, access, internet and basic computer maintenance training.

Presentation making: People from different organizations and companies are helped to make
presentations for meetings and workshops

1.3 The main objective of this report

The main goals of this report are to fulfill the requirements of the IT program and to present the
knowledge and information that has been achieved during the internship period under the
Sorganization.
The other important goals are as follows –
To secure the network apply switch port security, MAC address binding, Encrypted
password.
To create secure area network and distributing for their department.
To Redesign the network structure of Iluababor for efficient connectivity and load
balancing.

Activities

These tasks of Iluababor Information Technology is Renewing the existing status of WeredaNet
service in the zone and expanding new Network installation and Infrastructure expansion
completely to avoid the problems service delivery in the zone

This Woreda-net consist a government intranet, which connects federal offices,

regional offices and Woredas (districts).

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And the other importance are:-

 To establish a multi-service IP-based service by the use of Terrestrial
Broadband and VSAT infrastructure for the delivery of services to
government and the citizens.
 Towards the improvisation of Federal and Regional Government
administrative efficiency, effectiveness and productivity, as well as,
information provision and service delivery to the public at large.
 Web Service(portal , email,MIS,ORS…)
 Voice over IP ( IP-Telephony) Service
 Directory Service
 Video Conferencing
 Net meeting
 Sharing Information /data
 database
 Internet
 Extranet
 Community information center
 Centralizing Administration and Support
From this point of view, The Directorate of Tele and Posta have made a survey for woredas in
the zone government and decide to solve the problems of Network installation.

Work related
As an intern of Networking team my important responsibility was to understand the systems of
the organization. They provided necessary document to get the overview of the system and team
discussions. They assist me to understand all the terms and topic of the system.

As a chance there is no installation in that organization but, normally I seen how a secure local
area network (LAN) was created, what network topology and physical connections they used
and, how they were connecting ADSL to switches and distributed to their department.

I also attend to internet issues such as, distributing of patch cords, re-crimping of damaged
(RJ45), replacement of internet cards on clients systems, replacement of damaged switches.

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Organization wide

Creating a secure local area network (LAN)

As stated earlier, the majority of my time at Iluababor zone ICT was spent how a secure LAN
was created for the departments, offices and etc. this drew my attention majorly because the
security and integrity of the data of any organization, if compromised can cause serious
damage(s) to such organization. As such the following pages would describe the processes
involved in creating a secure LAN.

What is a computer network?

A computer network is the connection of computer systems (hardware and software) and
accessories for the purpose of resource sharing and ease of communication. A computer network
can be large enough to accommodate millions of computers and accessories (Internet) it can also
be as small as 2 computers.

Meanwhile, a local area network is a type of computer network that is confined to a limited
geographical area like Iluababor zone ICT organization, homes, cyber cafes, coffee shops etc. the
number of computers in a LAN can be just 2 and can also be as much as a few hundreds
(sometimes thousands). Basically, creating a connection (with a cable, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi)
between two computer devices defines a computer network.

Network analysis and design

Before creating anything (in this case a network of computers) it is necessary to design a logical
representation of the project to make sure it is workable. Then next, consider its feasibility. To
do this, you want to consider the financial implications of creating a network, the manpower, the
importance and necessity, the cost of maintenance and so on. In the design phase; deciding what
topology you want to use is necessary as well as, what kind of cables you would need and what
network devices you need to purchase. These would be discussed in details hereafter. Bear in
mind that, we are trying to simulate a network where the staff can share network resources and
communicate efficiently but most importantly safely, we would also attempt to make provisions
for guests to connect to the network but in a limited capacity to avoid security compromise with
the application of clients’ authentication system

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Network devices used for installation

As stated earlier, the Iluababor zone ICT to avoid the problems service delivery in the zone,
renewing the system existing called WeredaNet service in the zone and expanding new Network
installation and Infrastructure expansion completely. To expand this network installation, data
and internet is needed for WeredaNet system. This data and internet is given in Ethiopia within
the agreement of Tele Company. After the agreement, the Tele company was register their
system and give them system called modem/asymmetric digital line subscriber (ADLS) which is
used to transmitted data and internet to the switch within IP address.

