WEB-BASED ONLINE EXAMAMINATION SYSTEM FOR

TEACHERS TEACHING COLLEGE at FICHE

HARAMBEE UNIVERSITY
FITCHE SELALE CAMPUS
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

BY
STUDENT’S NAME ID NUMBER

1. HANA DESALGN 8019

2. YOHANIS ASEFA 8034
3. SENAIT FIKADU 8028
4. KINFU GADISA 8021
5. MISRAK NEGASHU 8025
6. DIRIBE ABEBE 8037
7. ABEZU SEYOUM 8002

PROJECT ADVISOR: Nigatu Almaw (MSc.)

Fitche, Oromia, Ethiopia

Feb, 2024
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

First of all, we would like to thank our almighty of God, who gives us love, patience, health, wisdom
and the ability to walk through all the problems and obstacles during the period of our study. We want
to thanks and appreciate our Parents for their support financially, morally and by everything and also
for their praying to us. We wish for them, almighty God, grants them a long life to enjoy the fruit of
their labor. Then our special thanks to our advisor Mr. Nigatu Almaw for his constructive opinion and
willingness to participate in each part of our project and his effective direction, assistance and guidance
for the accomplishing of this project and the employee’s in the organization for their approbation of the
information. We thank our friends and for their good wish whose name was not mentioned, we say our
Lord bless you for what you have done to us.

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Table of Contents

Table of Contents..........................................................................................................................3

List of Figures...............................................................................................................................6
List of tables..................................................................................................................................8
ABSTRACTS..........................................................................................................................10
1. CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION...................................................................11
1.1 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................11
1.2 Background of the Organization...............................................................................12

1.2.2 Vision of FTTC.........................................................................................................13

1.2.3 Mission of FTTC.......................................................................................................13

1.3 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT......................................................................13

1.4 PROBLEM STATEMENT.......................................................................................13

1.4.2 General Objective......................................................................................................14

1.4.3 Specific objective......................................................................................................14

1.5 Scope and limitation of the project...........................................................................14

1.6 Significance of the project........................................................................................15

1.7 Target beneficiaries of the system.............................................................................17

1.8 Methodology for the project......................................................................................17

1.9 Data Source...............................................................................................................18

1.10 Systems Analysis and Design...................................................................................19

1.11 Development Tools and Technologies......................................................................20

1.11.1 Front end technologies...........................................................................................20

1.11.2 Backend Technologies...........................................................................................20

1.12 Methodology of the Project......................................................................................20

1.13 Budget and Time Schedule of the Project.................................................................22

1.13.1 Budget of the Project................................................................................................22

1.13.2 Time Schedule of the Project....................................................................................24

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 1.14 Team Composition....................................................................................................24

1.15 Document Organization............................................................................................25

Chapter Two: Description of the Existing System..................................................................26

2.1 Introduction of Existing System................................................................................26

2.2 Players in the existing system...................................................................................26

2.3 Major functions/activities in the existing system like inputs, processes & outputs..26

2.4 Forms and other documents of the existing systems.................................................26

2.5 Drawbacks of the existing system..........................................................................28

2.6 Business Rules of the existing System......................................................................28

3 CHAPTER THREE: PROPOSED SYSTEM......................................................30

3.1 Functional requirements............................................................................................30

3.2 Non- functional requirements....................................................................................30

3.2.1 User Interface and human factors.............................................................................32

3.2.2 Hardware consideration............................................................................................32

3.2.3 Security Issues..........................................................................................................33

3.2.4 Performance consideration........................................................................................33

3.2.5 Error handling and validation...................................................................................33

3.2.6 Quality Issues............................................................................................................34

3.2.7 Backup and Recovery...............................................................................................34

3.2.8 Physical environment................................................................................................34

3.2.9 Resource issues.........................................................................................................34

4 CHAPTER FOUR: SYSTEM ANALYSIS...........................................................35

4.1 System models..........................................................................................................35

4.1.1 Use case model..........................................................................................................35

4.1.2 Use Case Description................................................................................................36

4.2 Object model.............................................................................................................43

4.2.1 Data Dictionary.........................................................................................................43

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 4.3 Dynamic model.........................................................................................................49

4.3.1 Sequence Diagram....................................................................................................49

4.3.2 Activity Diagram.......................................................................................................51

4.3.3 State Diagrams..........................................................................................................53

5 Chapter Five: System Design................................................................................65

5.1 Introduction...............................................................................................................65

5.1.1 Purpose of the system................................................................................................65

5.1.2 Design goals..............................................................................................................65

5.2 Current software architecture....................................................................................66

5.3 Proposed system architecture.....................................................................................66

5.3.1 Overview...................................................................................................................66

5.3.2 Subsystem decomposition.........................................................................................67

5.3.3 Hardware/software mapping.....................................................................................68

5.3.4 Persistent data management......................................................................................69

5.3.4.1 Mapping.................................................................................................................69

5.3.4.2 Database Design....................................................................................................71

5.3.5 Access control and security.......................................................................................72

5.3.6 Global software control.............................................................................................72

5.3.7 Boundary conditions.................................................................................................72

5.5 Component Diagram.................................................................................................74

5.6 Deployment Diagram................................................................................................75

References...................................................................................................................................76

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 List of Figures

Figure 1.12. Web Engineering Process (http://www.google.com) 10

Figure 4.1.1.A – Administrator use case diagram 27

Sequence Diagram 37

Sequence diagram 1. 37

Sequence diagram 2 38

Activity Diagram 39

Activity diagram 1. 39

Activity diagram 2 40

Diagram4.1.3.2 Class diagram 36

Figure 4.2.3.A. Admin Login state diagram 41

Figure 4.2.3.C. Admin customize students state diagram 42

Figure 4.2.3.D. Admin Add new exam questions state diagram 43

Figure 4.2.3.E. Admin customize exam questions state diagram 43

Figure 4.2.3.F. Admin Lock exam questions state diagram 43

Figure 4.2.3.G. Admin Unlock exam questions state diagram 44

Figure 4.2.3.H. Admin view students results state diagram 44

Figure 4.2.3.J. Admin delete students state diagram 45

Figure 4.2.3.I. Admin configure email state diagram 45

Figure 4.2.3.J. Student Login state diagram 46

Figure 4.2.3.K. Student upload photo state diagram 46

Figure 4.2.3.L. Student change login password state diagram 47

Figure 4.2.3.M. Student read exam instruction state diagram 47

Figure 4.2.3.N. Student take exam state diagram 48

Figure 4.2.3.O. Student view another students state diagram 48

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User interface (navigational paths and screen mock-ups) 49

Figure 4.3.4.1. Database mapping 61

Figure 4.3.4.2. State Diagrams 41

Figure 4.3.1. Software architecture 58

Figure 4.3.2.1. Subsystem decomposition 59

Figure 4.3.3.1. Hardware/software mapping 60

Figure 4.3.4.2. Database diagram 62

Figure 4.6.1. Deployment Diagram 66

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List of tables

Table 4.1.3.A. Course 28

Table 4.1.3.B. Load Exam Question 28

Table 4.1.3.C. Login 29

Table 4.1.3.D. Register Student 30

Table 4.1.3.E. Take Exam 30

Table 4.1.3.F. Take Exam 31

Table 4.1.3.G. Post Exam 31

Table 4.1.3.H. View Site 32

Table 4.1.3.1.A. User info 34

Table 4.1.3.1.B. Course 34

Table 4.1.3.1.B. result info 34

Table 4.1.3.1.B. Exam 35

Table 4.1.3.1.B. School info 35

Table 4.1.3.1.B. School mail 35

Table 4.1.3.1.B. Region 35

Table 4.1.3.1.B. exam state 35

Table 4.1.3.1.B. tokens 35

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 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

Abbreviations Description
CSS Cascading Style Sheets
GUI Graphical User Interface
HTML Hypertext Markup Language
MD5 Message-Digest 5 Algorithm

MySQL My Structured Query Language

OOA Object-Oriented Analysis
OOD Object-Oriented Design
PHP Hypertext Preprocessor
UI User Interface
HU Harambee University
CRUD Create, Read, Update, Delete

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 ABSTRACTS

The project target is to develop Online examination system for FTTC. Specifically, the
purpose of the project is to change the manual examination System to a web based Online
examination system. The project enhances, organizes, and makes examination accessible
for students and Admin based on their role. For the user of the project, different levels of
privileges are given to use and get service. A user of the project includes Admin, students
and user/visitor. Each of them has their own role of privileges to use and operate the
system. The admin use admin id and password to login into the system. And also, the
admin has the right to register students, add examination questions, and register, edit &
update student information and register & add Courses.

