Ongoing Building Commissioning Best Practices
Ongoing Building Commissioning Best Practices
COMMISSIONING
BEST PRACTICES
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CONTENTS
Introduction ......................................................................................................... i
Acknowledgments ............................................................................................. iv
Executive Summary ............................................................................................ 1
1 Planning Phase .............................................................................................. 5
1.1 Engage a Commissioning Provider ......................................................................................... 5
1.1.1 Process ..................................................................................................................................................... 5
1.1.2 Qualifications ........................................................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Define and Document OCx Goals and Objectives ................................................................... 6
1.2.1 Establish a Rough Order of Magnitude of Costs and Benefits ................................................................. 6
1.2.2 Develop and Document Clear Goals and Objectives. .............................................................................. 6
1.3 Conduct a Preliminary Cost Benefit Analysis ......................................................................... 7
1.4 Identify and Form a Multi‐Disciplinary Team ......................................................................... 8
1.4.1 OCx Team Roles and Responsibilities ...................................................................................................... 9
1.4.1.1 Commissioning Provider Lead ......................................................................................................... 9
1.4.1.2 Systems Integrator (SI) .................................................................................................................. 10
1.4.1.3 Owner OCx Champion(s) ............................................................................................................... 11
1.4.1.4 Owner’s IT Representative ............................................................................................................ 11
1.4.1.5 Facility and BAS Manager .............................................................................................................. 11
1.4.1.6 Building Operator/Engineer(s) ...................................................................................................... 12
1.4.1.7 Technology Provider/ EMIS Expert ............................................................................................... 12
1.4.1.8 EMIS Maintenance Staff ................................................................................................................ 12
1.5 Perform Condition Assessment / Measurement Baseline .................................................... 12
1.5.1 Scope Building and Systems and Prioritize Systems and Strategies ...................................................... 13
1.5.2 Review and Update the Current Facility Requirements (CFRs) ............................................................. 13
1.6 Conduct a Gap Analysis of Existing Technology Infrastructure ............................................. 14
1.6.1 Review Available Data Sources .............................................................................................................. 14
1.6.2 Ascertain Data Quality and Validity ....................................................................................................... 15
1.7 Determine Technology Use and Design ............................................................................... 15
1.8 Develop Steps for Implementation of Findings .................................................................... 15
1.9 Develop and Formalize OCx Plan ......................................................................................... 15
1.9.1 Create Project Management Plan for Implementation of Findings ....................................................... 16
1.9.2 Create Change Management Plan for OCx‐Impacted Parties ................................................................ 17
1.10 Planning Phase Deliverables ............................................................................................... 17
2 Implementation Phase ................................................................................ 18
2.1 Preparation Sub‐Phase ........................................................................................................ 18
2.1.1 Engage OCx Team Selected During Planning ......................................................................................... 18
2.1.2 Create a Diagnostic Plan ........................................................................................................................ 18
2.1.2.1 Define Diagnostic Tasks and Activities .......................................................................................... 19
2.1.2.2 Regulate Frequency and Depth of Investigations ......................................................................... 20
2.1.2.3 Define Expected Output ................................................................................................................ 20
2.1.2.4 Establish How Issues Will be Identified ......................................................................................... 20
2.1.2.5 Prioritize, Classify and Track Issues ............................................................................................... 20
2.1.2.6 Define Data Monitoring Requirements and Tools ........................................................................ 21
2.1.2.7 Identify Required Analytics ........................................................................................................... 21
2.1.3 Align Data Monitoring with Diagnostic Plan .......................................................................................... 22
2.1.4 Implement the Diagnostic Plan .............................................................................................................. 22
2.1.4.1 Create Consistent Standard for Points Lists, Reports, and Metadata ........................................... 22
2.1.4.2 Determine Trending Intervals ....................................................................................................... 22
2.1.4.3 Set Alarm and Notification Priorities ............................................................................................ 23
2.1.4.4 Initiate Consistent Reporting Mechanisms ................................................................................... 23
2.1.4.5 Deliverables ................................................................................................................................... 23
2.1.5 Create or Update Facility Guide ............................................................................................................. 24
2.2 Execution Sub‐Phase ........................................................................................................... 24
2.2.1 Coordinate Preventive Maintenance ..................................................................................................... 24
2.2.1.1 Improve Information and Coordinate with Facility Activities ....................................................... 24
2.2.1.2 Use OCx Results and Process to Review PM Tasks........................................................................ 25
2.2.2 Conduct Technical/Technology Application Training ............................................................................ 25
2.2.2.1 Set up trainees with unique credentials and technology access. ................................................. 25
2.2.2.2 Provide and install software tools on trainees’ local computers. ................................................. 25
2.2.2.3 Create Technical Training Program ............................................................................................... 25
2.2.2.4 Review Curriculum in Advance ..................................................................................................... 25
2.2.2.5 Schedule Multiple Training Sessions ............................................................................................. 26
2.2.2.6 Develop A Standard for Recording Training .................................................................................. 26
2.2.3 Update and Prioritize Master List of Findings ........................................................................................ 26
2.2.3.1 Document and Align Findings with Action Work Flow .................................................................. 26
2.2.3.2 Record Issues and Classify ............................................................................................................. 26
2.2.3.3 Communicate Issues to the Team ................................................................................................. 26
2.2.4 Establish Communication/Coordination Methods and Procedures ...................................................... 27
2.2.5 Take Corrective Actions ......................................................................................................................... 27
2.2.5.1 Discuss and Review Potential Changes ......................................................................................... 27
2.2.5.2 Obtain Owner’s Approval .............................................................................................................. 27
2.2.5.3 Proceed with Approved Action Items ........................................................................................... 27
2.2.5.4 Perform Diagnostic Activities ........................................................................................................ 27
2.2.5.5 Collect and Document System Changes ........................................................................................ 27
2.2.5.6 Review and Report Impact of Changes ......................................................................................... 28
2.2.5.7 Consider Secondary/Tertiary Impacts of Changes ........................................................................ 28
2.2.5.8 Provide Follow‐Up Reporting to Commissioning Team ................................................................ 28
2.2.6 Track Building Performance ................................................................................................................... 28
2.2.6.1 Establish and Maintain Baseline/Benchmarks and Comparison Metrics ...................................... 28
2.2.6.2 Employ All Available Utility Metering and Sub‐Metering ............................................................. 28
2.2.7 Update OCx Plan .................................................................................................................................... 29
2.3 Implementation Phase Deliverables .................................................................................... 29
3 Sustaining Phase ......................................................................................... 29
3.1 Implement Operating and Maintenance Procedures ........................................................... 30
3.1.1 Provide Regular Preventive Maintenance (PM) ..................................................................................... 30
3.2 Transition to Stable Operations .......................................................................................... 30
3.2.1 Update CFRs, OCx and Related OCx Process .......................................................................................... 31
3.3 Monitor and Report Results ................................................................................................ 31
3.3.1 Monitor Results of Documented Corrective Actions ............................................................................. 31
3.3.2 Inform Stakeholders of Performance .................................................................................................... 31
3.4 Sustaining Phase Deliverables ............................................................................................. 31
4 Definitions and Abbreviations ..................................................................... 33
4.1 Abbreviations Used in this Document ................................................................................. 33
4.2 Definitions .......................................................................................................................... 34
5 References .................................................................................................. 37
Introduction
Ongoing Commissioning (OCx) is not new to the building industry. In the past it has commonly been
used as a means to provide sustained performance from New and Existing Building Commissioning as
well as an approach for applying technology‐based solutions for optimizing building performance. As the
commissioning industry continues to evolve — and as technology becomes more prolific in its ability to
manage building performance data — OCx has likewise become a more common practice of
commissioning providers. The Building Commissioning Association (BCxA) has identified the market and
technical need for a set of Best Practices to guide the application and approach of OCx. The purpose is to
provide further clarity for commissioning stakeholders, in order to educate and maintain the benchmark
of standards for planning and implementing ongoing commissioning.
The methods and approach of OCx for sustaining building performance have a close correlation to other
building performance services, including technology‐based solutions, (e.g., monitoring‐based
commissioning that utilizes energy management and information systems) and in the sustaining
performance phases of New and Existing Building Commissioning.
For clarification, OCx is differentiated from other services by those best practices as a specific process of
monitoring, investigating, evaluating, and improving systems’ performance to maintain the current
functional requirements and performance standards of the built infrastructure. The distinction of OCx
from other forms of commissioning lies in its application as the continuing, sustaining process of
investigation, evaluation, monitoring, and implementation of facility performance measures over time,
even as long as the life of the building.
OCx Best Practices are closely tied to New Construction Commissioning and Existing Building
Commissioning (NCCx and EBCx), as it relates to sustaining building performance. In fact, implementing
OCx might itself be regarded as a best practice for those commissioning services. For clarity, OCx Best
Practices are implemented in conjunction with NCCx and EBCx Best Practices when the typical
commissioning period for those particular commissioning services is over, generally one year in
duration. This ensures that the commissioning stakeholders are implementing the additional detailed
Best Practices, defined here, when the commissioning period is of sufficient length to warrant the
additional focus and standards of an OCx‐specific approach.
Relationship of OCx to Existing Building Commissioning (EBCx)
The close relationship between OCx and EBCx is evident. As technology plays a larger role in OCx and
EBCx, continuous monitoring and evaluation of systems performance is increasingly commonplace. This
document offers clarification for the appropriate definition in the overall approach to OCx, including
starting the OCx process within the EBCx process or after NCCx.
Generally, OCx begins with the completion of EBCx, after the Current Facility Requirements (CFRs) were
defined and the systems were tested and corrected to support the CFRs. TO ensure the ongoing
sustained performance of the facility to meet the CFR requirements, it’s appropriate *during* the EBCx
process to start planning for an OCx process.
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When considering timing and scale of a sustainable commissioning effort, if active commissioning of an existing
building extends for less than about a year, then EBCx Best Practices generally provide the guidance necessary for
this shorter duration of commissioning. This is completed in the Hand‐Off Phase of EBCx or during a similar plan
during the first year of occupancy in NCCx with the use of performance tracking. For longer‐term sustained
performance results, a formal OCx approach is utilized.