Figure 1: modem/ADSL

Rack
A rack is a metal frame used to hold various hardware devices such as switches, hard disk drives,
modems and other electronic equipment.

Figure 2: rank

Switch
A switch does almost the same job the router. It distributes packets to peripherals. But most
importantly it serves as a central connection point for cables from workstations, other switches
etc.

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Figure 3: switch

Cable Trunk Line

Trunks are used to interconnect switches to form networks, and to interconnect local area
networks (LANs) to form wide area networks (WANs) or virtual LANs (VLANs). A trunk often
consists of multiple wires, cables, or fiber optic strands to maximize the available bandwidth and
the number of channels that can be accommodated. A trunk can also be a broadband wireless
link.

Figure 4: Trunk line

Network topology they used

A network topology defines how hosts are connected to a computer network. It characterizes
how the PCs and other hosts are organized, and linked to each other. There are many types of
network topology such as Bus, Ring, and Star. Each type has a different set of advantages and
disadvantages.

Bus Topology
Bus topology, with the inexpensive configuration many computers are connected by a single line
of cable. Each side of the main cable must be connected to terminals. This type of network
topology is small and very easy to connect devices together to making the network. The bus
topology uses one main cable for all the connection, and it’s usually seen in smaller networks. If
the main cable is broken, there will be a network failure such as that seen at a local office level.

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Due to the disadvantages of this small network, it cannot be suitable for universities, which
usually requires large and robust network connections. It is also very slow for sending and
receiving data because all information is transmitted only in one cable, and that cable can create
performance issues. “Heavy network traffic can slow a bus considerably because any computer
can transmit at any time. But networks do not coordinate when information is sent. Computer
interrupting each other can use a lot of bandwidth.

Figure 5: Bus Topology

Ring Topology
Another topology is the ring topology, which uses a connecting computer in a circle shape. The
source computer sends information to the cable ring, and this information searches for its
destination by accessing each computer on the ring until it gets its destination node. According to
the article “A review of Network Topology” by Jiang, “Adjacent pairs of workstations are
directly connected. Other pairs of workstations are indirectly connected, the data passing through
one or more intermediate nodes. This topology is used for LAN (Local area network) and WAN
(Wide Area Network) networks. It is very easy to install but difficult to expand and maintain.
The ring topology is very slow to send and receive data.

A drawback of this topology is that if one host shuts down or breaks down, the whole network
will go down. Also, the hardware used for connecting each device for this topology is very
expensive. This kind of topology is not useful for universities in developing countries because
those organizations do not have the resource to purchase such computers. Especially given that
the probability of network failure is very high.

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Figure 6 : Ring topology

Star Topology
The star topology is generally used for all networks whereby each device or computer is
connected to a center hub by a direct line. The center hub can be a switch, router, or server. Each
computer connects directly to the center device such as the hub, router, and server. “A star
topology is designed with each node connected directly to a central network hub, switch, or
concentrator. It is easy to add and remove a computer from the network without affecting the
network. It is easy to replace, install or remove hosts or other devices, the problem can be easily
detected-It is easier to modify or add a new computer without disturbing the rest of the network
by simply running a new line from the computer to the central location and plugging it to the
hub. Also, the cost of this network topology is less. If a computer shut or breaks down, it will not
affect other devices in the network. However, if the center device (hub) breaks down, it will
affect all the computers connected with it. This topology will be used for this design because
each computer is independent of other computers in the network, and it is less expensive than
mesh and ring topology and easy to install

Figure 7: star topology

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For the purpose of this project, the extended star topology would be implemented for the
following reasons;

Security
Good option for modern networks
Low startup costs
Easy to manage
Offers opportunities for expansion
Most popular topology in use; wide variety of equipment available

Physical connections
Cable networks are hardware materials used for connecting network devices together such as
routers to switches, computers to switches…etc. There are many kinds of network cables used to
connect devices. Such cables include optical fiber, coaxial and twisted pair cable. These cables
differ from each other in terms of cost of the network, way to install, the distance between
devices, and speed.

