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CIE 081: STEEL AND TIMBER DESIGN

Module #4

Name: ______________________________________________________ Class number: _____

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________ Date: ____________

Lesson title: Axial Compression, Axial Tension and Bending Materials:

Lesson Objectives: Ballpen, Scientific Calculator, Coupon
At the end of the module, you would be able to: References:
1. Solve for the interaction value of a steel section. Structural Steel Design (William Segui)
2. Know whether if it is side sway prevented or not prevented CELBE Review Books
1. https://www.studocu.com/
Review Innovation Notes (RIght Choice)

Productivity Tip:

“Take screen breaks”, unat unat din paminsan-minsan. Kailangan din nating mag-relax, kumain, tulungan si nanay,
maglaro or i-chat si crush <3 .

A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW

Axial Compression and Bending

Nearly all members in a structure are subjected to both bending moment and axial load- either tension or compression.

When the magnitude of one or the other is relatively small, its effect is usually neglected and the member is designed as a

beam, as an axially loaded column, or as a tension member. The member subjected to axial compression and bending is

referred to as beam-column. When bending is combined with axial tension, the chance of instability is reduced and

yielding usually governs the design.

Activity 1: What I Know Chart, part 1 (3 mins)

What I Know Questions: What I Learned (Activity 4)

What is Euler Bending Formula?

What is an Amplification Factor?

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CIE 081: STEEL AND TIMBER DESIGN
Module #4

Name: ______________________________________________________ Class number: _____

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________ Date: ____________

B.MAIN LESSON

Activity 2: Content Notes

Design for Axial and Bending

Bending moments in compression members tends to increase lateral deflection than moments in tension members.
Increase lateral deflection in turn results in larger moments. The members are then subjected to both axial and bending
stress acting simultaneously.

(bending in one axis only)

(bending in both axis)

NSCP Specifications for axial compression with bending.

Members subjected to both axial compression and bending stresses shall be proportional to satisfy the following
requirements to identify whether
Where:
A. When (Small Axial Compression)

( )

B. When ( Large Axial Compression)

Fa=allowable axial stress

fa= actual axial stress

Fb=allowable bending stress

and fb= actual bending stress

Lb= unsupported length about the axis of bending

rb=radius of gyration about the axis of bending

F’e= euler’s buckling stress divided by the FS

K= effective length factor about the axis of bending

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CIE 081: STEEL AND TIMBER DESIGN
Module #4

Name: ______________________________________________________ Class number: _____

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________ Date: ____________

Modification Factor (Cm)

A. Sidesway not prevented

B. Sidesway prevented

a. For members subject to transverse loading between their supports.

i. for member whose ends are restrained against rotation in the plane of bending.

ii. for member whose end/s are un restrained against rotation in the plane of bending.

b. For members not subjected to transverse loading between their supports.

( )

– is negative when bent in single curvature

– is positive when bent in reverse curvature

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CIE 081: STEEL AND TIMBER DESIGN
Module #4

Name: ______________________________________________________ Class number: _____

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________ Date: ____________

Amplification Factor

The value of is called amplification factor which is greater than 1.0

Magnification Factor (

Tips: to have better outcome in solving for the interaction value, it is better to solve for the amplification and
magnification factors separate from the whole interaction formula.

Axial tension and bending

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CIE 081: STEEL AND TIMBER DESIGN
Module #4

Name: ______________________________________________________ Class number: _____

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________ Date: ____________

Situation 1
An 8m long steel column is pinned at the top and fixed at the bottom. The column is provided with lateral support
3m from the top in the weak direction.
The properties of the column section are as follows:
K= effective length factor
K=1.0 when both ends are pinned
K= 0.5 when both ends are fixed
K= 0.7 when one end is fixed and other end is
pinned
1. What is the critical effective slenderness ratio?
2. What is the buckling stress of the column?
3. Calculate the critical load Pc in KN?

Critical Effective Slenderness Ratio

v √
3m
Buckling Stress/ Euler Formula
v
8m
5m ( )

Critical load Pc

=37.83
√

√ Or use

Pc=

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 6|Page
CIE 081: STEEL AND TIMBER DESIGN
Module #4

Name: ______________________________________________________ Class number: _____

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________ Date: ____________

Situation 2
A steel column carries an axial load of 800 KN, a moment of 70 KN-m at the top and moment 49 KN-m at the
bottom. The two moments are in opposite direction and applied about the x-axis.

L= 3.6 m K= 1.0
E= 200000 MPa
Use NSCP specification for compressive stress and Fbx=Fby= 148 MPa. Determine the following:
4. Compressive stress if axial load only existed.
5. Bending stress if bending moment alone existed.
6. Allowable compressive stress.
7. From the interaction formula compute the interaction value. Assume the column is braced against joint
translation (sidesway prevented).

Solution

Compressive stress if axial load only existed.

[ ] [ ]

Bending stress if bending moment alone existed.

[ ] [ ]

( )
[ ] =[ ]
Allowable Compressive stress

133.13 MPa

Interaction value

> 0.15

√ =√ = 126.17 Use:

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CIE 081: STEEL AND TIMBER DESIGN
Module #4

Name: ______________________________________________________ Class number: _____

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________ Date: ____________

Since only in the x-direction has a applied moment it means we will just cancel out the parts that
involves the y-axis.

Since it is sidesway prevented and has no transverse loading we will use:

( )

( )
> 0.40 OK!

Solve for the Amplification Factor

( )

Solve for the Magnification Factor

( Use 1.0

( )

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CIE 081: STEEL AND TIMBER DESIGN
Module #4

Name: ______________________________________________________ Class number: _____

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________ Date: ____________

And

Interaction value

<1.0 Safe!

NOTE: our ratio of actual and allowable axial stress is greater than 0.15 so we will use

and

Remember, there is the word “and”.

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CIE 081: STEEL AND TIMBER DESIGN
Module #4

Name: ______________________________________________________ Class number: _____

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________ Date: ____________

Activity 3: Skill-building Activities

Situation 1

A W310x202 column supports beams framing into it as shown. The column supports an axial load of 2676 KN,
which includes the beam reactions at its top. Owing to unbalanced floor loading, moments of 110 KN-m each
applied in opposite directions at the top and bottom of the column as shown. Sidesways is prevented by a bracing
system Kx= 0.9, Ky= 1.0.
Properties of W310x202

1. Determine the allowable compressive stress if only axial load is acting.

2. Determine the allowable bending stress if only bending is acting.
3. Determine the ratio of the actual and allowable axial and bending stress using the interaction formula.

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CIE 081: STEEL AND TIMBER DESIGN
Module #4

Name: ______________________________________________________ Class number: _____

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________ Date: ____________

Activity 4: What I Know Chart, part 2

Now answer the “What I learned” part in Activity 1.

Activity 5: Check for Understanding

Write a step-by-step procedure in solving for the interaction value of a beam-column.

Tips in engineering: Don’t memorize the solution, analyse the problem. It is better to know the
principle than to memorize the solution in every situation

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CIE 081: STEEL AND TIMBER DESIGN
Module #4

Name: ______________________________________________________ Class number: _____

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________ Date: ____________

C. LESSON WRAP-UP
Activity 6: Thinking about learning (5 mins)

Three things you learned:

1.

2.

3.

Two things that you would like to learn more about:

1.

2.

One question you still have:

1.

FAQs
I. Any tips in solving this type of problems?
Better solve it separately and no as a whole formula. You might missed some part.

II. What is the interaction value for?

It is used in design to have a safe design. For analysis, it is used to know if we have a safe structure.

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