The students use user id and password to view and take their examination on the trainee
page, viewing their exam result. The students have the privilege to submit the exam they
take. The visitors / users use the home page to view and access the information on the
system.
Online examination system brings an enormous improvement over the old system, massive
paper-based method, which can reduce effort and stationary cost. In much the same way, we
hope our project will improve over the currently paper-based Education sector. This
Online examination system radically reduces the work and costs involved by getting rid of
paper.

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 1. CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, the application of ICT is introduced at several domains of fields. Its’ multidimensional
benefits are becoming more visible from time to times. The economic benefit gained from the
technology is the most significant one. Furthermore, it helps to increase the qualities of the work,
reduces the complexities of tasks, keeps the security of data in most favorable condition, makes data
transfer easier. ICT role is wide, starting from low level systems to high level business and governmental
applications. The academic institutions are used to manage their academic process; making system
online can be taken as one example that shows the application of ICT to the college and higher academic
institutions. Similarly, ICT can play its role for governmental applications. Education system forms the
backbone of every nation [1]. And hence it is important to provide a strong educational foundation to the
young generation to ensure the development of open-minded global citizens securing the future for
everyone. Advanced technology available today can play a crucial role in streamlining education-related
processes to promote solidarity among students, teachers, parents and the school staff. Education is
central to development. It is one of the most powerful instruments for reducing poverty and inequality
and lays a foundation for sustained economic growth. Student evaluation, submissions, teaching-learning
process, education material distribution and availability, event and information communication across to
students, teachers and parents, and make them easily accessible on the Internet. In order to facilitate and
simplify these actions one of the major tools is to have online exam management system.
On-line Exam System is very useful for higher educational college to prepare an exam, safe the time
that, automate the result to check the exam paper. Online examination is being launched because a need
for a destination that is beneficial for both colleges and students. With this system, colleges can register
and host online exams. Students can take exams and view their results automatically. This system is an
attempt to remove the existing flaws in the manual system of conducting exams. Online exam system
fulfills the requirements of the colleges to conduct the exams online to the students. They do not have to
go to any software developer to make a separate site for being able to conduct exams online. Students
can take exam without the need of going to any physical to the destination. They can view the result at
the same time. Thus, the purpose of the web application is to provide a system that saves the efforts and
time of both the colleges and the students.
It will help the college to give the examination online for students who are very far from the FTTC main
campuses without coming to FTTC physically. But the disadvantages for this system, difficult to register
the students online since the students can compete in their respective regions according to the given cotta
by Oromia education bureau. And needs number of computers with connected internet in every

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education colleges. The effective use of "On-line exam System", any educational college or higher
institution can be use it to develop their strategy for giving the exams, and for getting better results in
less time.
Online examination itself represent the examination through the internet. This project will help the
institution to evaluate the question which have multiple option with one correct answer. The College can
conduct the Online examination and announce the status/ result in a few minutes and announces
examination date as well as enrollment days. This is the era of computer and we are adopting fast
mechanism to solve any problem. On line examination [2] is also a way to give result as soon as they
submit examination paper.

For the future, the Online examination system project will bring significant changes to the FTTC. It will
manage the previous problem faced by the Education sector, the regional education agency/bureaus. The
system will allow every student to take the exam in an internet-based network infrastructure, meaning
that any student with proper privilege can take the exam in their own cluster inside the internet. We, as a
6th semester student of BSc is making this project by taking help from project already working and
tested applications as well as making our own set of improvements and modifications. This Software
project is very much helpful to students who’s joining the FTTC, Course Students and Exam controller/
Invigilator. It stores the information about Students, Exams Results, Student’s details in the system
database. As we know that this software project is coded in PHP programming language, it is user
friendly. That means this system is easy to operate. Even a person having less knowledge of computer
can easily operate it and use it.
This project is a best effort of changing in paper work to computerized methods. This application is
divided into many modules, and each module is related to different part of code. This integration makes
the project very user friendly. Another advantage of this system is the database that is designed very
strongly, the current and previous information is stored in this database and maintain the database very
easily since we are using MYSQL.
1.2 Background of the Organization
Education is one of the Oromia regional state’s education institute located in North Showa Zone, which
is 112 far away from the capital city Addis Ababa. The college was established in importance to meet
the ultimate goals of the new education and training policy of the Federal Government of Ethiopia
(1994), which gives the regional states the right to develop and coordinate their own education system.
Thus, Fitche college of Teachers Education was established in 2013 with the intention of providing
education and training both in pre-service and in-service programs for primary school teachers. The
Oromia regional state has been building additional 52 blocks for more intake capacity. The College is
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 now three years old. Within these years it is training more than three thousand students in regular,
extension and summer program.
In order to promote a culture of achievement; the roles and responsibilities are clear, actively promoting
the College’s Student Code of Conduct, recognizing and celebrating excellent performance, and to
insure effective communication, there should be a charter that govern the practices, roles and
responsibilities, decisions and activities in all academic and non-academic affairs of the college. On the
other hand, the charter itself is subject to regulation of the college issued by the council of Oromia
regional state No.144/2004. To this end, the charter enclosed; Policy Making and Executive Organs of
the College with their roles and responsibilities; Staff Affairs; and Student Affairs and prepared by
Fitche College of Teachers Education board and will be submitted and approved by Oromia Education
Bureau.

1.2.2 Vision of FTTC

 The college aspires to be the center of excellence in producing primary school competent teachers,
who are knowledgeable, skillful and have good personality and could be role model in the country.

1.2.3 Mission of FTTC

 The college is committed to produce competent, capable and confident primary school teachers who
have academic knowledge, sufficient professional and research skills, with democratic ideals.

1.3 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

Online Examination System is a system that many educational institutions and all users of the system
can benefit from it as we have mentioned above. Many academic institutions use various paper materials
and pens to process the manual examination. But in this system, it provides the student information,
exam questions, and college information’s and Course can be stored in the system database. It be
conducted through the website to remote students. The system will evaluate the answers automatically,
either its correct or not and will display the result to the students.

Today many organizations are conducting online examinations worldwide successfully and issue results
online since we are living virtual space. There are advantages and disadvantages in online exam. The
advantage is that it can be conducted for remote students, which means that to the students in different
regions.

1.4 PROBLEM STATEMENT

The current system of FTTC has problems of providing efficient and effective services to students
related to give the exam, exam result, report generation and managing student’s information. Since it is

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manual system of registering, preparing examination, searching and retrieving data of students in manual
system takes too much time, effort and also requires extra data storage rooms. In addition to this it is
difficult to add some additional requirements to the existing stored data because the existing system is
not flexible.

There is no highly restricted control and security mechanism for student’s when examination paper is
distributed, so examinations papers can be answered and result can be modified by unauthorized person/
collogues, no automated and computerized systems of examination checking databases for the FTTC.

⯍ The Colleges main campus announce to Oromia education bureau to host the teachers from all over
the zone to upgrade their education. The Oromia Agency send letter to every zone in Oromia region, the
zone competes their teachers according to the criteria of education upgrading sent the response to the
education agency. And the students who are selected from their respective zone come to the FTTC main
campus to take the examination and going back to their schools without knowing their examination
results.
1.3 Objective of the project
1.4.2 General Objective
The general objective of this project is to analyze, design and develop enhanced Online examination
system for FTTC at Fiche Town.
1.4.3 Specific objective
 To make the system interactive to the students.