Fiber optical cable

Fiber optical cable is a link containing one or more optical strands that are utilized to convey
light instead of electricity. So, this type of cable is the fastest type of cabling for transferring
information from one node to another, because the speed of this kind of wire is equal to the rate
of the light which is approximately 3*108.

From this point of view Iluababor zone ICT used fiber optical cable for broadband internet. The
main importance of fiber optic are-

Can carry much more information

Much higher data rates

Much longer distances than co-axial cables

Immune to electromagnetic noise

Light in weight

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Unaffected by atmospheric agents

Figure 8: fiber optic cable

Twisted pair cables

Twisted pair cables are quite literally a pair of insulated wires that are twisted together to help
reduce noise from outside sources. There are two types of twisted pair cables

Unshielded twisted pair (UTP)

“unshielded‟ meaning it does not rely on physical shielding to block interference
most commonly used cable of the two, often utilized for both residential and business use
there are several UTP categories, which increase in bandwidth as you move up the scale,
for example:
cat1 = up to 1mbps | cat2 = up to 4 mbps | cat5e = up to 1gbps

Shielded twisted pair (STP)

„shielded‟ with a foil jacket to cancel any external interference
Commonly used for large-scale enterprises for high-end applications as well as exterior
cabling that may be exposed to environmental elements.

Figure 9: twisted pair cable

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Arrangement of cable
There are two kinds of connection used for connecting devices together. The connection depends
on the nature of device used. Those connection are crossover wired cables and straight through
cable connection.

Straight Through Cable

We used this cable to connect different type of network devices where the pins order on one end
follows the 568A pinning order and the other end of the cable follows the same 568A pinning
order. This is used to connect:-
Routers with switch
Computers with switch
Switch with hub

Figure 10 : straight through cable

Side A Side B
White orange White orange
Orange Orange
White green White green
Blue Blue
White blue White blue
Green Green
White brown White brown
Brown Brown

Table 1: Straight through cable arrangement

Cross over cable
We use this cable to connect the same type of network devices where the pins order on one end
follows the 568a pinning order and the other end of the cable follows the 568b pinning order.
That means connecting two pieces of equipment that have the same pin edge on both ports such
as connecting:-
Two computers

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Two routers
Two switch
Two personal computers
side A side B
white green white orange
Green Orange
white orange white green Table 2:
cross over
Blue Blue cable
white blue white blue
Orange Green
white brown white brown
Brown Brown
arrangement

Materials required to install LAN & dispatched

There various materials are there to install local area network (LAN) those are:-
Hammer
Fisher 6 & 12
Screw 6 & 12
Plaster shera
Hacksaw Frame
Hacksaw Blade
Glue
Drill Bit 6 & 12
Puncher
Brush
Cable tie
Conduit
Patch panel
Patch cord
Crimper
From this material practically I see only how crimper is work.

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Crimper

Figure 11: crimper

A crimping tool is a tool designed to crimp or connect a connector to the end of a cable. For
example, network cables and phone cables are created using a crimping tool to connect the RJ-45
and RJ-11 connectors to the end of the cable.

Steps to Crimp UTP Cable in RJ_45

RJ45 is a type of connector commonly used for Ethernet networking. It looks similar to a
telephone jack, but is slightly wider. Since Ethernet cables have an RJ45 connector on each end,
Ethernet cables are sometimes also called RJ45 cables. This RJ45 has Step to Crimped:-

Step_1 cut the cable by the cutter

Step 2 strip cable ends
Step 3 untwist wire ends
Step 4 arrange wires
Step 5 trim wires to size
Step 6 attach connector
Step 7 check
Step 8 crimp
Step 9 test

Other relevant activities

Even though I have seen how videoconferencing is work and its importance.

Videoconferencing is defined as:

Conducting a conference between two or more participants at different sites by

using computer networks to transmit audio and video data.
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Is an interactive tool that incorporates audio, video, and computing, and

communications technologies to allow people in different locations to
electronically collaborate face-to-face, in real time, and share all types of
information including data, documents, sound and picture. In essence
videoconferencing removes the barrier of distance that separates us.
Is a communications technology that integrates video and audio to connect users
anywhere in the world as if they were in the same room. This term usually refers
to communication between three or more users who are in at least two locations,
rather than one-on-one communication, and it often includes multiple people at
each location

Importance of video conferencing

 Save money and time.