As Best Practices are applied, it is important to understand that OCx is a professional service that uses a variety of
tools, technologies, and approaches for improving and sustaining building performance. The OCx process is not in
itself a technology‐specific solution for facilities.
In addition to the timeline of OCx Planning, which should occur within the NCCx and/or EBCx processes (depending
on whether you’re starting within an existing facility or following new construction, OCx often incorporates
processes such as Monitoring‐Based Commissioning (MBCx), including technology‐specific Fault Detection and
Diagnostics (FDD), Energy management and information systems (EMIS) and other performance tracking and
analytics solutions, set up for which also occurs during the EBCx or NCCx process. It’s important to distinguish that
OCx is a process that is applied by a commissioning provider in collaboration with the building Owner, operators,
and other stakeholders, while technology‐centric tools are just that: tools that aid the process.
OCx can be applied to any number of facility types, sizes, and ages ‐ using the existing facility technology available
as well as implementing additional technology solutions to aid in data collection, management, analytics and
monitoring. However, OCx is not limited only to facilities with existing building automation systems (BAS) or similar
controls technology.
As an example, the process of applying a periodic regular review and verification of sustained facility performance
for a building with pneumatic systems can be done with the application of the OCx Best Practices, without the
express need of any additional monitoring or data collection tools. However, as is identified within the OCx Best
Practices, data collection, monitoring, and analytics can provide significant value as tools supporting the OCx
process. As such, the OCx Best Practices identify key stakeholders that aid in the design and implementation of
supporting technology solutions and provide direction for the use of BAS and various other data sources in the OCx
approach.
While the OCx process is applied to all facility performance aspects, including maintenance and comfort, energy
performance is a key aspect of optimizing and sustaining performance of the facility. Specific to energy
performance, the technology solution leveraged by OCx often includes the EMIS, including the Energy Information
System (EIS) analytics at the meter level and FDD analytics at the systems level. Using an EMIS as part of the OCx
project can significantly help with the ongoing tracking and evaluation of the facility performance as part of the
OCx project because the visualization of data and identification of faults or opportunities for improved performance
are automated through the software.
This Best Practices document uses additional sidebars to identify how to implement and leverage technology
solutions in the OCx project. These tools for OCx are “enablers.” The Best Practices are not intended to imply that
these technology solutions are required for the OCx approach to be successful, but when MBCx, FDD or EMIS
technologies are available and within the budget, and staffing limitations of projects are of sufficient size, they are
considered best practice.
As facility technology continues to advance, including the increased use of MBCx‐related tools, including EMIS and
its subset, EIS, the OCx Best Practices will be reviewed and updated to ensure the process and methods remain
current with the use of these tools.
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BCxA Best Practices Portfolio
The Building Commissioning Association (BCxA) is composed of Owners, engineers, architects,
contractors, commissioning providers and users of commissioning services in their day‐to‐day
operations. Members represent a broad cross‐section of interests and are associated with many sectors
of the facilities and construction community.
As an organization dedicated to furthering our industry’s understanding and maintaining the highest
possible quality of building commissioning, the BCxA is committed to defining the Best Practices for
Commissioning.
BCxA is implementing an evaluation strategy to ensure appropriate and effective evaluation of all
commissioning standards and guidelines at all levels. Recognizing that each project might require a
different approach depending on the circumstances, the BCxA emphasizes that the list of Best Practices
does not indicate mandates.
To meet our commitment to remain the leading authority and clearinghouse for commissioning
professional services, the BCxA Best Practices criteria were developed from diverse industry resources,
input from experienced professional providers and vendors supporting OCx solutions, among others.
Subsequent to finalizing this document, the public and members of the BCxA Board and Chapters were
asked to comment and make suggestions.
This BCxA Best Practices document, therefore, presents the first‐of‐its‐kind, practical contribution to the
Building Commissioning profession as a whole. This report also draws extensively upon years of real‐
world experience by the authors, editors and reviewers as a result of managing a wide array of OCx
projects. These Best Practices are intended to promote high quality, consistency, efficiency and
flexibility in the OCx industry.
In conjunction with the New Construction and Existing Building Commissioning Best Practices, the
following Best Practices for Ongoing Commissioning (OCx) are provided as a reference for
commissioning providers and stakeholders throughout the building industry.
Suggestions from other related industry and commissioning organizations are invited.
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Acknowledgments
The Building Commissioning Association (BCxA) is fortunate to have access to numerous commissioning
and industry professionals who practice state‐of‐the‐art building commissioning every day. We are
grateful for their time and intense effort to bring this Ongoing Commissioning Best Practices update into
being. These subject matter experts have authored, reviewed, edited, and built the Best Practices
document for reference to our industry. The OCx Best Practices Subcommittee acknowledges the
thoughtful and essential contributions made by members of BCxA, providing invaluable input and
comment on the various drafts as we worked to complete this document. Their insight and vast
experience in the field reinforce the building industry’s recognition of Best Practices in commissioning.
Thank you!
Content and Editorial: OCx Best Practices Subcommittee
Janelle Griffin, RTI International
Kelsey Leslie, Paladin Inc.
Jesse Sycuro, BGIS
Diana Bjornskov, Building Commissioning Association
Industry Contributors: Review and Commentary
Hannah Kramer, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Ian Meredith, Natural Resources Canada
Bruce Pitts, BCxA Professional Development Committee Chair
Editorial: BCxA Best Practices Committee
Karl Stum, Summit Building Engineering
Kent Barber, Keithly Barber Associates
Jim Feeney, Grumman/Butkus Associates
A.J. Kindya, Colliers
David Lewis, Clayco, Inc.
Jack Schirpke, Total Mechanical
Wade Berner, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Editorial: Selected BCxA International Board of Directors
BCxA Staff Contributors
Liz Fischer, Executive Director
Sheri Adams, Member Relations Manager
Nicole Gardner, Marketing and Events Manager
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Executive Summary
The term Best Practices generally refers to a procedure that has been shown by research and experience
to produce optimal results and that is established or proposed as a standard suitable for widespread
adoption. This document describes the current best practices approach to Ongoing Commissioning
(OCx), identifies the steps and why they are best practices for continuous quality performance
improvement across the building industry.
The OCx objective is to make the building systems perform in an integrated manner to meet the current
facility requirements (CFRs), and Owner goals and objectives for the facility …over the long term.
Definition of Ongoing Commissioning (OCx)
Ongoing Commissioning is the means and process of investigation, evaluation, monitoring, and
implementation of improvement measures related to facility performance on a continuous basis to
maintain the built infrastructure to the performance standards of the Current Facility Requirements.
As a continuation of the Commissioning (Cx) Process typically implemented following NCCx or EBCx, OCx
verifies that a facility continues to meet current and evolving CFR (or Owner’s Project Requirements for
new construction). Performance improvement process activities occur throughout the life of the facility;
some of these are continuous or close to continuous in implementation (OCx), others are scheduled as
needed (periodic EBCx).
Scope and Purpose of OCx
The scope of OCx includes existing buildings, systems and assemblies, which typically would be planned
for/scoped/set up in the Occupancy and Operations Phase of NCCx or the Hand‐Off Phase of EBCx.
Where it has been confirmed through assessment that the existing building(s), systems and assemblies
are performing at or near the performance levels of the CFR, OCx may be applied directly with or
without previously having been commissioned.
Buildings not working well can still have the sustaining OCx process applied after FDD has identified
issues and they have been updated/upgraded to meet the Owners’ CFR. The scope of OCx may be
limited to specific systems and assemblies, like energy‐using equipment, or broadened to the whole
building performance (e.g., comfort and temperature control, building enclosure, critical environment
availability, industrial processes, and/or life safety system performance).
The purpose of OCx is to maintain and continuously improve building performance for:
1. Evolving CFRs due to change in facility use, system changes, and/or building renovations.
2. Energy use reduction/containment while maintaining environmental condition requirements.
3. Proactively identifying degradation in system performance for correction prior to occupant
impact.
4. Proactively identifying degradation in system performance for correction prior to operational
(maintenance) or efficiency impact.
5. Providing measurement and verification of energy savings and performance validation following
facility and system updates.
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OCx addresses these performance goals by following a specifically designed, complete, and methodical
process. One step of that process introduces a corollary to the functional/system testing plan of the new
construction and existing building commissioning processes—the Diagnostic Plan. The Diagnostic Plan is
an outline version, or representation, of the regular commissioning activities that will be performed to
satisfy the monitoring and evaluation goals required to meet the scope of the project.
Key process elements of OCx include the following, which provide the means to assess and manage
building performance on an ongoing basis:
Regularly updating the CFRs based on a schedule, or evolving facility and facility use changes
Evaluating current facility and systems performance in alignment to the CFRs
Physically monitoring system and assembly performance in comparison to CFRs
Identifying performance trends with correction to system degradation
Leveraging technology (and regularly checking that it’s use is coordinated with the CFR) to
enable performance monitoring and optimization of systems
Phases of OCx
OCx comprises the following sequential phases. Each phase is discussed in a separate section of this
document.
1. Planning. Initial team formation, communication planning and facility condition assessment.
Includes documenting Owner’s goals and objectives (confirming performance criteria and/or
indicators) to guide the OCx scope of work; updating CFRs; evaluating existing technology to
identify (additional) metering and software requirements to enable the OCx process. An
outcome of the Planning Phase is the OCx Plan that guides the implementation and ongoing
sustainability for optimizing and maintaining facility performance.
2. Implementation. Implementation of people and technology as applicable to enable the OCx
process. Includes preparation of stakeholders, documentation and processes; identification of
performance findings in a Master List of Findings for correction; operating team coordination for
integration into preventive maintenance planning, system operation, and ongoing system
monitoring for transition of OCx to operating standards.
3. Sustaining. Means and methods to transition OCx monitoring and sustained building
performance to building operator and Owner core responsibilities. Ongoing management of CFR
changes for continuity of OCx process in response to changing building use and conditions.