 Develop an easy administration part.

 Designing back-end database to the system that can hold all the Information of students form for
registration and examinations.
 Designing database for student information system.

 Designing database for examination questions.

 Implement security facility for the system.

 Creating the system that automates exam system.

 Designing the system that retrieving of information from database are based on the role of user
account.

1.5 Scope and limitation of the project

This project used for FTTC to uploading examination questions, registering students and generating

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report done in admin dashboard only which means that for the sake of security student cannot registered
online. This system is designed for students/users, teacher, and FTTC manager to minimize the workloads,
but all process is done by admin of the systems this means that no methods of decentralizing roles. The
system is including the Course teachers and other FTTC staffs besides to prepare examination papers.
Additionally, only the exam administrator and authorized student are privileged to update the records
and take the examination system online.

This project is aimed to solve the major problems faced in conduction the exam system in Teachers
Teaching Education colleges. The scope of this project is bounded with:

 Register Student information online.

 Upload exam and its answers online.

 Update & upload the profile picture of students.

 Update the news of the colleges.

 Can be used anywhere any time as it is a web-based application (user Location doesn’t
matter).
 Allow the student to choose the answer and to see his/her mark.
limitation of the Project
 The system only designed to educational colleges.

 Examination types can support only multiple choices questions.

 Doesn’t allow the student to register online.

1.6 Significance of the project

The significance of the project is that it will bring to light the relevance of adopting Online
examination system for students selected from all Oromia regions or any other students those are
joined the college and who want join the FTTC. It will help college to solve the present challenges
they are facing in giving exam for students. It will also save the time and cost of man power
participated in the examination and resources needed to duplicate the examinations. In addition, other
students who wants to join the college for upgrading themselves from industry and individuals can
take the exam online without visiting the colleges physically. This project will provide the users to
access information and improves the efficiency of the FTTC exam thereby decreasing the work load
and resources needed to prepare, and to check exam service to students.
A system, Online examination is to be designed to conduct online exam. Unlike other online
examination systems this web application should not only for the students, instead it should also
15
provide facility to colleges to host online exams.
This will help colleges as:

 There will be no need to get new software every time to conduct an online
exam
 Minimize the work load and paper based as well as man power of the

colleges.

 Minimize top management reporting mechanism to the stake holder and FTTC.
Also, like other online web application, it will help students by:

 Saving the extra time of going too far away from exam center.

 Students need not wait for their results.

 Minimize money and working time for travelling to the main campus to take
the exam.
This web application, will remove the flaws of existing Manual Systems like:

 Reducing the manual labor (decreases overheads).

 Avoiding mistakes due to human error (accurate).

 Will increase efficiency and save time.

 Will allow neat handling of data rather than error prone records.

The colleges exam administrator will register himself and students with a unique login name and
password, the unique id and password will be generated by the system.
After login Administrator:

 will enter to the system and register students.

 Add exam questions and edit.

 Add course and Courses.

 View reports like passed and failed students.

 Administrator will be able to view the students list along with their
respective results.
 Configure emails.

 Add school information’s and logo of the colleges.

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  Delete and edit the registered students. students/Students/users:
 Login to the system in their own username and password.

 They should be able to read exam instructions.

 They should be able to take the exam as per the details entered by respective
exam admin.
 They should be able to view their score after they submit.

 They should able to view other registered students.

1.7 Target beneficiaries of the system

This project designed to benefit the following institutions and individuals in different aspects.

⯍ Education teachers

⯍ Education leaders

⯍ Education Colleges

⯍ Students of FTTC

⯍ Top management of the colleges

This website reduces the manual work, maintaining accuracy, increasing efficiency and saving time.
Also, colleges need not go to develop a new software each time, instead they just register and conduct
online examination. For students, it saves time of going too far away from their working place and
also, they can view their result automatically when submit exam to the system.
The systems provided benefit like decreasing cost of transport for education teacher’s students from
all over the country and also decrease the wastage of paper, other resources for exam preparations and
minimize communication takes place by Admin staffs as well as labor cost of man power. Online
examination system minimizes the work load of the employees of the FTT Colleges.
The benefits we have pointed out the system development are the following: -
 Easily access examination held throughout the college.

 Increased flexibility

 Increase speed of activity

 Improves the confidence of the examinee

 Minimize time & cost for students as well as for the college.
1.8 Methodology for the project
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The object-oriented approach views a system as a collection of self-contained objects, including both
data and processes or it is an approach to the solution of problems in which all computations are
performed in the context of objects.

In object-oriented approach a running program is seen as a collection of objects collaborating to

perform a given task, in this approach:
⚫ Procedures are De –emphasized
⚫ A system is made up of objects
⚫ Users can more easily understand objects
The major characteristics of object-oriented SAD approach; - Classes, Objects and Attributes.

A class is the general template we use to define and create specific instances, or objects. Every object
is associated with a class.

In our systems: Administrator, Student/Students, Examination, Course, Region, Result, School

information are class.

Each object has attributes that describe information about the object, such as a student name, region,
e-mail, photos describes one student. The state of an object is defined by the value of its attributes
and its relationships with other objects at a particular point in time.

1.9 Data Source

Fact Finding Techniques

For the purpose of requirement gathering and determination of the system both primary and
Secondary sources of data are used. Primary data source includes: interviewing employees of the
FTTC system stakeholders, and observation of the current work process. To get the necessary data for
the effective development of the system we used different data collection methodologies in different
context. Among the different methodologies we used the following methods-
Interviewing

 An interview is a planned meeting during which we obtain information from another person.
The personal interview is often the preferred information gathering technique when
developing business and user requirements. This is done with previous students who take the
examination in this college as well some of the college Students.
Observation

 Observation is a technique that enables the analyst to view how processes and activities are

18
 being done in the context of the business. This additional perspective can give a better
understanding of system procedures. It is sometimes worthwhile to read procedure manuals to
find out how things should be done. We tried to observe the actual operations of the existing
system in FTTC and interaction between different stake holders within the college.

Document analysis

 To achieve the main goal of the project, review of working documents, manuals and
procedures on steps of giving the exam and the process takes place before giving the
examination for the students. Reviewing documents is the process of searching, finding and
extracting information from documents which have been created and used by the organization
we are trying to automate.

1.10 Systems Analysis and Design

The system development of this project that we planned to use is a web engineering process to
analyze and design to develop the system [2][4]. The reasons to use web engineering process
approach are it has nature of:
 Reusability of code
 Simple to implement
 economical to use resources
 system is protected from unauthorized user
 portable if it can run in different environments
 Easy to adopt changes at any level, simple and easy Models of the real world.
The following figure shows the web engineering process.

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 Figure 1.12. Web Engineering Process (http://www.google.com)

An application will be accessed through a web browser interface. The interface would be viewed best
using 1024 x 768 and 800 x 600 pixels’ resolution setting. The system would be fully compatible with
Microsoft Internet Explorer and any another web browser. No user would be able to access any part of
the application without logging on to the system beside to the homepages news by the colleges.

1.11 Development Tools and Technologies

We used different Software, languages, and hardware to complete the overall system.

1.11.1 Front end technologies

The user interface is developed using HTML5, CSS, JAVASCRIPT for making interactive Web applications.

1.11.2 Backend Technologies

For the back-end application, we used a MySQL5.7 and XAMMP server to configure a MySQL database
and to use PHP applications for easy configuration and maintenance. The server-side scripting: PHP
Version 7.3.9 and the reason behind PHP:
 Ease of database connectivity.
 PHP is platform-independent.
 It is a user-friendly language.
 Open-source general-purpose scripting languages that are especially suited for web development and
can be embedded into HTML.
The reason behind MYSQL:
 Easily compatible with the programming tool indicated above. Relatively secure than the previous
database tools and offers exceptional security features that ensure absolute data protection.

