Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region I
Schools Division Office I Pangasinan
Pangasinan National High School
Lingayen, Pangasinan

MEDIA AND INFORMATION

LITERACY (MIL)
Languages and Policies
in Media and
Information

Quarter 3 - Week 8 – Module 8

Most Essential Learning Competency:

Cite practical situation when to apply knowledge in intellectual property, copy right, and fair use guidelines.
Create a campaign add to combat digital divide, addiction, and bullying
(MIL11/12IMIL1IIIa-2)

Prepared by:

ROMASANTA P. TORIO

SHS TEACHER

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 Lesson
Legal and Ethical Issues in
8 Media and Information
What I Need to Know (Learning objectives)
By the end of this lesson, you will:
1. Cite practical situation when to apply knowledge in intellectual property, copyright,
and fair use guidelines; and
2. Create a campaign ad to combat the digital divide, addiction, and bullying

Intellectual Property
Intellectual property (IP) refers to creations of the mind, such as inventions; literary
and artistic works designs and symbols, names, and images used in commerce
Types of Intellectual property
 Copyright
 Patent
 Trademark
 Insdustrial design
 Geographical origin
Copyright - a legal device that gives the creator of a literary, artistic, musical, or other creative
work the sole right to publish and sell that work. Copyright owners have the right to control the
reproduction of their work, including the right to receive payment for that reproduction. An
author may grant or sell those rights to others, including publishers or recording companies.
Violation of a copyright is called infringement.

REPUBLIC ACT 8293

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
COPYRIGHT VALIDITY PERIOD
During the lifetime of the author plus 50
Literary Works years after the death
Art 25 years from the date of creation
Photographic work 50 years from publication
Audio-Visual Work 50 years from publication
Sound Recording 50 years from year recording took place
Broadcast Recording 20 years from the date of broadcast
Valid for ten years and may be renewed
Trademark
for periods of 10 years
Valid for 20 years from the Filing date
Invention Patent application
 Plagiarism
Plagiarism is an act or instance of using or closely imitating the language and thoughts
of another author without authorization, the representation of that author’s work as one’s own,
as by not crediting the original author.
Types of Plagiarism
 Sources Not Cited

1. The Ghost Writer -The writer turns in another’s work, word-for-word, as his
or her own.
2. The Photocopy- The writer copies significant portions of text straight from
a single source, without alteration.
3. The Potluck Paper- The writer copies from different sources and altersthe
sentences to make them fit together while retaining most of the original
phrasing.
4. The Poor Disguise- The writer has altered the paper’s appearance slightly
by changing keywords and phrases.
5. The Labor of Laziness - The writer takes the time to paraphrase most
of the paper from other sources and make it all fit together.
6. The Self-Stealer- The writer “borrows” generously from his or her previous work.
 Sources Not Cited (But still plagiarized)
1. The Forgotten Footnote - The writer mentions an author’s name for a source, but
neglects to include specific information on the location of the material referenced.
2. The Misinformer - The writer provides inaccurate information regarding
the sources, making it impossible to find them.
3. The Too-Perfect Paraphrase - The writer properly cites a source but neglects to
put in quotation marks on a text that has been copied word-for-word, or close toit.
4. The Resourceful Citer- The writer properly cites all sources, paraphrasing, and
using quotations appropriately. The catch? The paper contains almost no original
work!
5. The Perfect Crime- The writer properly quotes and cites sources in some places,
but goes on to paraphrase other arguments from those sources without citation.

Fair Use
Fair use means you can use copyrighted materials without a license only for
certain purposes. These include:
1. Commentary
2. Criticism
3. Reporting
4. Research
5. Teaching
Guidelines for Fair Use
• A Majority of the content you create must be your own.
• Give credit to the copyright holder
• Don’t make money off of the copyrighted work