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Figure 1. Ongoing Commissioning Process
Engage Commissioning Provider (CxP)
Define and Document Owner’s OCx Goals and Objectives
Conduct Preliminary Cost Benefit Analysis
Identify and Form Multi‐Disciplinary Team
Perform Condition Assessment,
documenting preliminary Master List of Findings
Planning Phase Review Current Facility Requirements (CFR)
Conduct Gap Analysis of Existing Technology Infrastructure
Determine Technology Use and Design
Develop Steps for Implementation of Findings
Develop and Formalize OCx Plan
Preparation Sub‐Phase
Engage OCx Team Selected During Planning
Create Diagnostic Plan
Align Data Monitoring with Diagnostic Plan
Implement Diagnostic Plan
Create or Update Facility Guide
Execution Sub‐Phase
Coordinate Preventive Maintenance
Implementation Phase Conduct Technical/Technology Application Training
Update, Prioritize Master List of Findings
Establish Communication/Coordination Methods and Procedures
Take Corrective Actions
Track Building Performance
Update OCx Plan
Implement Operating and Maintenance Procedures
Sustaining Phase Transition to Stable Operations
Monitor and Report Results
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Independent Third‐Party Commissioning Provider
As a Best Practice, it is advisable for most Owners to hire an independent third party to provide
commissioning services that acts directly as the Owner’s advocate as the Commissioning Provider (CxP).
The CxP organizes and implements the OCx process, with the building Owner and operators being a
critical part of the OCx team throughout the phases of OCx. As the OCx process moves through the
Sustaining Phase, building operators further increase their engagement and take the lead on ongoing
sustained performance management using the OCx process in the Sustaining Phase. Once fully
transitioned to standard operations, the CxP’s role usually becomes more periodic to support OCx
process updates with changes to the CFR and applicable system changes.
Figure 2 below shows the evolution of third‐party commissioning provider and building staff
involvement associated with the phase‐by‐phase incremental delivery of OCx.
Figure 2. Third‐party CxP and Building Operator Engagement by Phase
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1 P LANNING P HASE
When developing a plan for OCx (ideally within the NCCx or EBCx process unless OCx is developed as a
stand‐alone process) the objective of the Planning Phase is to confirm and clearly document the Owner’s
project goals and objectives; evaluate the applicability of OCx to the project; scope, design and plan for
the applicable technology tool(s) to be implemented to support the project; and document the plan for
OCx.
The Planning Phase includes these activities:
Engaging a CxP
Defining and Documenting Owner’s OCx Goals and Objectives
Conducting a Preliminary Cost Benefit Analysis
Identifying and Forming a Multi‐Disciplinary Team
Performing Condition Assessment, documenting the preliminary Master List of Findings
Review the Current Facility Requirements (CFR)
Conducting a Gap Analysis for Existing Technology Infrastructure
Determining Technology Use and Design
Developing and Formalizing OCx Plan including
o Project Management Plan
o Change Management Plan
1.1.2 Qualifications
Best practice qualifications specific to an OCx project commissioning provider include:
1. Experience and expertise with the type of building, safety, security and occupancy the project
entails, i.e., vertical market segment. Commercial office, healthcare, K‐12, data centers and
laboratories are all examples of vertical market segments for which the CxP’s experience would
be a key qualification. Higher education, while often considered as a single market segment,
requires experience for the specific facility types involved in the project.
2. Relevant, documented experience with commissioning the current and expected assemblies,
systems, and equipment in the building.
3. Experience with long‐term planning, including preventive maintenance, monitoring and
emergency planning (with regards to systems and assemblies), and long‐term cost‐benefit or life
cycle analyses.
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4. Documented experience overseeing the implementation and/or self‐performing
implementation of the facility improvement measures (FIMs) anticipated for the OCx project.
5. Experience in overseeing technology solution implementation as applicable to the OCx project
requirements (mindfulness for master‐planning, asset tracking/planning, e.g.)
6. Experience navigating the challenges and mitigating risks of performing commissioning work in
existing facilities, including considerations for normal operations, maintenance schedules, and
even emergency procedures, over the long term.
7. Proven track record for achieving the facility performance, operational and/or energy savings
when part of the project objectives.
8. Experience assembling Diagnostic Plans and OCx project scopes (including the “when” as well as
the “what”).
The OCx goals and objectives should be set as quantifiable, realistic and as concrete as possible — as
early as possible. However, as the Planning Phase progresses, some goals and the methods for their
achievement may change. Goals should not jeopardize parameters of the CFR or an existing OPR. For
example, goals would not violate comfort or reliability requirements to improve energy saving,
accommodate aggressive occupancy schedules, or require convoluted equipment programming.
The CxP works with the Owner to ensure mutual understanding of how to best apply the OCx process
for the project at hand. For example, if the facilities manager is mandated to meet cost, savings, rating
system or other criteria, the OCx effort is different from directives to reduce energy use or reduce the
environmental footprint. If the Owner has a sustainability initiative, the OCx program integrates
activities designed to meet sustainability goals.
By knowing the Owner’s purpose for the project and expected outcomes, informed decisions can be made around
the level of effort and investments appropriate to support the program. Engaging the Owner to establish goals for
the result of the project provides direction and a constant guide for the project.
As an OCx program becomes more established, the process supports goals and objectives such as:
Identifying potential comfort issues before impacting occupants.
Determining what tools have better value for how a facility operates.
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Calibrating the frequency of certain monitoring or performance verification tasks (appropriate
to the facility and budget).
Informing preventative and predictive maintenance schedules based on monitored data.
Providing automated preliminary root cause analysis of control or equipment issues to inform
maintenance action.
Enable Owner, facility management, and Operations and Maintenance (O&M) staff decision
making through facility performance data and reporting.
Training O&M staff for optimized systems performance.
Sustaining performance with energy management and utility bill tracking.
Modifying occupant and tenant behavior through transparency and real‐time feedback tools
that identify building use inefficiencies and benefits of improved facility use.
During the goals and objectives development process, the CxP helps the Owner identify, at a high level,
what type of data gathering, data analysis, reporting and long‐term engagement with the data are
desired. For example, is the Owner interested in very sophisticated automated diagnostics or are they
willing to perform some data gathering and analysis on their own or with consultants? Do they want a
turnkey service with engagement by analytic firms or the OCx provider, or just to help with
infrastructure and putting a dashboard in place?
The CxP’s Role in Technology Selection
A CxP’s responsibility is to guide the Owner (owner team) to understand that the OCx process is what results in
better buildings. Many Owners will be interested in adopting technology for many reasons that are correlated or
indirectly related to building performance but may not be direct drivers of performance improvement. This may
include dashboards, automating manual energy management and utility bill reporting and analysis, or being a part
of technological advancement in big data and analytics. The CxP should be able to identify the technology tools and
stakeholders that will be needed to support the Owner’s goals and objectives and ensure the tools selected are
supporting the OCx project.
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1.4 Identify and Form a Multi-Disciplinary Team
The Cx Team is composed of professionals and stakeholders who drive the project to completion and
sustain the program. The specific roles and responsibilities of the team will change depending on the
phase of the OCx project. The chart below describes core team roles by phase, which is followed by a
more detailed description of each team member’s responsibilities.
are part of the OCx team as required by the technology solution identified for the project.
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1.4.1 OCx Team Roles and Responsibilities
Determine availability of existing internal resources and determine the needs for sourcing for external
resources to acquire the skills, experience, and expertise for the OCx project to meet the goals and
objectives.
1.4.1.1 Commissioning Provider Lead
The CxP is the overall lead who plans, directs and coordinates the commissioning team and the OCx
process. OCx requires a deep integration of the CxP into the Owner’s O&M activities. The CxP’s role is to
drive the team to the intended results, guiding the use of various tools and activities along the way.
The commissioning provider serves in many capacities throughout an OCx project. The overall role of the
CxP is to:
Manage the OCx process and cadence of ongoing activities
With the Owner, define a project scope of work
Define the data requirements
Guide the specification or application of technology to the OCx project scope
Develop the OCx plan
Oversee development of the Diagnostic Plan and execution
Develop actionable recommendations, including development of written scopes of work or
criteria, for documenting the work required for implementing measures
Oversee adherence to the project management procedures established
Oversee adherence to the change management procedures established
Verification of implemented measures
CxPs offering technology‐focused OCx experience also can undertake responsibilities related to tools, such as the
EMIS, which comprises a broad family of tools and services to manage commercial building energy use. These
technologies offer a mix of capabilities to store, analyze, and display energy use and system data, and in some
cases, provide control. EMIS is an umbrella term that covers both meter‐level and system‐level EMIS, used to
manage facility energy information and data including the baseline, benchmark, and ongoing tracking of utility bill,
utility meter, and related submeter data. EMIS may also be integrated to the BMS/BAS for system specific data
management and performance evaluation.
CxP – Owner with Existing EMIS. The CxP uses an Owner’s existing EMIS as a tool for providing OCx
services. The CxP provides commissioning services to interpret and investigate results presented
through the EMIS. The CxP scope includes ongoing services, and may also include scoping,
implementation, and commissioning of measures identified during the process.
CxP – EMIS facilitator. A more common scenario may be an Owner that has a rich data set derived
from existing meters and building automation systems and is interested in deploying an EMIS to
make better use of the data. The CxP assists the Owner to procure an EMIS by facilitating the
development of an RFP. Like the development of an OPR for a building, this requires input from all
stakeholders to facilitate decision‐making on key questions in the technology deployment. The CxP,
as a building systems expert, can provide the following:
Systems to be included in analysis
Points lists and associated data management requirements
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Analytic functions and faults required for specific systems
How the EMIS will be used by O&M staff, features required to support their workflow
Integration to the computerized maintenance management system (CMMS)
Understanding of the broader organization goals, and how the EMIS can support these
CxP – EMIS Provider. Some CxPs may offer OCx with the EMIS technology bundled as a service. This
turnkey scenario allows the CxP to drive the process from start to finish. It does require the CxP to
also be a technology provider who takes on the project execution responsibilities and risk for
completing all aspects of the deployment. Many CxPs have staff with a high level of expertise in
building automation systems and system integration, which are key elements of the technology
integration. In a variation of this, the CxP can partner with a technology provider to provide turnkey
technology, but as a subcontractor to the CxP for a turnkey solution to the Owner.
