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Review of The Related Literature Raia Final

This document reviews literature on using discarded Styrofoam and oyster shells as partial substitutes for concrete bricks. Previous studies found that oyster shells, which contain high levels of calcium carbonate like limestone used in cement, can substitute for masonry cement due to similar properties. Polystyrene from Styrofoam can also potentially be used as an adhesive when dissolved in acetone. The researchers aim to develop new knowledge on utilizing these waste materials in brick production by studying how their properties complement each other to potentially create lighter, stronger concrete bricks with reduced costs.

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Shane Giacinth Amarila
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173 views4 pages

Review of The Related Literature Raia Final

This document reviews literature on using discarded Styrofoam and oyster shells as partial substitutes for concrete bricks. Previous studies found that oyster shells, which contain high levels of calcium carbonate like limestone used in cement, can substitute for masonry cement due to similar properties. Polystyrene from Styrofoam can also potentially be used as an adhesive when dissolved in acetone. The researchers aim to develop new knowledge on utilizing these waste materials in brick production by studying how their properties complement each other to potentially create lighter, stronger concrete bricks with reduced costs.

Uploaded by

Shane Giacinth Amarila
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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I.

REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE

The research studies the utilization of discarded Styrofoam and Oyster

shells as a partial substitute to the production of concrete bricks. Where

the researchers are able to gather new knowledge, strategies, and develop

skills through the conducted experiment, process and procedure of the

research topic.

This study is anchored on the theory of aquatic animal shells as

partial substitute for masonry cement mortar by Dr. Noel D. Binag. In this

study, Dr. Binag discovered that aquatic animal shells when transformed

into powder can be utilized as partial substitute for masonry cement mortar

due to its similar physical, chemical and mechanical properties, especially

its workability, specific gravity, and compressive strength. Oyster shells

contain limestone similar to a main raw cement material that has 80%

limestone, making it a material that can be a suitable component to be

used in cement manufacturing process, it is therefore possible to substitute

shell ash cement. On further research, marine shells are reported as a

considered various type of material for construction due to the value added

as well as the opportunity to recycle shell wastes and the components it

possessed (Binag, 2017).


According to Hamester, Balzer and Becker (2012), Oyster shells have

a high content of calcium carbonate in mussel and oyster shells, which can

be used in the formulation of medicine, in construction or as filler in

polymer materials. Furthermore, the researchers concluded that the

composites of commercial CaCO3 and mussel or oyster shells were similar,

despite the great difference in particle size and distribution of particle size.

Calcium carbonate is critical to the construction industry, both as a building

material in its own right, and as an ingredient of cement. It contributes to

the making of mortar used in bonding bricks, concrete blocks, stones,

roofing shingles, rubber compounds, and tiles. Calcium carbonate

decomposes to form carbon dioxide and lime, an important material in

making steel, glass, and paper. Because of its antacid properties, calcium

carbonate is used in industrial settings to neutralize acidic conditions in

both soil and water.

This study is anchored on the theory of polystyrene as a substitute

for adhesive. According to This states that a product that is composed of

polystyrene has the capability of being utilized as an adhesive. Polystyrene

is made up of polymer which is a large molecule composed of many

repeated sub units. The materials have unique properties, depending on


the type of molecules being bonded and how they are bonded. Some

polymers bend and stretch, like rubber and polyester According to the

study; it is injected with gases during the manufacturing process and

becomes extremely lightweight, with about 95 percent air. Polystyrene is a

strong plastic created from ethylene and benzene. It can be injected,

extruded or blow-molded. This makes it a very useful and versatile

manufacturing material.

When combined with an acetone which is a good solvent for many plastics,

the Styrofoam then dissolves in the acetone becoming

The Styrofoam does not completely disappear, even though it looks like it

has. Rather, the polystyrene molecules are actually present in the acetone

solution. The reaction between Styrofoam and acetone shows how soluble

this plastic is in an organic solvent and how much air is in Styrofoam.

Properties of Styrofoam and Oyster shells that complements each other,

“When plastics are added in a raw material, it increases the volume void of

the empty spaces and reduces the weight of the bricks. A light weight

bricks can decrease the transportation cost from transport damage or


breakage in the industry and could improve its resistance to earthquake

forces. In addition, adding oyster shells is 90% similar to the limestone

dust that has been used in a cement production.” (2019). Moreover,

“Oyster shells are mainly composed of Calcite and Aragonite that is capable

of increasing the strength and improve the thermal stability of the cement

production. Thus, it is partially similar to the particle size of the raw

materials of cement but this concrete is more

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