Responsible Digital Citizenship

Digital citizenship refers to having the appropriate knowledge and skills to effectively use
digital technologies to communicate with others, participate in society, and create and
consume digital content. Responsible digital citizenship is essential, especially now in the face
of a technology-saturated world, to helping media and information consumers achieve and
understand digital literacy, as well as ensuring cyberbully prevention, online safety, digital
responsibility, and digital health & wellness. Let’s go through some of the aspects of digital
citizenship below:
Netiquette
Netiquette, or network etiquette, is a set of socially constructed rules and norms for
behaving and communicating responsibly in an online environment. Simply stated, it is the
etiquette of cyberspace. While not all of these rules hold legal power nor are strictly enforced, it
is important that you, as a media consumer, have a well-defined set of guidelines that helps
keep you or the people you know in check in terms of your online activity and presence.
Consider the following “rules,” adapted from Virginia Shea’s The Core Rules of Netiquette,
whenever you communicate in the virtual world.

Rule 1: Remember the human

Remember the human – remember that the receiver on the other side of your
computer or phone is another human person capable of understanding, feeling, and getting
hurt. Putting yourself in others’ places can put everything in the right perspective. Before you
send that message, upload that photo, or send that tweet, ask yourself: How would the other
person or people at the end of the line, feel if I do or say this? Always put in mind that
empathy is one of the most powerful motivations for some basic decency online.

Rule 2: Adhere to the same standards of behavior online that you follow in real
life
Good netiquette is derived from the same standards set in real life. While it can be
argued that standards of behavior may be different in the virtual world, they certainly should
not be any lower. In real life, we are constantly reminded to be respectful to other people,
mindful of our words, follow the law and other societal rules. This holds true for cyberspace
etiquette as well. Further, actions have consequences. Whatever is deemed illegal or
irresponsible in real life is most probably deemed the same in the online world. While the
chances of getting caught or punished may be slim, your accountability and liability for your
actions aren’t totally erased. Thus, you should do your best to act within the laws and ethical
standards in the online environment just as you would in real life.

Rule 3: Know where you are in cyberspace

The Internet may be as vast as the earth’s oceans or the outer space with parts least
visited, not discovered, and some deemed even dangerous. Today, you are presented with a
wide array of internet domains and websites. While there may be millions of it on the
Internet, they can easily be categorized according to content or intended audience. In this
context, your manner of interaction may differ from one domain to another. What’s perfectly
acceptable in one area may be dreadfully rude in another, and depending on where you are
in the virtual world, the same written communication can be acceptable in one area, where it
might be considered inappropriate in another. For example, in most TV discussion groups,
passing on idle gossip is perfectly permissible. But throwing around unsubstantiated rumors
in a journalists’ mailing list will make you very unpopular there. And because netiquette is
different in different places, it’s important to know where you are.
Rule 4: Respect other people’s time and bandwidth
Have you ever felt that time passes faster now than it does before? Have you ever
felt like days pass even more swiftly and that sometimes, our 24 hours in a day seem like
less than it really is? Cliché, but your observations are valid. In this fast-paced time, people
are pushed to squeeze in school, work, social life, chores, errands to run, sleep, personal
wellness, and more all in 24 hours. That is why time seems to pass twice as fast as it did
before because of all the essential things we have to accomplish in a day. In the context of
netiquette, whenever you post something online or send a message to someone, you’re
taking up a few precious minutes from the already limited time of another. Electronic
communication takes time: time to read and time in which to respond. Most people today
lead busy lives, just like you do, and don’t have time to read or respond to frivolous e-mails
or discussion posts. Thus, it is your responsibility to ensure that the time of reading your
message or post isn’t a waste of anyone’s time.
Rule 5: Make yourself look good online
In the real world, other people’s immediate judgment of you would be based on your
physical appearance, your demeanor, how you speak, how you carry yourself, or even how
you dress. In the virtual environment, you will be judged by the quality of your writing or the
content that you post. Both worlds are filled with prying eyes, and whether we like it or not,
thus we need to be mindful of what we call our “virtual self.” So, keep the following tips in
mind:
 Always check for spelling and grammar errors
 Verify the truth of what you are posting or sharing
 Know what you’re talking about and state it clearly
 Be pleasant and polite
 Making yourself look good online does not mean you are pretending to be someone
else for others to like you, rather it means that you ought to step up in making sure
that content you produce should reflect that of a responsible digital citizen until such
time that it becomes your lifestyle.