Conflicts of Interest. In keeping with the BCxA Essential Attributes of Commissioning, when the CxP
firm is also providing the EMIS or contracting with the EMIS provider, the CxP should inform the
Owner of the conflict of interest in its installation and address the special assurance and control
measures and verification of performance that will be enlisted to manage the conflict.
Does the OCx Commissioning Provider have to design and implement the technology solution?
The design, procurement, and installation of the technology solutions may or may not be led by the CxP. The CxP
may or may not have the in‐house expertise to design and implement the technology for use in OCx. However, the
CxP must be able to ensure the technology proposed and installed will meet the functional requirements for use in
the OCx process and ongoing building performance.
1.4.1.2 Systems Integrator (SI)
A Systems Integrator has experience and skill in setting up communication between systems to share
real‐time and/or historic data streams. Depending on the architecture, this may include utilizing
common building systems communication protocols such as BACnet or Modbus, but may also include
the sharing and storing of data between databases. The systems integrator must also have experience in
networking, including network security and good network traffic management practices. Finally, a
systems integrator must also have working knowledge of hardware installation and application and
wiring to fully implement a solution.
For Owners without an existing EMIS, an experienced Systems Integrator often possesses the most
elusive and needed skill set on the team to move the project from a great candidate for a monitoring‐
based approach and successful implementation of an EMIS with building data. As a practical reality of
implementation, the CxP identifies this need early and facilitates the Systems Integrator being filled on
the team, regardless of whether hired by the CxP, Owner, or technology provider. The overall role of the
System Integrator is to:
Provide expertise and recommendations for the use of the existing BAS controls and meters to
be used in the OCx process
Set up data transfer methods and protocols between monitoring, metering, BAS and EMIS
systems
Coordinate with Owner’s IT representative to implement and maintain data management and
technology communication strategies
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1.4.1.3 Owner OCx Champion(s)
OCx Champions are critical to the process as project manager(s) and coordinator(s) for decision‐making,
coordinating commissioning activities performed by in‐house personnel and service contractors hired
directly by the Owner. For organizations with in‐house commissioning personnel, one person or
department may serve as both CxP and OCx Champion.
The overall role of the OCx Champion is to:
Provide clear direction from the Owner for the goals and objectives of the OCx program
Facilitate program acceptance and change management
Facilitate decision‐making and approvals from stakeholders inside the Owner’s organization
Coordinate OCx activities performed by internal staff and contractors hired by the Owner
Serve as primary point(s) of contact for the CxP
Projects are not always limited to a single OCx Champion. Depending on the size and scope of the project and
stakeholders involved, along with anticipated level of program acceptance and change management throughout
the process, more than one Champion may be useful, coupled with a clear communication plan.
1.4.1.4 Owner’s IT Representative
The Owner’s IT representative is the Owner and decision‐maker of the IT infrastructure – typically
network, switches, servers, and firewall – that the technology solution may use. The Owner’s IT
department may also enforce data security standards and retention protocols that dictate the roll‐out of
a technology solution. As the IT infrastructure owner, this must be in‐house or a delegated firm with
decision‐making authority on behalf of the Owner’s infrastructure used in the process.
The overall role of the IT Representative is to:
Provide recommendations and participate in approval process for hardware, networking,
security and firewalls, and data security related to OCx activities
Serve as liaison between OCx team and IT organization
Provide expertise during discussion of data transfer to include current and potential bandwidth
implications (like 5G now or in future), switch and router additions/reconfigurations,
implementing VLANs, remote access, network cybersecurity and the hardening of any
technology communicating through Owner firewall
1.4.1.5 Facility and BAS Manager
This is the person(s) most familiar with the building’s control system and architecture. The overall role of
the Facility and BAS Manager is to:
Provide oversight and decision‐making relative to the building automation system
Advise OCx team on existing system limitations, vulnerabilities, and the long‐term BAS
technology roadmap
Review and approve any modification or third‐party system that will affect BAS system
communication, resources, or server requirements
Commit resources for implementation of measures, conducting maintenance activities, and
training activities
Provide updates for building use modifications and renovations to be incorporated into the
Facility Guide
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1.4.1.6 Building Operator/Engineer(s)
Building operators and engineers are integral to the OCx team; OCx cannot proceed or succeed without
their involvement. The overall role of the Building Operator/Engineer(s) is to:
Provide input to the OCx Plan and Change Management Plan
Provide input to the Diagnostic Plan
Assist in confirming or managing the CFR
Discuss ideas and findings with the CxP
Work with the CxP to implement and verify measures
Perform simple repairs and improvements
Observe and accept turnover of repairs completed by third party contractors
Assume overall responsibility for OCx in the Sustaining Phase
1.4.1.7 Technology Provider/ EMIS Expert
Many Owners may hire a technology provider to install, program, and service their EMIS solution
consistent with a Software‐as‐a‐Service (SaaS) contractual agreement. In other cases, the EMIS may be
delivered as a turnkey package and completely supported by an in‐house person familiar with the facility
and systems. The overall role of the Technology Provider/EMIS Expert is to:
Set up the EMIS for the project
Implement the tracking, analytics, dashboard, as required by the CxP and Diagnostic Plan
1.4.1.8 EMIS Maintenance Staff
EMIS Maintenance Staff is either an Owner’s in‐house representative or a third‐party consulting entity,
depending on the Ownership/contract structure of the EMIS. The overall role of the EMIS Maintenance
Staff is to:
Maintain and address issues with the EMIS post‐implementation.
Conduct planned maintenance associated with the EMIS including software updates, database
management
Adapt EMIS to respond to updates in the Diagnostic plan and OCx plan during Sustaining Phase
Evaluate the capability of the BAS and any metering and monitoring systems at a high level at this stage
to understand their general capabilities and limitations for supporting an OCx program.
The distinction between commissioning versus an engineering survey in most technical conversations seems to
come down to the inclusion of measurements. For assessments, it’s easy to pair the site observation with
instantaneous measurements (like temp or running amps) as you go, or even compare or capture trends in order to
establish conditions in a conclusive (measured) versus less conclusive survey (eyeballed but non‐measured) check.
The few seconds of time to take measurements often can provide more concrete evidence (measured data, even in
part) to firm up otherwise cursory observations.
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1.5.1 Scope Building and Systems and Prioritize Systems and Strategies
Develop and conduct a prioritization process for candidate systems and strategies. Take into account the
systems and control strategies in place such as systems with variable frequency drives (VFD), occupancy
controls, setbacks, resets and similar requirements that could allow for savings, as well as any gaps
between building performance and benchmark for that building type and climate zone. In a multi‐facility
campus or portfolio project, consider prioritizing by system type instead of by building, which will ensure
the OCx plan is applied to systems, buildings, and overall scope of work in alignment with the OCx goals
and objectives. For example, look at the chilled water systems in a group of similar buildings. Leverage
the condition assessment and the known project goals to scope the building systems and metering
needed, to help identify performance issues and monitor improvements.
The potential OCx project building is screened to identify:
Buildings that require significant capital upgrades to make monitoring or metering even possible
Buildings that are in poor operating condition and warrant EBCx prior to an OCx program.
Buildings that have insufficient operating or program budgets to conduct and maintain an OCx
program
Buildings with some of these characteristics may still benefit from OCx, but it is best practice to remedy
them to a significant degree before OCx is incorporated.
As the building systems and their performance are reviewed, the CxP documents their findings in the
preliminary Master List of Findings (MLOF). As an initial screening of the building, the Findings Log
documented here forms the preliminary actions to be taken to improve and sustain building
performance. The preliminary Master List of Findings is then updated in the Implementation and
Execution Phases of OCx and this list is continuously leveraged during the Sustaining Phase of OCx.
The screening process involves the following tasks:
Condition and capability assessment
Scoping of building and systems and prioritization of systems and strategies
Initial identification of performance change recommendations in the preliminary Master List of
Findings
The preliminary screening eliminates incorporating buildings or systems that require capital upgrades or
overhaul or where data cannot be easily extracted from the automation system and where applicable,
identifies the preliminary OCx findings to be implemented for improved facility performance.
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When there are significant gaps in facility use compared to the CFRs, there are significant issues with the
ability of systems to meet CFRs, or there are other performance considerations for the success of the
OCx project, the CxP evaluates the potential need to revise the project approach to existing building
commissioning prior to commencing OCx.
When to Consider EBCx
Implementing OCx for facilities with significant systems issues can lead to poor data availability, the wrong data,
and the lack of core building functions necessary to apply OCx strategies. Consider changing the project approach
to incorporate EBCx. As a Best Practice, OCx should immediately follow NCCx or EBCx projects. If OCx is being
implemented without prior NC/EB Cx of the facility then the Condition Assessment results must be evaluated to
ensure the facility condition will support the successful implementation of OCx. Systems that are not operational,
meters and sensors that are not communicating, and other critical system issues will limit the ability of OCx to
identify opportunities and may lead to invalid findings from OCx. Link EBCX BP here?
Too much of a good thing – avoiding data collection and analysis pitfalls
Avoid starting with the collection and attempt to analyze all available data at the start of the OCx project. Through
the Planning Phase and Implementation Phase, the Best Practice is to approach data collection and analysis
systematically to ensure data collected is data that will be used and that analytics implemented support the OCx
project goals and objectives. This Best Practice avoids the pitfall of collecting and managing large amounts of
miscellaneous data and data that is not used by the OCx project while also reducing the cost and time for analysis
of the data.
Review energy and water metering data to identify non‐monitored loads. Determine whether
measurement and verification will be necessary to support the results of the OCx project. Evaluate the
following to establish the state of the current technology and the ability to leverage it for OCx:
Data points available and whether historical trends are available
Existing utility meters and data retrieval and storage
Ability of the BAS to trend, store and allow retrieval of historical data
BAS remaining useful life
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Accessibility across the Owner’s network and offsite via the web of BAS resources and databases
Hardware supporting the BAS server software and limitations to its capacity and expansion
Conduct a high‐level assessment of the data sources. For instrumentation, ascertain when the latest
commissioning, retro‐commissioning, or calibration services were performed. Check data quality of a
historical data set to identify any sensors that are out of range, or have gaps in the data.
Once the data quality is determined, the CxP must work with the technology provider(s) and Systems
Integrator as applicable to incorporate data quality corrective actions in the OCx Plan, including the
calibration of meters and sensors as applicable.