1.12 Methodology of the Project

1.12 Documentation and Modeling Tool
1.12.1 Hardware requirements
For successful completion of our system, we would use the following Hardware.
Table 1.1 Hardware Tools Table
Hardware Tools description

Computer (laptop)  Processor: Intel(R) Core (TM) i7-3220 CPU @ 3.30 GHz
 RAM: 8GB HDD: 1000GB (1,Tera byte)

Hard disk  External 2 tera byte

Printer Hp laser jet M401 dne: To print some document
Paper A4 size for notify some files
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Flash 64 G.b To transfers and store data

1.12.1.1 Software requirements

Software tools: are software which installed on a computer for a different purpose from
documentation up to the implementation. We describe the software tools we use in the table below
Table 1. 2 software Tools Table
Software Tools description

Windows operating system Windows 11 Pro 64-bit (10.0, Build 22631) (22621.ni_release.220506-
1250)
Micro soft office Micro soft office 2019
For documenting the corresponding deliverables associated with the
project
Visual studio code For edit for code

Adobe photo shops Adobe photo shop CSS6

For design user interface
XAMPP To run codes
Notepad ++ To search codes offline
UML diagram software Enterprise Architect, Visio 2019 and End raw max
For design UML Diagrams

Generally, to develop the project, we used tools like enterprise architecture to model and design the
project, adobe Dreamweaver for coding of the project, Microsoft word for document preparation,
MYSQL for database design, table creation.
System development Language: - The system is coded by using PHP programming language to get the
following advantages of the programming language:
 Fast – PHP was created to develop dynamic Web Pages so it is fast on websites. The PHP
code is embedded in HTML and the time it takes to process and load the browser with HTML
and create a full web page is very quick.
 Free – PHP is released under the PHP License. This means that anybody can download it and
use it 100% for free.
 Easy - The syntax of PHP is very easy to use and learn. PHP is usually mixed in with HTML,
CSS, and java script and can be easily included in HTML files.
 Well used – popular web-based system such as Facebook, Wikipedia, Flicker and Yahoo!
developed by PHP.
 OOP – PHP can fully support the principles of object-oriented programing paradigms.
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  Microsoft SQL server 2012 for database diagram. Hardware tools
Server Side:

 Operating System: Windows 7 and above.

 Processor: Pentium 2.0 GHz or higher

 RAM: 256 Mb or more

 Hard Drive: 10 GB or more Client side:

 Operating System: Windows 7 and above.

 Processor: Pentium III or 2.0 GHz or higher.

 RAM: 256 Mb or more

Software Interfaces
 Client Side: Web Browser, Windows 7
 Web Server: XAMP/WAMP server, Windows 7, Adobe Dreamweaver, CSS, Notepad++.
Communications Interfaces
The Customer must connect to the internet to access the systems:
 Broadband Internet and broadband Connection with Internet Provider.

1.13 Budget and Time Schedule of the Project

1.13.1 Budget of the Project
Required resources with cost
No Item Description Quantity Unity price Total price
1 PC View Sonic 1 15000 15000
2 Printer HP LaserJet 400 1 9000 9000
3 Paper A4 1pack 2000 200
4 Flash Sonic 32GB 1 654 654
Total 0 Birr

Table 1. 3 Budget of project Table

NO Software Description Quantity Unity price Total price
5 CD/DVD RW 4.7GB 10 30 300
1 XAMPP Apache 5.6 (64bit) 1 500 500
2 MS office MS office 2016 2 50 100

22
3 Operating System Window 10 pro (64 2 80 160
bit)
4 Notepad++ Ver 7.5.9 1 50 50
5 Firefox Ver 84.0.1 1 50 50
6 Visual studio code Standard 1 50 50
7 Enterprise Architect Version 4.0 1 50 50
8 MS office vision 2007 1 50 50
Total 0 Birr
Total Hardware& Software 27,564 Birr

23
 1.13.2 Time Schedule of the Project
Table 1. 4 Time schedule of project Table
GANTT CHART FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROJECT
Jan Feb March April May June July
No Task Name

1 Requirement Analysis
&proposal project
2 Design

3 Architecture&
Design
4 Implementation

5 Documentation

1.14 Team Composition

Table 1. 5 Team Composition
Name Responsibility Main Activity Other
Kinfu Gadisa Coordinator Coordinate and lead the Members, Participate all
Design, implementation and activity
Documentation
Senait Fikadu Programmer Requirement Analysis, Design, Participate all
implementation and Documentation activity
Hana Desalegn General Secretary Requirement Analysis, Design, Participate all
implementation and Documentation activity
Misrak Negashu Data gathering Requirement Analysis, Design, Participate all
implementation and Documentation activity
Yohanis Asefa Designer Requirement Analysis, Design, Participate all
implementation and Documentation activity
Diribe Abebe General Secretary Requirement Analysis, Design, Participate all
implementation and Documentation activity
Abezu Seyoum Data gathering Requirement Analysis, Design, Participate all
implementation and Documentation activity

24
1.15 Document Organization
CHAPTER ONE: Defines and describes concepts with regard to the introduction of the chapter that
discusses problems in the existing system and the objective of the system.
CHAPTER TWO: Describes the existing system. And functions of the existing system.
CHAPTER THREE: Describe about the overview of the proposed system which includes functional
and non-functional requirements.
CHAPTER FOUR: Defines the system analysis and Consists of a flow of events which is the scenario,
use case model with its description of the major use cases.
CHAPTER FIVE: Deals with system design. Which includes the overview of the system, design
consideration, design goal, design tradeoffs, the architecture of the System, subsystem decomposition,
persistent data management, and class interface.
CHAPTER SIX: Provide details implementation and testing of the database, class diagram
CHAPTER SEVEN: Deals the conclusion and Recommendation

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 Chapter Two: Description of the Existing System

2.1Introduction of Existing System

The existing system of the college is manual which means that paper based. The Course sent a letter to
an academic dean again that announces when and where the examination takes place, after that the
students come to their respective room and take the examination then going back to their class. Finally,
the Course or teacher check the examination and sent their result that shows the students result.
2.2 Players in the existing system
In the current system there are different actors directly and indirectly involved. To be listed some of
them Direct actors are:
 FTTC Administrator
 FTTC Students

2.3 Major functions/activities in the existing system like inputs, processes &
outputs
A major objective of a system is to produce an output that has value to its user. Whatever the nature of
the output (goods, services, or information), it must be in line with the expectations of the intended
user. Inputs are the elements (material, human resources, and information) that enter the system for
processing. Output is the outcome of processing. A system feeds on input to produce output in much
the same way that a business brings in human, financial, and material resources to produce goods and
services. It is important to point out here that determining the output is a first step in specifying the
nature, amount, and regularity of the input needed to operate a system. For example, in systems
analysis, the first concern is to determine the user’s requirements of a proposed computer system – that
is, specification of the output that the computer is expected to provide for meeting user requirements.

Process

The process is the element of a system that involves the actual transformation of input into output. It is
the operational component of a system. May modify the input totally or partially, depending on the
specifications of the output. This means that as the output specifications change so does the processing.
In some cases, input is also modified to enable the process to handle the transformation.

The student who’s taking the examination in FTTC is must be a student in the college.

2.4 Forms and other documents of the existing systems

Since the existing system is manual and paper based as well as informal and formal ways of

26
communication through email, fax and phone it is very difficult to get forms and documents of the
existing system besides to the examinations.

Sample exam given before by the college.

27
2.5 Drawbacks of the existing system
 The Examination process in paper based/manual system which continues for months causing both
physical and mental strains over the examinees.

