COMSATS University Islamabad

Sahiwal Campus
(Department of Computer Science)
Assignment 2 Spring 2021
Course
Course Title: Data Structures and Algorithms CSC211 Credit Hours: 4
Code:
Course Instructor: Ms. Tahreem Saeed Programme: BSCS, BSSE, BSI
Semester: 3rd Batch: 22 Section: -Name: Date: April 14th, 2021
Time Allowed: Maximum Marks: 10
Student’s Name: Hareem Aman Reg. No. CUI/ SP20-BSI-002
Important Instructions / Guidelines: /SWL
Read the question paper carefully and answer the questions according to their statements.
Mobile phones are not allowed. Calculators must not have any data/equations etc. in their memory.
Question 1: Write down C/C++ Codes for the following functions of strings
data structure:
1. Strings in C/C++
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char str[100];
cout << "Enter a string: ";
cin >> str;
cout << "Protein code: " << str << endl;

return 0;
}

2. Storage for Strings in C/C++

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char protein[10] = {'A', 'G', 'C', 'T', 'A',’A’,’T’,’G’,’T’,’C’};
cout << protein;
return(0);
}
3. Function to copy string
#include<iostream>
#include <string.h>
using namespace std;
#define PROTEIN_SIZE 9
int main()
{
char src[] = "AATTTGCGTACGATGAC";
char protein[PROTEIN_SIZE];

strncpy(protein, src, 9); //it will print first 9 nucleoside

for (int i = 0; i < PROTEIN_SIZE; i++)
{
cout << protein[i];
}

return 0;
}

4. Removing punctuations from a given string

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
std::string seq = "AT%#C*%GG$#T**TA$%@C*^&*G%T&*^A&^&";

for (int i = 0, len = seq.size(); i < len; i++)

{
if (ispunct(seq[i]))
{
seq.erase(i--, 1);
len = seq.size();
}
}
 cout<<"AT%#C*%GG$#T**TA$%@C*^&*G%T&*^A&^&"<<endl;
cout<<"Protein Sequence: ";
std::cout << seq;
return 0;
}

5. Rearrange characters in a string such that no two adjacent are same

#include <iostream>
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int MAX_CHAR = 26;
struct Key
{
int freq;
char ch;
bool operator<(const Key &k) const
{
return freq < k.freq;
}
};
void rearrangeString(string str)
{
int n = str.length();
int count[MAX_CHAR] = {0};
for (int i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
count[str[i]-'A']++;
priority_queue< Key > pq;
for (char c = 'A' ; c <= 'Z' ; c++)
if (count[c-'A'])
pq.push( Key { count[c-'A'], c} );
str = "" ;
Key prev {-1, '#'} ;
while (!pq.empty())
{
Key k = pq.top();
pq.pop();
str = str + k.ch;
if (prev.freq > 0)
pq.push(prev);
(k.freq)--;
prev = k;
}
if (n != str.length())
 cout << " Not valid String " << endl;

else
cout << str << endl;
}
int main()
{
string str;
cout<<"Enter a Protein Sequence:"<<endl;
cin>>str;
rearrangeString(str);
return 0;
}

6. Program to check if input is an integer or a string

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
bool isNumber(string s)
{
for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++)
if (isdigit(s[i]) == false)
return false;

return true;
}
int main()
{

string str;
cout<<"\nEnter something : ";
cin>>str;
if (isNumber(str))
cout << "It is an Integer"<<endl;
else
cout << "It is a String (protein sequence)"<<endl;
return 0;
}
7. Quick way to check if all the characters of a string are same
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

bool SameCharacters(string s)
{
int n = s.length();
for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)
if (s[i] != s[0])
return false;

return true;
}
int main()
{
string s;
cout<<"Enter Something : ";
cin>>s;
if (SameCharacters(s))
cout << "Same";
else
cout << "Different";

return 0;
}

8. Program to find the initials of a name

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void initials(const string& name) {
cout<<(char)toupper(name[0]);
for (int i = 0; i < name.length() - 1; i++)
if(name[i] == ' ' || name[i] == '\n')
 cout << " " << (char)toupper(name[i + 1]);
}
int main()
{
string name = "guanosine adenosine adenosine thymidine cytidine adenisine thymidine
guanosine cytidine";
cout<<"guanosine adenosine adenosine thymidine cytidine adenisine thymidine
guanosine cytidine"<<endl;
cout<<"Initials of nucleotides are: ";
initials(name);
return 0;
}

9. Find one uncommon character in a string

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
char ExtraCharcter(string strA, string strB)
{
int res = 0, i;
for (i = 0; i < strA.length(); i++)
{
res ^= strA[i];
}
for (i = 0; i < strB.length(); i++)
{
res ^= strB[i];
}
return ((char)(res));
}

int main()
{
string strA;
cout<<"Enter protein code 1: ";
cin>>strA;
string strB;
cout<<"Enter protein code 2: ";
cin>>strB;
cout <<"uncommon letter is : "<< ExtraCharcter(strA, strB);
return 0;
}
10. Array of Strings in C++ (3 Different Ways to Create)
(Using pointers)
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
const char *protein[6] = { "T", "G", "C", "T" , "A" , "C"};
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
std::cout << protein[i] << " ";

return 0;
}

(Using 2D array)
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char protein[5][10] = { "T", "G", "C", "T" , "A" };
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
std::cout << protein[i] << " ";

return 0;
}

(Using string glass)