Rule 6: Share expert knowledge

The strength of the Internet is the extent of the information it offers and various
sources this information comes from. While credibility issues are a concern, the Internet, as
an overall knowledge bank, continues to grow and expand as experts contribute facts that
people constantly consume. Although netiquette lists several red flags, sharing your
knowledge on something doesn’t count as one. So do your part – share what you know!
When you post a question and receive intelligent answers, share the results with others. Are
you an expert at something? Post resources and references for your subject matter. You
have recently expanded your knowledge about a subject that might be of interest to others?
Share that as well.

Rule 7: Help keep flame wars under control

“Flaming is what people do when they express a strongly held opinion without holding
back any emotion.” (Shea, 1994). Flamers, from the name itself, add fuel to the flame – they
provoke people whose opinions are different from theirs. These are the people who express
their opinion in an aggressive or offensive manner, usually resulting in “flame-wars” where
two or three people exchange angry posts between one another.
You have to remember, though, that exercising one’s right to self-expression isn’t a
bad thing in itself. There is a thin line between expressing your opinion in a respectful
manner and attacking the opposing party to prove your point – that line something you have
to keep in mind whenever you are confronted with a disagreement with someone online.

Rule 8: Respect other people’s privacy

Privacy is a human right. Much like how you do not want your phone opened just by
anyone or your messages read by someone without your permission, other people value
their privacy as well. That is someone you have to always remember, especially in
cyberspace, where you get to access loads of information. The advent of the Internet has put
everyone almost everyone’s lives under a microscope. Even so, information that is private in
nature must remain private, and that is a right the needs to be asserted – a right that
everyone is afforded.

Wherever you are in the online world, you may be exposed to some private or
personal information that needs to be handled with care. Ask yourself: What do you think
would happen if this information “got into the wrong hands?” Embarrassment? Hurt feelings?
Loss of a job? Just as you expect others to respect your privacy, so should you respect the
privacy of others as well.

Rule 9: Don’t abuse your power

Just like in the real world, people in cyberspace have their own influence and power
– some with power greater than others. These people are the technology wizards, experts
with years of experience, and system admini strators, among others. If you are one of these
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people or if you are someone with knowledge powerful enough to navigate through
cyberspace expertly, remember that knowing more than others does not give you the right to
take advantage of them.

Rule 10: Be forgiving of other people’s mistakes

Not everyone has the same amount of experience working in the virtual world. And
not everyone knows the rules of netiquette. As you move along and around cyberspace, at
some point, you will bump into a ridiculous post, a nonsense photo, a poorly constructed
sentence, or a stupid question. When this happens, learn to carry an understanding attitude.
Practice tolerance when you see minor and forgivable mistakes. If you feel compelled to
correct and respond to a mistake, do so, preferably in private and as politely and respectfully
as possible.

Digital Issues in the Philippines

Digital Divide
Digital Divide is inequality or disparity between demographic groups in terms of
access to, use of, or knowledge of ICT. Different segments have varying levels of
knowledge and access to digital developments due to a number of factors which include, but
not limited to, race, age, education, income, socioeconomic status, and geographical
location. The digital divide may further be grouped into three divisions, as relayed by The
Manila Times writer Noemi Lardizabal-Dado (2019):

Internet Addiction
Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines addiction as “a compulsive, chronic, physiological
or psychological need for a habit-forming substance, behavior, or activity having harmful
physical, psychological, or social effects.” When we speak of addiction, we commonly
associate it with substances like recreational or illegal drugs. However, due to the widespread
use of the Internet, the digital age has ushered an addiction that has become a growing
concern in society – Internet Addiction.
Cyberbullying
By definition, cyberbullying is a type of offensive action toward another which takes
place using electronic technology (Liquigan, 2016). This occurrence can trigger traumatic
experiences for the victims, just like bullying in real life. Cyberbullies post or send hatefully
and mean messages as well images which are deliberately meant to mock, ridicule,
embarrass, hurt, or attack a person. What’s worse about cyberbullying is that online content
used by cyberbullies may stay on the Web for a long time. Even if the original content may
be deleted, screenshots or copies of it may continue to circulate on social media or on the
Internet. This makes it harder for victims to move forward if the things that traumatize them
constantly resurfaces on the Web. Cyberbullying and bullying, in general, also feed “a
continuum of damaging behavior.” Victims of cyberbullying are more likely to abuse drugs
and alcohol, skip school, receive poor grades, and experience low self-esteem and health
problems.