 Publication of results also takes a very long time owing to which students remain idle for months
together. Sometimes the delay in declaration of result cause heavy losses to the students as generally
they cannot join further studies sponsored by themselves appear in competitive exams or join other
college because of the no availability of examination result in time.
 To know the examination result students should wait minimum of two weeks.
Some of the limitations of the existing examination system, though not comprehensive, are as follows:

 The personal visit to colleges wastes a student’s precious time and money and cause unnecessary
harassment. It is a common sight to find students jostling near college in various service windows
purchasing the previous examinations, and to get to know the status of their results.

 The manual examination system leads to errors, more time consumption, inefficient and wastage of
valuable resources. Moreover, ever increasing paper- based record registers are difficult to store securely
due to space scarcity

 There is repetition of work in the existing system because the same data is recorded in different
Course of the examination. This leads to data duplications as well as huge money is spent by the
college to purchase papers.

2.6 Business Rules of the existing System

The online exam system in Teachers Education College governs and controls the workflow through the
following business rules. These are rules and policy which are used to govern all actives in the specified
workflow, control the workflow, and performed in the work environment. The current system of online
examination system in FTTC has the following business rules.

28
 Business rule 1
Table 2.1 Business Rule
Items Details
Name Add course
Id BR1
Description The teacher plans for adding course
and set the criterion on what to be
added.

Source administrator Head, Department

Head

Business rule 2
Table 2.2 Business Rule 2

Items Details
Name Add examinees
Id BR2
Description The students or examinees registered by the teachers
Source Teachers

Business rule 3
Table 2.3Business Rule 3
Items Details
Name Manage Students
Id BR3
Description After students are registered with
their respective information by
teacher then the teacher manage
them.
Source Teacher, admin

29
 3 CHAPTER THREE: PROPOSED SYSTEM
After analyzing the data collected, we formulated a number of requirements namely user requirement,
system hardware and software attribute. These were grouped as user, functional, non-functional and
systems requirements.
3.1Functional requirements
Functional requirements [5] are a description of the feature requirement. Specifically, the functional
requirements relate with what the system should or provide for users which are related to the
proposed system. It describes an interaction between the system and its environment, and the
functional requirement include description of the required functions, provision of associated online
reports or queries and the details of data to be held in the system. Essentially it also describes what the
system must do or the steps it is going to have to take to perform an action. However, Online
Examination system [2] is a system that must be capable to allow users to take exam online, be able to
register, login, update profile and logout of the system, view their result. All these things that system is
capable to do are been termed as functional requirements [6].

Administrator Aspect

 Taking back up of the database.

 Editing/Deleting/Creating the records.
 Adding faculty, Course.
 Changing
the super password. Student/ Student Aspect:
 Logging into the system.
 Take the examination.
 Reviewing the given responses.
 Changing password.
 Resetting of forgotten password
3.2 Non- functional requirements
Non-functional requirements are those requirements that don’t define the actual working of the system.
Non-functional requirements are used to judge the quality of the system [3]. Non-functional
requirements cover all the remaining requirements which are not covered by the functional
requirements. Nonfunctional requirement describes user visible aspect of the system that is not
designed to the functional behavior of the system. They span on a number of issues from user interface
to security issue. In Short form non-functional requirements can be viewed as follows before detail

30
explain as user interface, hardware and software consideration, performance characteristics, error
handling and security issue:
 The user interface shall be simple for user on how to use the system. Because the system
consists of full graphics and more readable or understandable
 The system shall be attractive and easy to deal with because it has page, form and table with
hyperlink. So, user can move from one page or form to another by click if user read the
message or text and see picture.
 The system response time for request is not more than 3 second because it is web-based
application for instance the traffic police need to see or check the drive license fake or not.
He/she can find the right information from the database.
 The system should be protected through password. It is only an administrator who has the
authority to create user account, change password and delete account.
 The system must provide backup mechanism.

 Usability
The website should be user friendly and should require least effort to operate. The web server used
should provide services like session management to maintain sessions in the application.

 Simple to Operate: The software should be easy to learn and operate; the user should not
require special skills or training to operate the system.
 Simple design: The user interface should be kept as simple as possible so as not to make the
application too confusing for the user to understand i.e., user friendly interface.
 Reliability
It means the extent to which program performs with required precision. The website developed should
be extremely reliable and secure so that information about any questions etc. is not leaked before the
actual exam is held.

 Performance
 Legal
The software will also be available online, and anybody authorized by the system administrator can
take the examination. Which mean that teacher, education leader, anybody who want join the college
can take.

31
3.2.1 User Interface and human factors

3.2.2

Hardware consideration
32
As the system is web application the hardware that should consider are a server that enables the user to
access the system through the internet. And client computers or personal computers like a laptop. That
user uses to access the system. The system is compatible with any computer that enables a user to
access the internet.
3.2.3 Security Issues
Only authorized users by the system administrator can take the exam. The proposed system will highly
secure, for preventing unauthorized access that uses the username, password, SQL injection, Session
and cookies. The system is much secured based on the username and password for all user activity.
Nobody can access the system without an authorized person. Passwords are not visible cannot be
accessed by anyone because the passwords are encrypted by the MD5 encryption mechanism. if an
unauthorized user attempts an incorrect password and username more than five times to enter the
system, the unauthorized user is prevented and blocked from typing again. But if the authorized user
quirkily forgot his user name and password it can recover by remembering some previously entered
information.
3.2.4 Performance consideration
Number of terminals to be supported is dependent on the server that we will use at the time of deployment. The
web application server used should provide good performance and ability to manage performance with
techniques such as support for caching. After completing the exam, the entire score of the student will be
calculated as per the rules in less than a second. We will develop the system that multi-user can access
simultaneously without the failure of the system. The proposed system loads information in a few-
second and gives output response for user input data in two seconds for all performance issues we will
use the performance testing tool. The system shall minimize errors and a clear error message should be
displayed that guides users to handle it. The performance of this system is measured in terms of load
time, concurrent processing and response time.
Load time: this system loads the request and information as quickly as possible.
Concurrent Processing: The proposed system is web-based can execute multiple
users at once concurrently.
Response Time: Upon request for user inquiry the system under normal condition
should display results as quickly as possible based on the connection. one way of Improve Server
Response Time make sure PHP is updated. the system is designed by using PHP Version 7.3.9 which
has a good response time.
3.2.5 Error handling and validation
The system will check user inputs to the system to handle the error. It handles and shows error for a
user. the proposed system uses front-end validation which is JavaScript. This is because of considering
33
response time. However, if the system validates from the back-end it will take time to access the
database which leads to less response time.
3.2.6 Quality Issues
The system is reliable, available and consistently performs its intended function. unless there is an
internet connection problem that occurs, our system is available at any time. In the quality assessing the
users will be involved by the feedback mechanisms in which they can give comments on the system. the
system should a fast and efficient service to all users. We use suitable software and hardware to develop
the system, will able to achieve this requirement. The system is ready to carry out its task and
operational when the user needs it. The system tolerates some faults like username and other inputs, and
it gives related feed backs for the error encountered like” enter correct username or password” using
JavaScript as control of faults.
3.2.7 Backup and Recovery
The database may be crashed due to several problems, which means that the database is failed when the
data is recording, due to operating system failure and many others. So that we need to back up the data
when the students are taking the exams. When failures occurred, the system must be recoverable. One
of the major ways to recover the data stored on the server during unexpected server failure is using
online database backup technology that is available 24 hours a day.
3.2.8 Physical environment
The system is deployed or installed on the server-side so that client computer access and can use it. we
recommend that the system deploys on Harambee university server to make it free from any disaster
and better protection.
3.2.9 Resource issues
To use the system user should have any browser on his computer that enables his/her to
connect to the internet.

34
4 CHAPTER FOUR: SYSTEM ANALYSIS

4.1 System models

System models are a model that consists of all models such as use cases, activity diagram, sequence
diagram, class diagram and the others. In this section we try to analyze the overall activity of the
proposed system by using use case, sequences diagrams, activity diagrams and class diagram scenario
and etc.