 Build relationships.

 Communicate “face to face” where it would otherwise be impossible.

 Avoid travels.

 Teach.

 Collaborate

P2P

Zone Region

Figure 12: videoconferencing

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What are the components of a videoconferencing system and how do they

work?
 Videoconferencing Codec Unit(Tuner/receiver/Unit)

 Camera (Falcon/HD 4000/ZTE/ Radvison camera)

 Microphone (Mixer,Table top mic)

 Video Display(Plasma monitor/TV)

Component of videoconferencing
Videoconferencing Codec Unit
 The “BRAIN and HEART” of the Videoconferencing System.

 It is also known as the Coder-Decoder.

 This component takes the video and audio from the camera and microphone or
audio sub-system and Compresses it down, transmits it over an IP network and

 Expands (or DECompresses) the incoming video and audio signal so that it can
be viewed on a display device.

Camera
 A camera is necessary to send images of your venue to recipients.

 It is optional when you join a hosted video conferencing session.

 HD cameras are preferred and offer both the largest images and highest
resolutions

Figure 13 : videoconferencing camera

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Microphone
Most group and room videoconferencing systems come with an analog microphone pod designed
to work best with a small group of people

 An Omni Directional Microphone which picks up sound equally well from all
directions.

 It has 360 degrees of voice pick up and an Integrated Mute button(RADVISION

and HUAWEI)

 A Unidirectional microphone is sensitive to sounds from only one direction.(ZTE

and FALCON)

Network choices
There are currently three major connection types available to just about everyone in Ethiopia.

 Cable Modem Broadband

 Digital Subscriber Link (DSL)

 Satellite (VSAT)

Cable Modem Broadband

 There are two type of cable;

 Coaxial and

  optic fibre (1Gbps+)

 The first one is used by cable TV and that is common for data communication.

 Fibre-optic cables are strands of a special optical material as thin as a human hair that
carry data ( files, videos .. ) over long distances. Now, there is not electrical signal. In
Optical fibres data are carried as light signals

Digital Subscriber Link (DSL)

 This is a connection using your phone line and a special modem.
The two main categories of DSL for home subscribers are :-

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ADSL(Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line )

 Supports data rates of from 1.5 to 9 Mbps when receiving data (known as the
downstream rate) and from 16 to 640 Kbps when sending data (known as the
upstream rate).

SDSL(Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line )

 Technology that allows more data to be sent over existing copper telephone lines
(POTS).
 supports data rates up to 3 Mbps.
 SDSL is called symmetric because it supports the same data rates for upstream and
downstream traffic.

Satellite (VSAT)
 VSAT networks provide user with simple equipment that requires minimal
installation and repair. They are easy to operate and simple to troubleshoot.
 If you live in a rural area or a spot where other options are not available (as I do),
then this is probably your only hope for a high-speed connection.
Benefits of VSAT Networks
 Huge Geographical Coverage
 No ‘line-of-site’ problems
 Extremely reliable (99.9% Up time) and Reliable data broadcast or
multicast
 Single Vendor and Easy to deploy
 Supports multiple applications: Video, Data, Voice
 Reliability and ease of maintenance.
 proven and robust technology, with high user satisfaction;
This is the connection that carries data between video systems communicating with one another. Most
High Definition videoconferencing systems require 1M of symmetric bandwidth.

 ISDN - Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is offered by many telephone companies that
provides fast, high-capacity digital transmission of voice, data, still images and full-motion video
over the worldwide telephone network. Connects sites utilizing the H.320 standard.

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 IP - Connects sites utilizing the H.323 standard

Videoconferencing systems based on IP rather than ISDN offer several advantages, the main one being
that many people already have a connection to an existing IP infrastructure

Constraints/challenges
I couldn’t have asked for a better internship experience. Working in Iluababor zone ICT helped
me explore the real job life and how a multinational company operates. This has been by far the
most interesting and cherish worthy experience of my life. Yet there were some issues and
problems encountered and identified while the internship program.