If the Owner does not have an EMIS in place, the CxP leverages knowledge and expertise of the building
and EMIS technologies and guides the Owner in acquiring and deploying an appropriate EMIS system.
The CxP is involved in evaluating the validity of existing data to be used in data analysis. In some cases,
the CxP may be an EMIS provider, systems integrator, or consultant in the technology procurement and
selection process. Additional EMIS acquisition recommendations are provided under the Commissioning
Provider Lead article under the "Identify and Form a Multi‐Disciplinary Team" task in Article 1.4 above.
If the data quality or calibration is in question, calibration is performed on the critical instruments that will be used
in the data gathering and analysis.
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documents that evolve throughout the OCx process.1 Give consideration to the level of involvement of
all stakeholders and how the Owner and CxP work as an integrated team over time to achieve the OCx
goals.
The OCx Plan documents the methods and approach to be used in the project and includes:
Owner Goals and Objectives
OCx Team Roles and Responsibilities
Condition Assessment Results: Scope of Project and Prioritization
Gap Analysis of Existing Technology Infrastructure Results
Technology Use and Design
Project Management Plan
Change Management Plan
Implementation Process
o Diagnostic Plan
o Set Up Data Monitoring
o Technology use and implementation
o Facility Improvement Measure (FIM) implementation strategy
Sustaining Process
o Implement O&M Procedures
o Transition to stable operations
Define what information must be included for each measure and who must approve the measure, and
any key decision points such as the implementation team and funding type/source. Identify
implementation teams (internal, external, or both) that can be called on. The CxP will help identify
where implementation teams need to be identified for an Owner, either through internal workforce
development or identification of third‐party vendors. For all steps that require heavy CxP involvement,
identify what tasks or activities will shift in the Sustaining Phase to the O&M team for ongoing sustained
stable operations.
1
A Monitoring‐Based Commissioning Plan Template is publicly available. Retrieve from
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BzgPTwDtt6KdYkNYRDR3ZGMtUVU/view.
Building Technology and Urban Systems Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, DOE Building
Technologies Office. June 2017.
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1.9.2 Create Change Management Plan for OCx-Impacted Parties
During the Planning Phase consider the actions and timeline for communication and onboarding of all
parties that will be required to participate or be affected by the OCx project. This Change Management
Plan becomes part of the final OCx Plan and will consider:
Roles and responsibilities and gaps in filling the roles or in individual skills or ability
Communication plan
o Initial Roll‐out: Gain buy‐in and set expectations with all team members and affected
parties
o Reporting on progress to wider audience – senior management, financial officers, tenant
managers, corporate sustainability officers and similar
o Engagement of building occupants and tenants
Workflow processes that will change and how those changes are rolled out and implemented
Besides identifying improvements to operating parameters, the OCx Master List of Findings will also
identify the need for change by occupants, tenants, operators and others to reduce their impact on
facility energy impacts, the need to adjust behavior to support the CFRs and system capabilities, and
adjust roles and responsibilities for sustaining performance and using OCx tools and methods. The
Change Management Plan will describe how the impacted parties will be enlisted to make and sustain
recommended changes.
Engaging building occupants and tenants: Building occupants are key to implementing and sustaining a successful
OCx project. Setting expectations of their role during the Planning Phase will maximize their opportunity and
motivation to engage in the project. Specific interactions will include providing feedback to the OCx process, such as
to clarify space usage and hours of operation, potential need for behavior change to optimize performance and
comfort, disturbance to their work area during implementation, and changes to expect post‐implementation.
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2 I MPLEMENTATION P HASE
The objective of the Implementation Phase is to develop a Diagnostic Plan, apply the tasks described
therein, and identify specific energy conservation measures (ECMs) and facility improvement measures
(FIMs). The Implementation Phase has been divided into two sequenced sub‐phases—Preparation,
followed by Execution. During the Implementation Phase, Preparation and Execution sub‐phases may
each take several iterations until the desired outcome is achieved (prior to moving on to the Sustaining
Phase).
During both sub‐phases, the CxP continues to engage the OCx team especially personnel involved in
O&M. The findings, recommendations, and subsequent analysis are presented to the Owner for further
prioritization and selection of measures for implementation. In the Execution sub‐phase, the CxP applies
the documented metrics and diagnostic tasks and compiles the Master List of Findings.
The Implementation Phase includes these activities:
Implement Preparation Sub‐Phase
Engage OCx Team Selected During Planning
Create a Diagnostic Plan
Align Data Monitoring with Diagnostic Plan
Implement Diagnostic Plan
Create or Update Facility Guide
Implement Execution Sub‐Phase
Coordinate Preventive Maintenance
Conduct Technical/Technology Application Training
Update and Prioritize Master List of Findings
Establish Communication/Coordination Methods and Procedures
Take Corrective Actions
Update OCx Plan
Creation of the Diagnostic Plan occurs early in the Implementation Phase – prior to the setup of data
monitoring systems. This enables the OCx team to be deliberate in the data monitoring setup where the
number of points to monitor, frequency of data trends, and infrastructure setup are all services
completed explicitly in support of the OCx analytics requirements identified in the Diagnostic Plan. This
approach reduces the risk of data overload where the OCx team is unable to prioritize data due to the
volume of data and potentially stressing the IT infrastructure.
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Develop a Diagnostic Plan to outline the tasks and regular activities that will be performed to measure
and monitor the building’s performance and the criteria for identifying, classifying, and responding to
issues. The building metrics, data monitoring, and analytics are reviewed and confirmed to support
these tasks.
In cases where an EMIS is not being implemented as part of the OCx project, the Diagnostic plan will
need to specific the means that the project team will monitor performance of building systems using
available equipment readings and where possible, the BAS. This includes defining the expected
performance metrics, means to analyze actual performance in comparison to expectations, and
frequency that this analysis is to be completed. The resources necessary to complete a more manual
approach to the diagnostic plan is to be reviewed to ensure the plan can be supported for long term
implementation.
The Diagnostic Plan applies the available tools and data reporting to the Owner’s standards and policies
for the scope of building systems identified for Ongoing Commissioning. The tasks are intended to
complement the identified goals and priorities laid out in the OCx Plan.
The Functional Testing Plan featured in the New Construction or Existing Building Commissioning Plan is replaced
with a similar document that dovetails into the OCx Plan called the Diagnostic Plan. Just as the Functional Testing
Plan outlines equipment and systems for the Implementation Phase of the commissioning process, the Diagnostic
Plan describes the tasks/activities for the implementation of the OCx project. This document describes the tools
(physical and digital) required for the different components and lays out a sequence/checklist of steps for
evaluating the building/system performance. It also spells out the necessary participants for the activity.
2.1.2.1 Define Diagnostic Tasks and Activities
The Diagnostic Plan describes how to document/chart building and system metrics, review and analyze
monitored and trended data using tools like EMIS, and collaborate with the Owner’s operators and
other members of the commissioning team to perform on‐site investigations and testing.
For the following data sources and performance evaluation activities, the Diagnostic Plan fully describes
the data origin(s), its sampling frequency and how (and how frequently) the data will be used to identify
proper or improper performance. It also lists what party will perform each activity. The Diagnostic Plan
includes tasks such as:
o Utility Meter Monitoring
o Performance benchmarking and baseline definition
o Schedule Reviews (equipment, lights, occupancy)
o Trend Analyses: load profiles, peak load, control loop and sequences of operation
o Functional Testing
o Alarm Review/Fault Detection
OCx tasks are a good opportunity to tune the building—seeking out and questioning the parameters that have been
adjusted or overridden, confirming that modes or design features such as standby temperatures or morning warmup
are engaging properly.
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2.1.2.2 Regulate Frequency and Depth of Investigations
Define the frequency and depth of review for each task with direction for documenting and responding
to the findings of these reviews. For example, the Diagnostic Plan may define the utility reviews as a
monthly task and schedule reviews as quarterly activities.
How far the commissioning team will pursue any anomaly should be identified in the plan, and should
be based on the size of the impact on the CFR and OCx objectives.
2.1.2.3 Define Expected Output
Identify the anticipated results of each task/activity. For example, the work product from reviewing the
trending logs for the chilled water system might be as simple as a statement in a log/report that
describes regular hours of operation and temperatures meeting setpoint. Outputs include the capture of
both regular and irregular performance.
Describe or draft the format of the documented results including tables and charts for tracking. Consider
the Owner’s goals and priorities when defining the format and communication of the expected
outcomes.
2.1.2.4 Establish How Issues Will be Identified
For each of the sources of building performance (utility metering, trends, EMIS, schedules, etc.) and for
each of their individual data streams (building electrical use, chiller kW/ton, specifically targeted air
handler coil valve position, etc.) establish what condition, state or value will constitute an issue of
concern.
Set Variance Triggers for Automated Detection. For data that are automatically gathered through the
BAS, EMIS including EIS and FDD, utility or stand‐alone metering, the Diagnostic Plan will establish and
define parameter variances that will trigger responses such as an alert or fault notice. Examples of
parameters include total energy use, peak demand, equipment schedules, various equipment and
component parameters like damper and valve position, temperatures, pressures, efficiencies (chiller
kW/ton), etc. These trigger variances are realistic, yet not too aggressive. The plan gives provisions and
process for testing and readily adjusting these variance triggers over time to prevent false positives.
Refer to the article Align Data Monitoring with the Diagnostic Plan for further details.
Some examples of triggers are: If the outside air damper is open beyond minimum by 5% for 10 minutes when the
economizer parameters are declaring it should be at minimum, then alert. If the monthly total building electrical
use exceeds the baseline normalized for average outside air temperature by 10%, then alert. If the chiller kW/ton
based on % load exceeds the baseline performance curve by 10% for more than 10 hours (accumulated), then alert.
Develop Trend Data Analysis Standards. The Diagnostic Plan documents trend analyses and the
frequency of their execution. The frequency of trend analysis execution is established, which should vary
with the specific system and component so as not to waste resources on something unlikely to change
or be overridden or for which impacts are small. The plan describes the points to be trended together,
their frequency, condition of the system and the observations to be made that will establish good or bad
operation. For further details refer to Article 2.1.3, " Align Data Monitoring with the Diagnostic Plan."
