PDF Handout Good Practices
PDF Handout Good Practices
what is a PDF?
Unlike a Word document or a web page, all the content in a PDF file is fixed in place, so that it
looks the same on any computer – Mac, PC, or even on your phone. This makes it a very useful
file‐type for representing printed pages on a computer, so it is widely used by academic publishers
for online books and journals.
what can I do with a PDF?
Because the content in a PDF is fixed in place, you can’t edit it in the same way you can a Word
document*. You can, however, annotate a PDF file. This means that you can write things, insert
notes, highlight text (if there is any), and draw shapes like arrows, boxes and lines, on top of the
contents of your PDF file.
You can also copy text from a PDF into a Word document – as long as (1) there is text in your PDF
file (see below) and (2) the PDF file is not locked – many academic publishers lock their PDF files so
that you cannot print or copy text. Some even prevent annotations, but that is uncommon.
text or image?
A PDF file can contain all sorts of things, but most commonly it will contain
text and pictures. But there’s a catch – just because it looks like a PDF has text
in it doesn’t mean that it really does.
text
Newer PDFs are usually created in Word or a page layout program, and
contain real text that both you and the computer can read.
Older PDFs are often created by scanning a journal article or book and then simply putting the
scanned image into the PDF file. It looks like text to you, but it’s really just a picture of text, and
the computer thinks its just another image. With these PDF files, you can’t highlight or copy text,
although you can still write notes and draw shapes. You can usually tell if it’s just a picture,
because when you zoom in, the text looks jagged and blocky.
It is, however, possible to get the computer to transform a picture of text into real computer text,
a process called Optical Character Recognition (OCR). Usually the PDF App will leave the picture of
the text in the background, and create an invisible layer on top that contains the computer‐
readable text. You will just see the image (so it will still look jagged), but you’ll be able to select,
copy and highlight lines of text.
*
You can edit the contents of a PDF with some of the newer (and more expensive) PDF software, but it’s not really a
good idea.
annotations
There are a number of things you can do to annotate a PDF (also called mark‐up).
Some of the most common are:
AdobeReader gives you some
highlight text
annotation tools on the
typewriter text toolbar, but you have to go
into the Comment panel to
insert note find the rest.
arrows
saving annotations
Annotations SHOULD work the same across every PDF App – but they don’t. Here’s why:
Most Apps follow the Adobe standard and save annotations in separate layers on top of the
original text or picture. This means that all the annotations get saved when you save the PDF, and
can be edited and viewed in any other PDF App that supports annotations.
BUT its hard to search for text in your annotations, so some apps do something different, and save
the annotations in a separate text file that only that app recognises. With these apps, when you
save the PDF, and copy it to another computer, or even open it in a different app on the same
computer, your annotations will be missing. This can be annoying.
ALSO, not all PDF viewers can see annotations. The built in PDF viewers in web browsers or
Dropbox DON’T show you the annotations you’ve saved.
By default, annotations are Flattening the annotations Some apps (eg Skim for Mac)
layered on top of the text, and makes them visible to ALL PDF store their annotations in a
can be edited by another PDF apps, but you can't edit them separate file to make them
app, but NOT ALL PDF apps can anymore. easier to index and search ‐ but
see them. this also means they can only be
edited by that app.
PDF apps
You can VIEW PDF files in lots of apps – most recent web browsers, for example, will allow you to
display PDF files directly and read through them, without needed a separate PDF App.
BUT these simple viewers don’t let you annotate PDF files, and they don’t even usually let you see
the annotations you’ve already saved.
Therefore you are probably going to want to either use the default PDF editing App on your
device, or, if it doesn’t have one, install one. There are a range of free options, or you can get
serious and spend some money! (Keep in mind that sometimes the free ones are actually better
than the not‐free ones, and often you don’t need all the functions of the not‐free ones. The main
exception at the moment is on iOS for iPads and iPhones – there the best apps are pay only.)