Personal Challenges
The internship period was too short. I could at times work overtime extensions in order to
accomplish particular tasks, but still time was not enough to accomplish the school
management system project development as earlier planned.

Apart from the above and other minor challenges such as limited finances to cater for lunch,
travels, the field attachment went on smoothly.

Organization Challenges
Some organization challenges are:-

 Lack of networking tools. They have only crimping tools.

 Lack of new network installation. As a chance that organization has no new network
installation during my internship. This is affect me as I does not do practically.

 Some networking tools like testing tool were missing at the company. This slowed down
the termination process as we were unable to identify some wrongly terminated cables
during the exercise.
 Small working environment which leads to congestion during the process of the training.

Academic Preparation
Obviously the academic theoretical knowledge was helpful to understand IT architecture and
operation. But for the task I was assigned required some advanced knowledge on Networking.

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Acquired Knowledge
When I started my internship in Iluababor zone ICT, I was totally new to the environment. But
I was always enthusiastic to learn about new things. As a fresher, I felt challenges how this
huge amount of data is monitored and kept on running. But day by day, I was habituated and
felt self-confident. Therefore, it was hard and challenging for me to adapt with this daily
routine. Although it is always difficult and challenging to learn new things but I think that, I
was able to cope with these challenges

Implications to Organization/Company – Based Attachment

Internships are practical activities that develop our knowledge and experiences through practices
work .this the best way acquired knowledge than theoretical part.
The knowledge we acquired are:
 how a cable are putted inside trucker to connected a node
 how we design logical implementation of network infrastructure
 how we arranged straight through cable and cross-over cable
 how we crimp a cable to RJ-45 using crimper
Generally I practice how to install network in an organization and any individual person’s house
starting from node to only the switch

Implications to University’s Internship Program

The college of Engineering and technology of Mettu University requires its students to
undertake an industrial training, referred to as an internship/ professional training program in a
technology related environment, as a requisite for the partial fulfilment of a Bachelor Degree
with Honors in Information Technology. And also help me as I able to apply what I have
learned from the classroom to an actual work experience. The analysis of the theory taught in
classroom and its application in practice also is showed in the internship paper.

Conclusions

Mettu University sends out students for field attachment with the main objective of enabling
the students to get hands-on real-life experiences in environments they are expected to work in

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when they graduate. Iluababor zone ICT was well prepared to take internees for field
attachment in computer and network installation.

Based on this, this internship gives me the experience, skill and knowledge on my job
application for the work activities performed professionally. Because practical attachment means
changing theory to practical work, therefore, this attachment helps to find the job opportunity
practiced in different organization to change better information accessibility in the public
services.
During stay in internships I have observed so many professional activities and learn as well. This
internship was very fruitful to me because I had to know what I apply during installation. I also
learn new concepts and new ways of working. During this internship period I acquired practical
experience to complement the theoretical content of our study in the class, network cable
installation, network cable punching and installation using network materials.
To conclude, I think that this internship was very beneficial to me as I learnt a lot, and it made
our discover work's in a real world.
In generally, this practical attachment develops the ability, knowledge, experience and skill of
me to recognize relevant information to the society.

Suggestions/Recommendation

Recommendation for future interns

 Student should always ensure good supervisory relationship as this is very important to
the successful completion of your degree..
 They get into the habit of documenting whatever task you do on daily basis. This is
because records made are not only important and useful when writing your report, but
also very important as a reference in future when faced with similar tasks

Recommendation for the company

 I recommend that the company should improve on the infrastructure because its current
office is too small which leads to congestion during working hours.

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 The company should also buy other networking equipment’s especially a tester, Rooters,
and more switches so that the future internee’s can gain much in the networking field.
 The company should employ more instructors who are good at network installation to
avoid over relying on one instructor in that field.

Recommendation for my Department

 The department should sent supervisors as always visit students in their various places of
attachment.
 The department should always liase with industries, firm and companies where the
students are doing their industrial training to check and improve their facilities.
 The department should advice the Instructor as they finish theirs course in effectively
before us internee.

References

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Appendices

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