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 What I Can Do (Application)

arketing products and services but also in lobbying certain advocacies and campaigns. In this activity, you are to create an infographics s

For Printed Modular Distance Learning, draw your output using long coupon bond.

Example
Name: Date: Grade/Section: Score:

*Source: https:// vector-illustration-image65804617

Assessment (Posttest)

I. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Identify the correct answer to the following questions. Write the
letter of your choice in the space before the number.
1. This is an act or instance of using or closely imitating the language and thoughts of
another author without authorization
a. Intellectual Property c. Plagiarism
b. Copyright d. Fair Use

2. RA 8293 is otherwise known as .

a. Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines c. Anti-Cyberbullying Law
b. Cybercrime Law d. Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020

3. Fair use means you can use copyrighted materials without a license only for certain
purposes. These reasons include all choices EXCEPT:
a. Reporting c. Research
b. Scamming d. Teaching

4. This is a type of plagiarism where the writer copies from several different sources,
tweaking the sentences to make them fit together while retaining most of the original
phrasing.
c. The Ghost Writer c. The Perfect Crime
d. The Misinformer d. The Potluck Paper
5. This is a type of plagiarism where the writer properly quotes and cites sources in some
places, but goes on to paraphrase other arguments from those sources without
citation.
a. The Ghost Writer c. The Perfect Crime
b. The Misinformer d. The Potluck Paper

6. This refers to having the appropriate knowledge and skills to effectively use digital
technologies to communicate with others, participate in society, and create and consume
digital content.
a. Netiquette c. Digital Citizenship
b. Netizenship d. Media consumerism

7. This is what people do when they express a strongly held opinion on the Internet without
holding back any emotion
a. Flaming c. Arguing
b. Talking d. Discussing

8. The acronym used to help you review your behavior online

a. CLICK c. NET
b. FEEL d. THINK
9. The people who were born before the widespread adoption of computers and the Internet
and has had to adopt digital technology later in life are referred to as .
a. Digital Natives c. Digital Citizens
b. Digital Immigrants d. Digital Netizens

10. All of these choices are factors contributing to Internet addiction, EXCEPT:
a. Depression c. Social belongingness
b. Anxiety d. Lack of parental guidance
II. Read each scenario below and identify if the situation manifests good or bad netiquette.
Write G for good netiquette and B for bad netiquette.

1. Alexi wants to post a comment to an online message board. She really wants
to emphasize her opinion. She responds in ALL UPPERCASE LETTERS!
2. Tina had a small disagreement on Facebook with her friend about a certain
political issue. She noticed that her friend started to get personal with her
responses. Instead of responding with anger, Tina told her friend that they
could just agree to disagree.
3. David is an Internet expert. He reads a question from a newcomer in an online
discussion group. For him, the answer is easy, but the “newbie” is having
trouble. He responds, “Hey, newbie! Can’t you read a book? Don’t ask such a
dumb question!”
4. Andrew’s laptop got broken, so he borrowed his classmate’s for an assignment
he had for school. As he opened the Internet browser, his classmate apparently
left his Facebook messenger open. Curious, Andrew browsed through his
classmate’s messenger.
5. Aubrey noticed a factual error on her Facebook friend’s post. Instead of shaming
or mocking her, she privately messaged her friend and politely told her that her
post has an error and that she should correct it.

References:

I. Books
1. Media and Information Literacy by Edward D. Gonzales

II. Online and Other Sources

1. Media and Information Literacy – Grade 11. Alternative
Delivery Mode, Quarter 3 – Module 1: Introduction to Media
and Information Literacy, First Edition. 2020