2.1.2.5 Prioritize, Classify and Track Issues
Determine and document a methodology for communicating and facilitating the response to identified
issues. When a diagnostic activity uncovers a variance from the expected or typical performance of a
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system, then the commissioning team seeks to quantify and qualify the nature and root of the issue —
i.e., is it behavioral or mechanical, isolated or systemic — and classify the issue based on severity,
urgency, cost, or other prioritization factors.
During Ongoing Commissioning, the discovery of performance issues can range from postponed preventative
maintenance tasks to primary equipment failures. In such cases, the resolution will likewise vary from updating
preventive maintenance schedules and completing maintenance to launching a re‐commissioning effort or
recommending an equipment replacement project.
Issues are well‐defined to provide the most opportunity for the Owner to maximize the results of OCx
and plan for any capital expenditures required for corrective actions.
Set a standard practice for the documentation of an issue: when it was observed, under what
conditions, supporting evidence, etc. Refer to Article 2.2.5. "Update and Prioritize Master List of
Findings". for further information to include with each finding.
2.1.2.6 Define Data Monitoring Requirements and Tools
Compile the lists of required data and information that will be needed to accomplish the Diagnostic
tasks. Maximize available data—create a process for incorporating the available analytics or standardize
the trending reports. This process serves as an extension of the condition assessment and technology
gap analysis from the Planning Phase.
The OCx Commissioning Provider will provide direction or manage the OCx team to identify the
applicable tools to be used in support of the OCx project. Tools will range from the reconciliation of
utility bills to complex analytics and the application of available tools from the EMIS, including:
Energy Use Intensity (energy use per square foot, or EUI) Analysis
Performance Comparison against Codes and Standards
Peak Load and Load Profile Management
FDD for actuator tuning, algorithms, and equipment runtime and short cycling reporting
Benchmarking
Finalize the standards for the comparison between the building’s current and desired performance. The
Commissioning Team selects these standards to ensure consistency in what information is being
reviewed and against what metrics. Further investigations may lead the CxP into developing custom
trends for a deeper dive, but for regular activities, a set of reports/charts/data is established to evaluate
building performance.
2.1.2.7 Identify Required Analytics
Analytics is the secondary result from all of the data that is collected in the system trending. Select
which outputs of the EMIS or BAS are most valuable to the Diagnostic Tasks and incorporate the review
of these outputs into the procedures of the activities.
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2.1.3 Align Data Monitoring with Diagnostic Plan
2.1.4.1 Create Consistent Standard for Points Lists, Reports, and Metadata
Set up building automation and energy management systems with standard nomenclature,
alarming, and historical data collection parameters.
Become familiar with the tools and features of each platform with which the systems will
interface.
Establish the best means of accessing, exporting, and routing the data.
Confirm the points available to the documented Diagnostic Tasks/Activities.
Determine if standard trending reports can be built with the available BAS or EMIS,
Establish a standard point list for trends that will be monitored for each mechanical
system/piece of equipment, which allows this confirmation to be consistent for all similar
systems.
At specified intervals, distribute reports for review.
Consistency is critical when creating OCx procedures and the data must be consistent to track performance
accurately from one period/cycle to the next. Metadata (a catalog of data “tags”) can provide an advantage in the
practice of standardization. Creating searchable tagging for point data for future database organization can be a
sizeable investment that results in significant gains for scaling monitoring and performance review. Metadata can
streamline the process of point identification and location. Some level of confirmation for the mapping of such
points is always beneficial to ensure that the setup matches the expectations of results for the Diagnostic
Task/Activity requirements.
2.1.4.2 Determine Trending Intervals
Ensure that trending intervals identified in the Diagnostic Plan still reflect the level of detection required
for the desired diagnostics. This includes fault detection where abnormal operation is identified during
comparison of the equipment or system performance against acceptable tolerances or operating
metrics. It can also include things such as occupancy and runtime confirmation, heating, cooling, and
economizer control, and demand ventilation.
The Diagnostic Plan helps select which trends of analytic tools are going to be the most effective for determining
the performance that the Owner has defined.
For comfort goals, the temperatures and airflow trends may need to be set to different intervals than
energy goals, where the differential pressure control points, metering, and more VFD parameters may
be more closely monitored.
The trends used for the OCx project are to be sent, stored, and managed in a system of record that can
provide adequate storage of information for the project requirements. The trending requirements are to
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include the backup requirements for the data and the time requirement for retention of data. The
system of record chosen for the project must be accessible to the analytical tools and systems used as
part of the OCx project.
2.1.4.3 Set Alarm and Notification Priorities
Determine if a setup of alarm extensions was completed prior to the initiation of the OCx process. In any
case, delivery and filtration of alarms can still be supported and managed as a part of the process. If the
OCx process does not play a role in determining alarm setup or prioritization, a similar application of
setting priorities to alarms can be a part of alarm review and analysis.
Ascertain whether, for optimal consistency, Owner has a policy addressing the desired tolerance ranges
that are acceptable for comfort and control.
Prioritize equipment and systems alarms to add another layer of filtration to how alarms are
determined, and when (and which) notifications are sent. For example, a primary system loop pump
failure would be given a higher priority alarm than a heat pump condensate alarm.
Create and manage notification distribution lists thoughtfully. Many building issues may require urgent
responsiveness, with effective information delivered to the people who need to know. The type of space
and system as well as the necessary action may help organize how this process is implemented.
Notifications must be clear, concise, and actionable to point the user in the direction of investigating and resolving
the issue that they identify. One of the most common complaints in the facility maintenance community is the
abundance of nuisance alarm notifications, resulting in apathy in terms of responsiveness. Prioritization of alarms
can be one means of cleaning up which alarms are sent to the team as notifications. Notifications can also become
more effective when the messaging is clarified. The weighted critical value of an alarm can be a means of
determining how it gets issued to the team and the response. Additional factors such as frequency of alarming and
the duration of an alarm can be considered for escalating the priority of less critical equipment. For example, an
interior office space that is outside of comfort parameters may begin as a visual alarm on the graphic and then
require a minimum duration before being issued as a notification.
2.1.4.4 Initiate Consistent Reporting Mechanisms
Maintain consistent reporting formats from one reporting cycle to the next, to include a minimum of the
following information:
General Summary of Activities and Progress
Concise Update on Building Performance Metrics
Updated Master List of Findings
Updated List of recommended measures selected for implementation
Complete diagnostic results and documentation of investigation
2.1.4.5 Deliverables
Standard Point List
Periodic Trending Reports
Prioritized Alarm Notifications
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2.1.5 Create or Update Facility Guide
The purpose of a Facility Guide (also known as a Systems Manual 2) is to establish and maintain a guide
to systems performance and a normal routine for reviewing building mechanical, electrical and lighting
systems. It provides a reference for refreshing system users. It is also a guide for future on‐boarding.
If a Facility Guide does not exist for the building, then support the creation of this document. The CFR,
OCx Plan and Diagnostic Plan then become part of the Facility Guide, and the Guide also includes
inspection, calibration, operating instructions, and maintenance tasks for the O&M Personnel.
If a technology application is being used, update the Facility Guide with any automated reporting that
the Owner would like to review on a regular basis. Examples include override audit reports, trending of
primary or critical systems, and polling the network for downed devices.
One example of a maintenance task for commercial building personnel is a building walk‐through during
unoccupied hours to look for lights, equipment, and appliances that may be running out of schedule, as
described in this night variance audit:
The night variance audit is a biannual (or more frequent) walkthrough of the building to record any irregularities in
lighting, equipment, or appliance operations during unoccupied conditions.
a. Is exterior lighting engaging as scheduled/programmed?
b. Is interior lighting shut off on schedule as a sweep or via vacancy sensing as scheduled/programmed?
c. Are any areas overridden to run to meet occupied conditions and setpoints during unoccupied hours?
1. If found, are these overrides currently needed?
d. Are any appliances being left on unnecessarily during unoccupied hours?
1. If found, are there circuits with plug load‐controlled receptacles that could regulate the runtime of
these appliances?
e. Are there any other conditions which may be contributing to building energy consumption that were
observed during the walkthrough? (i.e., unexpected occupancy sensor triggers responding to false signals)
2 Facility Guide. The Facility Guide referred to in this OCx Best Practices document, and what is sometimes referred to as a
Systems Manual in the industry, is what ASHRAE defines as the “Facility Guide: a basic building systems description and
operating plan with general procedures and confirmed facility operating conditions, set points, schedules, and operating
procedures for use by facility operations to properly operate the facility.” A well‐organized and accurate Facility Guide will
greatly enhance the building personnel’s ability to operate the building effectively by providing all of the relevant information in
a single location.
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2.2.1.2 Use OCx Results and Process to Review PM Tasks
Review the PM tasks to identify common equipment. The Cx process can shed light on possible
inefficiencies or provide an opportunity to schedule larger tasks (i.e., building water flushes, cooling
tower maintenance).
As described in the Planning Phase, identify OCx Champion(s) early to support and communicate the
program to stakeholders. Depending on the organization, a role may already exist for personnel who
oversee building management or energy analytical software. Train others who may be taking on some of
the OCx responsibilities in the future.
2.2.2.1 Set up trainees with unique credentials and technology access.
Coordinate with the Facility/BAS Manager to ensure that all identified trainees have access to the
software tools and any corresponding technology credentials such as virtual private networks (VPNs) per
the Owner’s IT policies. The Owner identifies the list of trainees based on their respective capabilities for
each session’s curriculum.
2.2.2.2 Provide and install software tools on trainees’ local computers.
The Owner’s IT Manager supports the provision and installation of the necessary software tools on the
trainees’ local computers and/or mobile devices as applicable.
2.2.2.3 Create Technical Training Program
Prepare an overall Technical Training Plan including scope, schedule, content outline, activity plan,
testing/confirmation of learned material
Develop curriculum content, including review of the Diagnostic Plan. Tasks identified in the Diagnostic
Plan can serve as part of the training content. Utility meter and load analysis, benchmarking, fault
detection reviews and deep dive investigations can all be incorporated into the curriculum to maximize
the practicality of the training exercises. The curriculum content should also emphasize the value that
comes from using the building management and energy analysis tools.