4.1.1 Use case model

A use case describes a sequence of interactions between a user and system, without specifying the user
interface. Use cases describe the system functions from the perspective of external users and in a
manner and terminology they understand.

Figure 4.1.1.A – Administrator use case diagram

35
4.1.2 Use Case Description

A. Add Course use case

Use case ID UC1

Use case name Add Course
Primary Actor(s) Administrator
Description Adding new Course to the system.

Precondition The administrator first knows the Course

code and Course name.
Post condition Course is added.
Basic courses of action
1. Administrator wants to add Course in to database.
2. The Administrator looks the Course code and Course name.
3. The Administrator adds the Course by name and code of the Course.
4. Course is added.
5. The use case ends
Alternative course of action
Alternative course of action A: if the Course has no code
A.2 The administrator gives it a code.
A.3 Go to step 3.
Table 3.1.3.A. Add Course
B. Load Exam Question Use Case

Use case ID UC2

Use case name Add exam Question
Primary Actor(s) Administrator
Description Adding questions according to the
Course.
Precondition The Administrator first knows Course
code.
Post condition The question is added.
Basic courses of action

36
1. Admin wants to add questions into database.
2. The Admin looks the Course name and Course code.
3. The Admin looks for the options.
4. Give the answer for the questions
5. The question is added.
6. The use case ends
Alternative course of action
Alternative course of action A: if the Course has no code.
A.1 The Admin gives it a code.
A.2 Go to step 5.
Table 3.1.3.B. Add exam Question use case
C. Login Use Case

Use case ID UC3

Use case name Login
Primary Actor(s) Administrator and students
Description Login into the system.
Precondition All authorized has the e-mail/ID and
password
Post condition The system accepts e-mail and
password.
Basic courses of action
1. All authorized user wants to login into the system.
2. User first must have e-mail and password.
3. User enters their e-mail and password.
4. The system checks the e-mail and password.
5. The system accepts e-mail and password.
6. The use case ends
Alternative course of action
Alternative course of action A: if the users have no e-mail and password.
A.1 Administrator create new e-mail and password.
A.2 Go to step 3.

37
Alternative course of action B: if the entered e-mail and password is wrong.
B.1 Try with another e-mail and password.
A.2 Go to step 3.

Table 3.1.3.C. Login use case

D. Register Student Use Case

Use case ID UC4

Use case name Student Registration
Primary Actor(s) Administrator
Description Administrator register the
Student.
Precondition College send all their own required
Student names & Course.
Post condition Student are registered.
Basic courses of action
1. Education college send all their own Student names.
2. Administrator looks for the student information.
3. The Administrator groups the student according to their Course name.
4. Administrator fill all required student information.
5. student is registered.
6. The use case ends.

Alternative course of action]

Alternative course of action A: if the college did not send all their own required
information.
A.1 the College announced them to send their own full information.
A.2 Go to step 2.
Table 4.1.3.D. Student Registration use case
E. Take Exam Use Case
Use case ID UC5
Use case name Take exam
Primary Actor(s) Student.
Description Student can appear for the exam on
time.
38
Precondition Student must be login by their E- Mail
and password.
Post condition Submit the answer.
Basic courses of action
1. Student wants to take the exam.
2. Student must be login by their ID/E-Mail and password.
3. Then the student read instructions.
4. Start answering the questions.
5. Finish in a given time.
6. Submit the answer.
7. The use case ends.
Alternative course of action
Alternative course of action A: if the student did not finish all the given question
in given time.
A.1 view results.
A.2 use case ends.
Table 4.1.3.E. take exam use case
F. View Result Use Case

Use case ID UC6

Use case name View Result
Primary Actor(s) Student
Description Student can view his/her result
from the system.
Precondition System gets submitted answers.
Post condition Result is generated.
Basic courses of action
1. System gets submitted answers.
2. System checks answer.
3. System counts correct answer
4. System counts wrong answer.

39
 5. The system calculates the mark.
6. system posts the results.
7. Student view result.
8. The use case ends.
Alternative course of action
Alternative course of action A: if the posted result is wrong
A.2 The student informs to the administrator.
A.3 use case ends.
Table 3.1.3.F. View Result use case
G. Post Exam Date use case

Use case ID UC7

Use case name Post Exam Date
Primary Actor(s) Administrator
Description Post Exam Date to The Student.
Precondition The administrator first knows the
exam Date.
Post condition Exam date is posted.
Basic courses of action
1. Administrator wants to Post Exam Date in to Home page.
2. The Administrator looks the exam date.
3. The Administrator Post the exam date.
4. Exam Date is posted.
5. The use case ends.
Alternative course of action
Alternative course of action A: if the Exam date is unknown.
A.2 The administrator ask registrar
A.3 . Go to step 3.
Table 4.1.3.G. Post Exam Date use case

40
 H. View Site Use Case

Use case ID UC8

Use case name View Site Use Case
Primary Actor(s) Student
Description The student view site if he/she want to know exam date and
news.
Precondition the user must have internet connectivity and website address.

Post condition View exam date and news.

Basic courses of action
1. Student write website address on browser address bar.
2. when the home page displayed.
3. The student can view site.

4. The use case ends

Alternative course of action
Alternative course of action A. if the student unable to know the address search
on search engine.
A.1 view college website.
A.2 Go to step 1

Table 4.1.3.H. View Site Use Case

G. View report Use Case

Use case ID UC9

Use case name View report
Primary Actor(s) Administrator
Description view and print the report generated by the system.

41
 Precondition The admin of the system has already activated
authenticate user functionality and the admin is on
administrator page.
Post condition View or print report
Basic courses of action
1. The administrator click on exam report.
2. The Administrator click on passed student button.
3. If the administrator wants hard copy click on print this page.
4. Select printer type.
5. Click on print.
6. The use case ends
Alternative course of action
Alternative course of action A: if there is no printer.
A.1 save as pdf.
A.2 select destination place you want to save.
A.3 Go to step 2.
Table 4.1.3.I. View report use case
G. View another student Use Case

Use case ID UC10

Use case name View another student
Primary Actor(s) Student
Description View another student registered to the exam.
Precondition The student of the system has already activated
authenticate user functionality and the student is on
user page.
Post condition View another student with their picture.
Basic courses of action
1. The Student click on student tab.
2. The click on view other students.
3. The student display with their profile picture.
4. view student.
5. The use case ends
Alternative course of action
Alternative course of action A: if the student has no profile picture.
42
 A.1 The student can see with their avatar picture.
A.2 Go to step 3.
Table 4.1.3.J. View another student use case

43
Actors are external entities that interact with the system. Actor initiates system activities for the
purpose of completing some task.

So, actors in this project are as follows: -

 Administrator: -Super user, adds Course and manages system.

 Student/user: -User mostly a student who will appear for the examination.
 System: -is the system which checks users or administrator’s inputs.
4.2 Object model
4.2.1 Data Dictionary

User_info table

No Name Datatypes Constraints Size Description

1. User_id Varchar Not null 255 Primary key
2. User index Int Not null 255
3. Full name Varchar Not null 255
4. Gender Varchar Not null 255
5. Email Varchar 255
6. Address Varchar Not null 255
7. Role Varchar Not null 255
8. Avatar Longblob Photo
9. Password Varchar Not null 255
10. Regdate Varchar Not null 255 Registered date
Table 4.1.3.1.A. User_info
Course table

No Name Datatypes Constraints Size Description

1. Deptid Int Not null 11 Course id
2. Deptname Int Not null 255 Course name
Table 4.1.3.1.B. Course
Result_info table

No Name Datatypes Constraints Size Description

1. Result_id Varchar Not null 255
2. Student_tno Int Not null 255

44
3. Student_name Varchar Not null 255
4. Score Varchar Not null 255
5. Date Varchar 255
6. Status Varchar Not null 255