At the ANU you can use AdobeReader, which is installed on all Lab computers. If you want a more
fully‐featured PDF App, you can install the Portable version of PDF Xchange Viewer on a thumb
drive / USB stick and use it in the labs.
You can download the Portable version of PDF Xchange Viewer from:
the company website <https://www.tracker‐software.com/product/downloads>
(make sure to choose the Portable version)
PortableApps.com <http://portableapps.com/apps/office/pdf‐xchange‐portable>
The Academic Skills Wattle site (Academic Skills Resources >Programs to download)
opening & saving
Windows / Mac
On a PC or Mac, editing
Go to the Readings in Wattle > Save the reading you want to your computer > Open the reading in
a PDF App > Read and annotate > Save the reading.
iOS (iPad/iPhone) tap near the top of the Safari window
to bring up the “Open in” menu
Working with PDFs on an iPad is a bit trickier, as iOS
doesn’t like you moving files from one app to another.
Method 1 – web > PDF App > cloud
Go to the Readings in Wattle > Open the reading in your
web browser > Choose to OPEN IN a PDF App > Read and
annotate > OPEN IN Dropbox / Google Drive
Method 2 – cloud (on PC) > cloud (on iPad) > PDF App
Go to the Readings in Wattle > Save the reading you want
to Dropbox on your computer > Open Dropbox on your when you’ve finished, “open” your
PDF in Dropbox to save it
iPad > choose the reading, and OPEN IN a PDF App > Read
and annotate > OPEN IN Dropbox / Google Drive
Method 3 – use cloud syncing app
Pay money for iAnnotate or Good Reader or the Dropbox /
Google Drive Sync feature in Foxit
Android
Working on Android is a bit simpler than iOS, because most Android PDF Apps automatically sync
your changes back to Dropbox.
Method 1 – web > PDF App > cloud
Go to the Readings in Wattle > Open the reading in your web browser > Choose to OPEN WITH a
PDF App > Read and annotate (the PDF app will automatically save changes back to Dropbox)
Method 2 – cloud (on PC) > cloud (on iPad) > PDF App
Go to the Readings in Wattle > Save the reading you want to Dropbox on your computer > Open
Dropbox on your iPad > choose the reading, and OPEN IN a PDF App > Read and annotate (the PDF
app will automatically save changes back to Dropbox)
cloud storage
The “cloud” is simply a server somewhere else that you have access to via the internet. You can
backup your files (or at least some of them) to a cloud storage service, and with many you can
even synchronise your files across all your devices (desktop, laptop, mac, and even your phone
and tablet – sort of).
There are many cloud storage providers, including Box, Sugarsync (more secure storage),
Microsoft OneDrive, and Apple’s iCloud (strangely, a lot of PDF Apps for iPads don’t work with
iCloud). The most popular at the moment are:
Dropbox gives you 2gb of space when you sign up. When you install the Dropbox App
on your PC or Mac, it creates a folder on your computer. Anything you put in that
folder will automatically be uploaded to the Dropbox servers – as long as you are
connected to the internet. Anything added to the Dropbox servers from another
device that you have installed Dropbox on will be automatically downloaded to all
the devices connected to your Dropbox account. There are apps for Android and iOS
as well as PCs and Macs – but on Android and IOS you have to make files “favorites”
to keep them permenantly on your device, so that your Dropbox account doesn’t fill
up your memory! You can also use the web interface to browse your files, and upload
and download files one at a time.
If you don’t already have a Dropbox account, you can get an extra 500mb by signing
up via this link:
https://db.tt/RycsvVd
Google Drive gives you 15gb of space, and you can download apps for PCs, Macs,
Android and IOS, just like Dropbox. Google Drive is also linked to Google Docs, so you
can do all your work online.
Using cloud storage to back up and sync your work can be very convenient, but don’t forget that
it’s not hugely secure (Sugarsync claims to be much more secure than the others) so don’t put
passports and bank details online. If you don’t want other people to see it, don’t put it in the
cloud!