2.2.2.4 Review Curriculum in Advance
Document and submit the curriculum plan to the OCx team for review. Ask for curriculum content
review by selected OCx program stakeholders.
Obtain approval for technical training program and content from Owner.
Practical applicability is critical. Technology applications bring value when the information they provide is turned
into actionable corrections and modifications. The discovery that may occur during good training must also be
communicated. The means and methodology of that communication path—whether via a maintenance tracking
tool, regularly scheduled meetings where issues can be reviewed and updated, or some other format—need to be
incorporated into the training curriculum so that the participants in training can know how to turn their discoveries
into better building performance using the software tools.
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2.2.2.5 Schedule Multiple Training Sessions
Training hours can be spread across several sessions. Encourage users to practice and develop questions
as they see how the application and documented procedures fit into their real work routine. Multiple
sessions improve retention and prompt better engagement from personnel in training. Intervals
between trainings are a good opportunity to pause for seasonal or periodic reviews and check‐in on the
building.
2.2.2.6 Develop A Standard for Recording Training
Record training sessions to make a legacy digital resource that can be used for future staff preparation.
Optimally, these digital resources could be linked or loaded to a platform that the Owner accesses for
BAS, EMIS, or another regular database.
The following information on each ECM and FIM is valuable for the Owner to have sufficient
understanding of the finding, conditions, and recommendation to make an informed decision:
Description of Finding
Solution/Measure Description
Implementation party and status
Benefits
Drawbacks/Risks
Implementation Cost (if applicable)
Energy, maintenance, operational savings
Payback and/or Return on Investment (ROI) analysis (if applicable)
2.2.3.1 Document and Align Findings with Action Work Flow
2.2.3.2 Record Issues and Classify
Whenever an issue is discovered or reported, the first step is to properly record the issue in the Master
List of Findings. Document the location, descriptions, timestamp, and status of the issue along with
other classifications such as level of urgency, anticipated impact on system/building performance, cost
(if applicable), and the nature of the issue—is it behavioral or mechanical, isolated or systemic? Pictures
or screenshots can also be important to contextualize the issue for future reference or specific location
identification.
2.2.3.3 Communicate Issues to the Team
Report issues to the established OCx team at the selected reporting/meeting interval as they
accumulate. In the initial OCx meeting, the team can determine a recourse for issues that need urgent
response and communication with the proper channels, and the timeline for communicating such
concerns.
Review issues periodically; identify the recommended corrective action, then inform and schedule
relevant parties involved.
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2.2.4 Establish Communication/Coordination Methods and Procedures
Schedule changes to create needed notifications, gather necessary tools and/or parts, with
consideration of other potential impacts upon normal building operations and occupants.
Consider the scope and scale (or classification) of the issue being addressed when planning the
implementation of a recommended corrective action. Some changes may be as small as a schedule
modification while others may involve a part/equipment replacement.
2.2.5.2 Obtain Owner’s Approval
The Owner approves and confirms means to proceed with any approved recommended actions.
2.2.5.3 Proceed with Approved Action Items
With the Owner’s approval, work with the appointed team and responsible parties to carry out the
recommendations from the findings and update the results by continuing to track the building’s
performance. OCx, by definition, is an iterative process. Adjustments, tuning, and continued tracking of
building systems are expected.
Keep all facility staff aware of any changes and support updates to their preventive maintenance
practices if workflows are impacted by the action items. Behavioral changes should be deployed per the
Change Management Plan. Good communications during changes and transitions are key to monitoring
whether the implemented actions are successful in improving building performance.
2.2.5.4 Perform Diagnostic Activities
Complete all diagnostic tasks according to the Diagnostic Plan. Document findings. Engage the Owner’s
O&M staff as needed to demonstrate and discuss items that can be addressed in the field. Compile
picture and collected data into necessary visual results.
2.2.5.5 Collect and Document System Changes
Follow the OCx Plan to document corrective actions or modifications clearly, especially if they impact
the Current Facility Requirements of the system or building.
Whenever the Current Facility Requirements for the building are adjusted, then the CFR document must
also be updated during the course of the OCx process.
If corrective action results in the replacement of parts or equipment, then these changes may also
require updating of other building documentation such as building equipment inventory logs or PM
schedules. Confirm implementation and completion of action items using the approach defined in the
OCx Plan.
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2.2.5.6 Review and Report Impact of Changes
The intent of performing corrective actions or modifications to the building is to improve both system
and building performance. Revisit changes during subsequent Cx review cycles to confirm that those
changes have been effective. Document the outcome and update the status in the Issues Tracking Log to
substantiate the success of the OCx project and possibly support future changes.
If the corrective action does not yield the expected outcome, then continue investigating the cause and
nature of the issue. Follow‐up may include a more extensive functional testing option, adjusting other
parameters, or tracking the response for a longer period of time.
2.2.5.7 Consider Secondary/Tertiary Impacts of Changes
Be mindful of secondary effects that measures may have on performance or environmental conditions.
Monitor changes for their impact on system operation, occupant comfort, life‐safety, or factors that may
not have been considered when the modification was recommended and implemented. These impacts
are sometimes anecdotal and may require the commissioning team to continue to engage the Owner’s
personnel to understand the effect.
2.2.5.8 Provide Follow‐Up Reporting to Commissioning Team
If a performed change does not result in the desired improvement to the system/building, then report
the outcome to the commissioning team and update the Issues Tracking Log.
Ideally, the CxP learns how data is input into the tracking system, particularly if an Owner has been using manual
data entry. Over time, the standard metrics used for analyzing the building performance may need to be updated to
adjust for utility changes, building changes, and/or code or goal changes.
2.2.6.2 Employ All Available Utility Metering and Sub‐Metering
To provide a complete picture of regular energy consumption for the building and sub‐systems, start by
using multiple years of monthly utility meter data. Track utility invoice data to review monthly building
performance. As additional sub‐metering is available, document and update similar tracking of these
sub‐systems to compare even more frequent consumption data. Utility data consumption, peak
demand, and load profile can all be valuable to the building’s performance tracking.3
3
[REFERENCE ASHRAE 90.1: Table 103‐5B MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR SEPARATION OF ELECTRICAL LOAD]
Buildings installed to meet the ASHRAE 90.1 standards will equip the CxP with a robust starting point for tracking
energy consumption. Per these requirements, the building metering will monitor and record lighting, receptacle,
HVAC, appliance, renewable energy, water service, and industrial/commercial loads with a minimum of 50kVA.
Loads larger than 250 kVA will have additional sub‐metering circuits as well as aggregate loads metered. This
degree of sub‐metering allows for better identification of anomalous performance and seasonal load tracking.
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A Measurement & Verification (M&V) plan can be a significant and useful parallel effort to Ongoing Best Practices.
Upon Owner request or as a program requirement, M&V can be developed. The M&V plan can be written and
updated by the CxP, incorporating the documentation and data collection of previous commissioning efforts and
continuing to track energy consumption and building metrics over time.
3 S USTAINING P HASE
The primary goal of a successful OCx project is the ongoing, sustained building performance for the long
term, and ideally for the life of the building. As a process complementary to NCCx and EBCx, OCx
provides the building owner with assurance that the investment in building systems and the
optimization of those systems continues to operate in an optimal manner. As such, the Sustaining Phase
is the critical means of moving from implementation of the OCx approach to a business‐as‐usual means
of managing building performance.
In the Sustaining Phase, systems and improvements made are maintained over time, and the processes
established for OCx are scaled down within the Cx Team and operations staff to those required to
continue optimal building operation. Additionally, as with any dynamic system, maintenance procedures
must be established to support the ongoing value and validity of data, analysis, and fault detection
methods identified in the Diagnostic Plan.
An OCx project advances to the Sustaining Phase when the findings arising during implementation have
been acted upon, and the rate of identifying new findings has been reduced significantly, therefore
meeting with the Owner’s goals and objectives. The building has then reached a reasonable level of
stability and performance in accordance with the CFR. In addition, the Diagnostic Plan and corrective
actions are now fully integrated into the Owner’s workflow where OCx actions are business‐as‐usual for
the O&M team. Technology infrastructure is fully implemented, with the technology maintenance staff
making system adjustments as applicable to maintain the technology system integrity, sensor
calibrations, and updates as necessary with CFR and facility changes.
The Sustaining Phase includes these activities:
Implement Operating and Maintenance Procedures
Transition to Stable Operations
Monitor and Report Results
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3.1 Implement Operating and Maintenance Procedures
3.1.1 Provide Regular Preventive Maintenance (PM)
All sources of data used in the OCx process are subject to data quality issues. In the Sustaining Phase,
establish and conduct regular PM procedures and calibrations of the OCx related meters and
instruments to ensure the validity of the monitored performance of the buildings and systems.
If a technology application is used for any system (BAS, EMIS), include a PM plan that validates and
ensures the health of that system – i.e., its ability to accurately and consistently collect and manage the
data supporting the OCx project. PM includes an assessment of the IT infrastructure (server hardware
and software, networking, security, database management, data backups), OCx‐implemented
technology (software updates, license updates, configuration), and the communication or integration of
data sources to the head‐end platform.
The analytics (and applicable fault detection notifications) implemented as part of the diagnostic plan
must also be reviewed on a regular basis (ideally monthly or quarterly) to ensure the OCx approach is
accurately monitoring the building performance without generation of false indicators or superfluous
notifications.
The PM approach ensures the complete end‐to‐end validation that the OCx methods:
accurately measure performance parameters
consistently collect related data
apply the proper analytics necessary to identify performance issues.
The PM frequency applied to the above parameters depends on the specific technology in use and the
product manufacturer‐recommended testing frequency. An increase in false notifications or identified
data monitoring errors are an indication to the OCx team that PM should be conducted on the system.
In addition to an increase in false notifications, a decrease in notifications may also be an indicator for required PM.
The OCx team should refine the performance monitoring parameters to further optimize building performance,
where possible, as part of a continuous improvement effort. For example, if chiller tonnage is monitored to identify
load above an optimal level defined in the initial OCx implementation: should FIM approaches reduce that load
below the setpoint consistently, and should the OCx team consider lowering the load setpoint for the performance
notification to maintain performance at the newly achieved performance level?