No Name Datatypes Constraints Size Description

1. Dept_id Int Not null 11 Foreign Key
2. Question_id Int Not null 255 Primary key
3. Question Longtext Not null
4. Option1 Varchar Not null 255
5. Option2 Varchar Not null 255
6. Option3 Varchar Not null 255
7. Option4 Varchar Not null 255
8. Answer Varchar Not null 255
Table 4.1.3.1.B. result_info

45
 Table 4.1.3.1.B. Exam
School info table

No Name Datatypes Constraints Size Description

1. Name Varchar Not null 255 Primary key
2. Email Varchar Not null 255
3. Address Longtext
4. Phone Varchar 255
5. Slogan Varchar Not null 255
6. Logo Longblob Not null 255
Table 4.1.3.1.B. School_info
School Mail

No Name Datatypes Constraints Size Description

1. Schoolname Varchar Not null 255 Primary key
2. Username Varchar Not null 255
3. password Longtext Not null 255
4. Port Int Not null 255

Table 4.1.3.1.B. School mail

Region table

46
 No Name Datatypes Constraints Size Description
1. regid Varchar Not null 11 Primary key
2. regname Varchar Not null 50

Table 4.1.3.1.B. Region

Exam state

No Name Datatypes Constraints Size Description

1. state Varchar Not null 11 Primary key

Table 4.1.3.1.B. exam state

Tokens

No Name Datatypes Constraints Size Description

1. Token_id Varchar Not null 11 Primary key
2. token Varchar Not null 50
3. User_id Varchar Not null 255
Table 3.1.3.1.B. tokens

47
4.2.1.1 Analysis level Class Diagram (Conceptual Modeling)

In the UML, class diagram is a type of static structure diagram which describes the structure of a
system by showing the classes, attributes and the relationships between the classes of a system. It is
the main building block in object-oriented modelling. The classes represent both the main objects
and/or interactions in the application. The class diagram consists of classes which are represented in
boxes which contain three parts. The name of the class is contained in upper part, with the attributes of
classes in middle part and the bottom part contains the methods or operations that the classes
undertake. With detailed modelling, the classes of the conceptual design are split into number of
subclasses.

48
Diagram 4.1.3.2 Class diagram

49
4.3Dynamic model

4.3.1 Sequence Diagram

Interaction diagrams that show how processes are operate with one another. It is a construct of a
Message Sequence Chart. A sequence diagram shows object interactions arranged in time sequence. It
depicts the objects and classes involved in the scenario and the sequence of messages exchanged
between the objects needed to carry out the functionality of the scenario. Sequence diagrams typically
(but not always), are associated with use case realizations in the Logical View of the system under
development. It shows, as parallel vertical lines (lifelines), different processes or objects that live
simultaneously, and, as horizontal arrows, the messages exchanged between them, in the order in
which they occur. This allows the specification of simple runtime scenarios in a graphical manner.

A. Sequence diagram for authenticate admin use case.

Sequence diagram 1.

50
B. Sequence diagram for take exam

Sequence diagram 2

51
4.3.2 Activity Diagram
Activity diagrams show the procedural flow of control between two or more class objects while
processing an activity. Activity diagrams can be used to model higher-level business process at the
business unit level, or to model low-level internal class actions. Activity diagrams are “fewer
technicians” in appearance, compared to sequence diagrams, and business-minded people tend to
understand them more quickly.

Activity Diagram for Administration Online Examination

Activity diagram 1.

52
Activity Diagram for Take Exam

Activity diagram 2

53
4.3.3 State Diagrams
In this part the team used to model the behaviors of the objects by drawing the state diagram. That
shows the sequence of states that an object goes through, the events that cause the transition from one
state to the other and the actions that result from a state change.

Figure 4.2.3.A. Admin Login state diagram

Figure 4.2.3.B. Admin register new students state diagram

54
Figure 4.2.3.C. Admin customize students state diagram

55
Figure 4.2.3.D. Admin Add new exam questions state diagram

Figure 4.2.3.E. Admin customize exam questions state diagram

Figure 4.2.3.F. Admin Lock exam questions state diagram

56
Figure 4.2.3.G. Admin Unlock exam questions state diagram

57
Figure 4.2.3.H. Admin view students results state diagram

58
Figure 4.2.3.J. Admin delete students state diagram

59
Figure 4.2.3.I. Admin configure email state diagram

60
Figure 4.2.3.J. Student Login state diagram

61
Figure 3.2.3.K. Student upload photo state diagram

62
Figure 4.2.3.L. Student change login password state diagram

63
Figure 4.2.3.M. Student read exam instruction state diagram

64
 Figure 4.2.3.N. Student take exam state diagram

Figure 4.2.3.O. Student view another students state diagram

65
5 Chapter Five: System Design

5.1 Introduction

This chapter describes the result of the design of the system design carried out during design phase of
the Online examination system. The design goal is stated clearly in such a way that making design
decisions will be in light of these goals. The second section which is the most important one describes
the system under development in terms of system decomposition, Current software architecture,
Hardware/software mapping, Persistent data management, and database system and access control.
Finally, the last section provides a detailed design of Global software control, Boundary conditions,
and Subsystem services.

5.1.1 Purpose of the system

The main purpose of the online examination system is that it helps colleges to conduct exams to any
number of students at a time, in an automated manner. It reduces the time consumption and workload
that exist in the current system of examination. It also helps in storing the record of each examination
and the results are also stored in the system. This makes the searching of the records easier than the
existing system.

As stated in the Requirements Analysis Document, the purpose of the system is to provide system
administrator, colleges, Courses and students with a central location for organizing various events. The
purpose of this system provides the following reasons: No physical presence needed for examinations,
no wastage of time during evaluation, Instant availability of the results, Starting and completion time
are both recorded by the server, a series of online exam tests are offered by the software for the benefit
of the students. In general, the system is much more preferred due to these reasons.

5.1.2 Design goals

The design goals represent the desired qualities of Online examination system and provide a consistent
set of criteria that must be considered when making design decisions. Based on non-functionality
requirements the following design goals will have to achieved in order to qualify the system as
successful:

 Robustness: the system has to be robust enough to manage any valid input from the users.

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  Reliability: The system has to perform the online exam operations with no errors. The website
developed should be extremely reliable and secure so that information about any questions etc.
is not leaked before the actual exam is held.
 Security: the system security is one of the most important non-functional requirements.

 Availability: Students can take exam only during the previously allotted time slots, however
can open site anytime to access other information. This system must run on multiple operating
systems and support windows operating system.

5.2 Current software architecture

The current system uses Peer-to-peer (P2P) architecture. This method is delivering computer services
amongst a set of participants. Each participant shares a portion of their own resources, such as
processing power, disk storage, network bandwidth, printing facilities. These resources are provided
directly to other participants without intermediary network hosts or servers. Thus, P2P participants are
both providers and consumers of services simultaneously in contrast with other service models.
5.3Proposed system architecture
5.3.1 Overview

It is the architecture that determines the type of interactions that the components are going to have.
The architecture that this work uses is client/server architecture. In this type of architecture, the server
is responsible to receive a request from the client and respond to the request, whereas the client is
responsible to interact with that of the users of the system.

The server parts of this work are of two types. The first type is a web server, which is responsible to
receive browsers’ request through http protocol and responds accordingly. Whereas the second type of
server is a database server, which is responsible to provide the requested database services to the web
server.

The database server is generally responsible for modification and insertion of data to the database. It
can only communicate with the web server. The client side is a web browser which receives requests
from the user of the system and responds to the request by communicating with the web server. If the
user has a request on data, the browser passes the request to the web server then the web server pass
the request to the database server. Figure.1 shows the architecture of the system.

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 Figure 4.3.1. Software architecture

5.3.2 Subsystem decomposition

A subsystem is characterized by the services it provides to another sub system. Services are a set of
related operations that has a common purpose. In order to make the implementation easy and
manageable, the newly developed system for the transport service is decomposed in to the following
smaller subsystems. In order to simplify and minimize complexity of the solution domain, the system
has been divided into three subsystems. These are administration subsystem, Reporting Subsystem
and take exam subsystems. The decomposition of the system is represented in figure 4.3.2.1.

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 Figure 4.3.2.1. Subsystem decomposition

5.3.3 Hardware/software mapping

The client only requires a basic computer running a web browser with a connection to the server. The
server requires access to the database and sufficient computing power to handle the load of users
expected.

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 Figure 4.3.3.1. Hardware/software mapping

5.3.4 Persistent data management

Here we describe the database schema of the various tables used by our system. The database
management system that we are going to use is MySQL. The tables that we are going to implement
and directly correspond to the Object Model diagrams in the requirements analysis document.

5.3.4.1 Mapping
As described in the “Hardware/Software Mapping” section of this document, MSQL server is
preferred for implementing the database of the system. Therefore, though the design has followed the
Object-Oriented approach, it is required to shift to relational database model for implementation. Thus,
mapping of Object-Oriented Model to Relational one is required.

In order to store information persistently we map objects into tables and the attributes into fields to the
specific table based on the objects found on the system. Therefore, we identified the major tables that
will be implemented on the selected DBMS.
The following table shows result of the mapping process and its effect on the classes and relationships
between classes:

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 User_info
User_info
<<table>>
User_id: varchar User index: int Full name: User_id:varchar<<pk>>
User index: int
varchar Gender: varchar Email: varchar
Full name: varchar
Address: varchar Role: varchar Avatar: longblob Gender: varchar
Email: varchar
Password: varchar Regdate : varchar
Address: varchar
Role: varchar
Avatar: longblob
Password: varchar
Regdate : varchar

Exam Exam
Dept_id:int <<table>>
Question_id:int Dept_id:int<<PK>>
Question : longtext Question_id:int <<FK>>
Option1: varchar Question: longtext
Option2: varchar Option1: varchar
Option3: varchar Option2: varchar
Option4: varchar Option3: varchar
Answer: varchar Option4: varchar
Answer: varchar

School info
School info Name: varchar Email: varchar Address: longtext Phone: varchar Slogan: varchar Logo: longblob
<<table>>
Name: varchar<<pk>>
Email: varchar
Address: longtext
Phone: varchar
Slogan: varchar
Logo: longblob
Results info
Results info
Result_id:varchar
<<table>>
Student_tno:int Result_id:varchar<<PK>>
Student_name:varchar Student_tno:int <<Fk>>
Score: varchar Student_name:varchar
Score: varchar

Figure 4.3.4.1. Database mapping

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5.3.4.2 Database Design
It is fair to say that database play a critical role in almost all Areas where computers are used,
including business, electronic commerce, engineering, medicine, law, education, and Online exam
science. A database is collection of a related data. A database has the following implicit properties: A
database represents some aspect of the real world, sometimes called the mini-world or the
Universe of Discourse (UOD) changes to the mini world are reflected in the database. A database is a
logically coherent collection of data with some inherent meaning. A random assortment of data cannot
correctly be referred to as a database.

A database is designed, built, and populated with data for a specific purpose. It is an intended group
of users and some preconceived application which these users are interested. (S.R. Bharamagoudar,
Geeta R.B., S.G.Totad. international Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication
Engineering (Vol. 2, Issue 6, June 2013 www.ijarcce.com.)

user_info
results_info
examstate
user_id user_index full_name gender email address role password
examregdate
result_id user_id score date status
state deptid question_id question option1 option2 o

tokens
token_id
token
user_n
region
regid regname

school_mail
servername department
deptid
school_info
username name email address phone slogan logo
password deptname

port

Figure 4.3.4.2. Database diagram

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5.3.5 Access control and security
Access Control
All users need to login before taking any action. After login, each user is going to be redirected to
different landing pages depending on their user role. Administrator can register, delete students and
Add, Edit, Delete and Update examinations, the student’s access will be limited. A student can only
take the exam, view his /her result, see other students as well as changing his/her password. Since all
the communication between client and server is going to be handled by internet, the connection
protocol is going to be HTTPS.

Security:
 Authentication mechanism: Online examination system will be used for authenticating the
student’s login.
 Encryption: SSL will be used for data encryption that will be sent over the internet.

 Database Security: Varying level of access control will be provided to different users of the
system to maintain the database security. Access control will be differentiated based on the
access privilege provided to each user for each table. Administrator will have full privileges on
all the tables.

5.3.6 Global software control

The Online examination architecture is to have an explicit, decentralized software control. The
system's dynamic control is distributed among different controllers such that each object delegates
some responsibility to other objects. The request initiations are event-driven.

Global control of this website client will be processed request a server. When a user makes a request
from the client software, the first thing done in the server is to check if the user is authenticated or not.
After authentication is approved, the data is processed according to the request. Client receives the
page and parses it with the appropriate parsing program depending on the request. After parsing,
necessary data is presented to user.

5.3.7 Boundary conditions

We considered server and client with three boundary conditions.
 Initialization: The server must be started prior to the connection of any clients. This shall be
done by the Administrator.
 Termination: If a client disconnects, either intentionally (i.e. by logging out of the system)
or unintentionally (i.e. unresponsive computer), this shall have no effect to the

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 server. If the server shuts down, then each of the client’s requests shall time out and an error
shall be reported in the client's GUI.
 Failure: Failure of either the server or clients shall be treated the same as in the
termination.

We consider access log in validation system with three boundary conditions.

Initialization: - A user enters the web interface of Transport monitoring and traffic application using an
internet browser.

 User needs to be authenticated in order to take any action. After authentication the browser
sends a cookie which presents unique User ID. If already authenticated, user is provided to
continue. If authentication is successfully completed, other pages will be available for him/her
according to his/her user level.

Termination; - At any instant of a time, a user can terminate his session by going to logout page.

 Termination is also done through time checks. Each cookie that is assigned to a user has expiry
time of an hour. After an hour, cookie expires and member needs to authenticate again.

Failure; - Upon a connection lost with database an error message will be presented to user, and no
further action will be allowed. If user enters an unexpected input, execution will be terminated and
user will be prompted to enter correct information. We consider three boundary condition such as
startup, shut down and error condition.

Startup: go to system URL and login

Shut Down: click log out and close browser

Error Conditions:

Logging in:

 Username or password field are blank.

 Username is not a decimal number.

 Password and username don’t match.

 Username is wrong or does not exist.

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5.4 Subsystem services
This section is intended to describe the services provided by each subsystem.
The User Interface (UI) Subsystem

 Takes user input

 Passes user input to controlling layer (server)
 Displays
system messages The Main Subsystem
 Receives user queries through the UI subsystem
 Sends system responses to the UI subsystem
 Handles user, creation and management
 Sends DB update requests for the User and Map objects to DB subsystem

5.5Component Diagram

Figure 4.3.3. Component diagram

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5.6Deployment Diagram
This shows how and where the system is to be deployed. Physical machines and processors are
reflected as nodes, and the internal construction can be depicted by embedding nodes or artifacts. As
artifacts are allocated to nodes to model the system's deployment, the allocation is guided by the use of
deployment specifications. The developed system deploys as follow:

Figure 4.6.1. Deployment Diagram

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 References

1) Building Web Applications with UML, 2nd Edition by Jim Conallen,

https://books.google.com.et/books?isbn=0201730383, and
http://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=30610
2) The complete reference of HTML &CSS 5Th Edition, Thomas A, Powell

3) Professor LonnieD.Bentlley “System Analysis and Design methods” Simon

Bennet, Steve McRobb and Ray Farmer: Object oriented system analysis and
design
4) "Evolution of Web-Based Applications Using Domain Specific Markup Languages",
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Applications,” presented at Second Nordic Workshop on Software Architecture
(NOSA´99), Ronneby, Sweden, 1999.
7) Websites used as a reference - www.w3school.com

8) Byrnes, R. & Ellis, A. (2006). The prevalence and characteristics of online

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