As OCx findings diminish, with evidence that recurrence of evaluated issues is not likely, the CxP
identifies and implements a periodic schedule to review the OCx process and ensure ongoing
management of the building’s performance. Based on initial OCx findings, facility capital planning
outlooks, and results of periodic checks, the CxP works with the building Owner and team on the
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schedule for ongoing support — with the typical frequency being between quarterly and semi‐annual
reviews.
Ongoing engagement of the CxP ensures a level of accountability for maintaining the OCx best practices
and provides an inspection of expected process methods. In addition to reviewing the OCx process and
the capability of available tools to monitor performance, the CxP's review also ensure the building
operators’ continued ability to use the OCx process and tools to maintain building performance. Any
revealed gaps in the process, tools, and capabilities of the team are evaluated and addressed by the CxP
during this periodic review to ensure the continued, sustained performance expected from the OCx
project. (Continuous "Gap Analysis"?)
From the outset, the Commissioning Team decides upon the level of rigor, and how the results of OCx
program actions are tracked and savings estimated.
The CxP establishes energy performance metrics for high‐level performance, normalized for major
external factors including weather and occupancy. Other opportunities for tracking can include cost
savings estimated for each operating log item and statistics for the number of log items identified and
addressed. The level of measurement and verification applied to the OCx project will depend on the
contracted performance requirements for the project and client‐specific business case requirements.
In addition to energy and energy cost savings, track and document operational savings and
improvements. Operational savings include extended equipment life, reduced maintenance labor, safety
improvements, and other benefits to the facility and maintenance organization. Also, capture and
document collateral qualitative improvements to the organization, such as level of engagement of O&M
employees, morale, buy‐in, staff development, and reduction in employee turnover.
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4 Definitions and Abbreviations
4.1 Abbreviations Used in this Document
Abbreviation Phrase
BAS, BMS Building Automation System, Building Management System
BCxA Building Commissioning Association
CMMS Computerized Maintenance Management System
Cx Commissioning
CxP Commissioning Provider
CFR Current Facility Requirements
EBCx Existing‐Building Commissioning
ECM Energy Conservation Measure
EIS Energy Information System
EMIS Energy management and information system
EUI Energy Use Intensity
FDD Fault Detection and Diagnostics
FIM Facility Improvement Measure
FPT Functional Performance Test
MLOF Master List of Findings
M&V Measurement and Verification
MBCx Monitoring Based Commissioning
NCCx New Construction Commissioning
OCx Ongoing Commissioning
PM Preventive Maintenance
QBS Qualifications‐Based Selection
ROI Return on Investment
SaaS Software‐as‐a‐Service
VFD Variable Frequency Drive
VPN Virtual Private Network
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4.2 Definitions
Phrase Definition
Building Management Hardware and software that provides building systems control and data
System, Building management as typically applied to HVAC systems but can be integrated
Automation System and/or programmed for lighting, security, and other systems control and
monitoring.
Commissioning A quality‐focused process for enhancing the delivery of a project. The
process focuses on verifying and documenting that the facility and all of
its systems and assemblies are planned, designed, installed, tested,
operated, and maintained to meet the Owner’s Project Requirements
(OPR). Followed in EBCx by Current Facility Requirements (CFR).
Commissioning Provider Firm or individual who, through coordinated actions, is responsible for
implementing the Cx Process.
Best practice recommendation: Third‐Party Commissioning Providers are
commissioning consultants hired directly by the building owner and are
not responsible to, or affiliated with, any other member of the design and
construction team.
Commissioning Team The key members of each party involved with the project designated to
provide insight and carry out tasks necessary for a successful
commissioning project. Team members may include the commissioning
lead, building Owner or Owner’s representative, building staff, design
professionals, contractors or manufacturer’s representatives, testing
specialists, and the rating system coordinator. The team may also consist
of a group of commissioning system specialists in such areas as building
enclosure, lighting controls, fire protection and more.
Current Facility A written document that describes the current functional requirements of
Requirements a facility and the expectations of how it should be used and operated.
This may include goals, measurable performance criteria, cost
considerations, benchmarks, success criteria, and supporting information
to meet the requirements of occupants, users, and Owner(s) of the
facility.
Diagnostic Plan Plan that describes the methods, frequency, and application of evaluating
system performance through the collection and analysis of building
system data.
Existing‐Building A quality‐focused process for attaining the CFR of an existing building
Commissioning and/or its systems and assemblies. The process focuses on planning,
investigating, implementing, verifying, and documenting that the facility
and/or its systems and assemblies are operated and maintained to meet
the CFR, with a program in place to maintain the enhancements for the
remaining life of the facility.
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Phrase Definition
Energy Information System The software, data acquisition hardware, and communication systems
(EIS) used to store, analyze, and display building energy data. An EIS often
includes analysis methods such as baselining, benchmarking, utility and
carbon tracking, load profiling, and energy anomaly detection. Energy
Information Systems are a subset of EMIS focused on meter‐level
monitoring (hourly or more frequent), sometimes also called enterprise
energy management systems.
Energy Management and Energy Management and Information Systems (EMIS) comprise a broad
Information System (EMIS) family of tools and services to manage commercial building energy use.
These technologies offer a mix of capabilities to store, analyze, and
display energy use and system data, and in some cases, provide control.
EMIS is an umbrella term that covers both meter‐level and system‐level
EMIS. Used to manage facility energy information and data including the
baseline, benchmark, and ongoing tracking of utility bill, utility meter, and
related submeter data. System may also be integrated to the BMS/BAS for
system specific data management and performance evaluation.
Facility Guide The Facility Guide referred to in this OCx Best Practices document, and
what is sometimes referred to as a Systems Manual in the industry, is
what ASHRAE defines as “a basic building systems description and
operating plan with general procedures and confirmed facility operating
conditions, set points, schedules, and operating procedures for use by
facility operations to properly operate the facility.”
Fault Detection and Alarm or notification of system abnormality. Typically programmed into
Diagnostics (FDD) BAS/BMS or other monitoring software for operator awareness of system
faults and issues. FDD automates the process of detecting faults with
physical systems and processes and diagnoses their potential causes. FDD
systems for HVAC generally use a database of "expert rules" that analyzes
BAS and meter data to determine fault conditions. FDD is a subset of
EMIS, focused on system‐level monitoring (using the BAS data).
Facility Improvement Alterations or revisions to systems or equipment planned to improve
Measures building and system performance, reduce Operations and Maintenance
(O&M) costs and/or improve the indoor environmental quality as part of
an EBCx or OCx process.
Functional Performance A written collection of tests that, when executed in the test process, allow
Test Protocol verification of the performance of a system or assembly. See Diagnostic
Plan
Master List of Findings A summary list of findings generated during the investigation process. For
each finding, the list contains fields such as: finding description, type of
equipment, recommended improvement, estimated energy savings and
costs, simple payback, recommendations, and status of implementation.
Also known as the Findings Log.
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Phrase Definition
Measurement and Methods for gathering relevant data over time to evaluate performance
Verification and benefits. Often related to performance contracting where
performance measurement is needed for validation of project financial
savings and operating performance requirements.
Monitoring Based A process to improve the operation of buildings with an emphasis on
Commissioning using meter‐level or system‐level data analysis to identify opportunities
for improvements (analysis approaches may be embedded in EMIS
software). The MBCx process includes initially bringing the building
systems up to the owner’s operating requirements through an existing
building commissioning process, then performing ongoing commissioning
to identify and correct degraded performance over time. Alternatively,
EMIS tools can be utilized during the EBCx process to support issue
identification.
New Construction A quality‐focused process for verification of Owner’s Project
Commissioning Requirements (OPR) and turnover of new construction to stable
operations. The process includes validation of project performance
through design review, construction review and functional testing,
training, and turnover to operations.
Ongoing Commissioning The means and process to optimize and sustain building performance on
an ongoing basis through investigation, analyzing, and monitoring the
performance of building systems. As a continuation of the Cx Process
typically implemented following NCCx or EBCx, OCx verifies that a facility
continues to meet current and evolving CFR (OPR for new construction).
OCx Process Activities occur throughout the life of the facility; some of
these will be close to continuous in implementation and others will be
either scheduled or unscheduled (as needed).
OCx Plan A document that outlines the organization, goals, schedule, allocation of
resources, and documentation requirements of the OCx Process. Includes
a Program Management Plan, a Change Management Plan, a Diagnostic
Plan and relevant process and facility operating documents.
Owner “Owner” can refer to different actors who represent financial and
performance decisionmakers regarding the building facilities.
Training Plan A written document that details the expectations, schedule, budget, and
deliverables of Cx Process Activities related to training of project team
members, including facility managers, O&M personnel, users, and
occupants.
Test Procedure A written protocol that defines methods, personnel, and expectations for
tests conducted on components, equipment, assemblies, systems, and
interfaces among systems.
Verification The process by which specific documents, components, equipment,
assemblies, systems, and interfaces among systems are confirmed to
comply with the criteria described in the CFR.
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5 References
ASHRAE Guideline 1.2‐2019: Technical Requirements for the Commissioning Process for Existing HVAC&R
Systems and Assemblies
ASHRAE (2015), ASHRAE Guideline 0.2‐2015: Commissioning Process for Existing Building Systems and
Assemblies
ASHRAE/Building Commissioning Association (2019), Commissioning Stakeholder’s Guide
Building Commissioning Association (2019), Existing Building Commissioning Best Practices
Building Commissioning Association (2018), New Construction Commissioning Best Practices
Building Commissioning Association/APPA (2017), Building Commissioning Handbook, Third Edition
California Energy Commission/California Commissioning Collaborative (2011), The Building Performance
Tracking Handbook
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (2017), Characterization and Survey of Automated Fault
Detection and Diagnostic Tools
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (2017), Monitoring Based Commissioning Plan Template
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory/Department of Energy (2011), Energy Information Handbook:
Applications for Energy‐Efficient Building Operations
U.S. Department of Energy (2015), M&V Guidelines: Measurement and Verification for Performance‐
Based Contracts Version 4.0
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