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
std::string protein[5] = { "T", "G", "C", "T" , "A" };

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)

std::cout << protein[i] << " ";
}

11. C++ program to find second most frequent character

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define NO_OF_CHARS 256
char SecondMostFreq(string str)
{
int count[NO_OF_CHARS] = {0}, i;
for (i = 0; str[i]; i++)
(count[str[i]])++;
int first = 0, second = 0;
for (i = 0; i < NO_OF_CHARS; i++)
{
if (count[i] > count[first])
{
second = first;
first = i;
}
else if (count[i] > count[second] &&
count[i] != count[first])
second = i;
}

return second;
}
int main()
{
string str;
cout<<"Enter a protein sequence : ";
cin>> str;
char res = SecondMostFreq(str);
if (res != '\0')
cout << "Second most frequent Nucleotide is : " << res;
else
cout << "No second most frequent Nucleotide";

return 0;
}
12. C++ Program to Sort an array of names or strings
#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char str[5][20], t[20];
int i, j;
cout<<"Enter five nucleotides randomly: "<<endl;
for(i=0; i<5; i++)
{
cin>>str[i];
}
for(i=1; i<5; i++)
{
for(j=1; j<5; j++)
{
if(strcmp(str[j-1], str[j])>0)
{
strcpy(t, str[j-1]);
strcpy(str[j-1], str[j]);
strcpy(str[j], t);
}
}
}
cout<<"\n";
cout<<"Nuleotides Sorted in Alphabetical Order : "<<endl;
for(i=0; i<5; i++)
{
cout<<str[i]<<endl;
}
return 0;
}
13. C++ Program to remove spaces from a string
#include<iostream>
#include<string.h>
using namespace std;
int main ()
{ char str[80];
int i=0, len, j;
cout << "Enter a protein sequence : ";
gets(str);
len = strlen(str);
for( i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
if (str[i] == ' ')
{
for (j = i; j < len; j++)
str[j] = str[j+1];
len--;
}
}
cout<<"\n";
cout << "Resultant protein sequence : " << str;
return 0;
}
14. String Class in C++
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main ()
{

string str1 = "TTGAC";

string str2 = "CAGTT";
string str3;
int len ;
str3 = str1;
cout << "str3 : " << str3 << endl;
str3 = str1 + str2;
cout << "str1 + str2 : " << str3 << endl;
len = str3.size();
cout << "str3.size() : " << len << endl;

return 0;
}

15. C++ program to concatenate a string given number of times

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
string repeat(string s, int n)
{
string s1 = s;

for (int i=1; i<n;i++)

s += s1;
 return s;
}
int main()
{
string s;
cout<<"Enter nucleotides of protein : ";
cin>>s;
int n;
cout<<"How many times : ";
cin>>n;
cout<<"\n";
cout << repeat(s, n) << endl;;
return 0;
}

16. std::string::append vs std::string::push_back() vs Operator += in C++

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
void appendDemo(string str1, string str2)
{
string str = str1;
str1 += str2;
cout << "Using += : ";
cout << str1 << endl;

str.append(str2);
cout << "Using append() : ";
cout << str << endl;
}
int main()
{
string str1;
cout<<"Enter protein code 1 : ";
cin>>str1;
string str2;
cout<<"Enter protein code 2 : ";
cin>>str2;
cout << "\nOriginal String : " << str1 << endl;
appendDemo(str1, str2);
 return 0;
}

17. Comparing two strings in C++

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void relationalOperation(string s1, string s2)
{
if (s1 != s2)
{
cout << s1 << " is not equal to " << s2 << endl;
if (s1 > s2)
cout << s1 << " is greater than " << s2 << endl;
else
cout << s2 << " is greater than " << s1 << endl;
}
else
cout << s1 << " is equal to " << s2 << endl;
}
int main()
{
string s1;
cout<<"Enter protein code 1 : ";
cin>>s1;
string s2;
cout<<"Enter protein code 2 : ";
cin>>s2;
cout<<"\n";
relationalOperation(s1, s2);
string s3(s1);
string s4(s1);
relationalOperation(s3, s4);
return 0;
}
18. Convert string to char array in C++
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string s;
cout<<"Enter a Protein code : ";
cin>>s;
cout<<"\n";
cout<<"Entered Protein code is :";
int n = s.length();
char char_array[n + 1];
strcpy(char_array, s.c_str());

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)

cout << char_array[i];

return 0;
}

19. Extract all integers from string in C++

#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
using namespace std;

void integer(string str)

{
stringstream ss;
ss << str;
string temp;
 int found;
while (!ss.eof())
{
ss >> temp;
if (stringstream(temp) >> found)
cout << found << " ";
temp = "";
}
}
int main()
{
string str = "1: 2 @% 3 xxx 4 apple 5";
integer(str);
return 0;
}

20. C++ program to Replace a word in a text by another given word

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
char* replaceWord(const char* s, const char* oldW,
const char* newW)
{
char* result;
int i, cnt = 0;
int newWlen = strlen(newW);
int oldWlen = strlen(oldW);
for (i = 0; s[i] != '\0'; i++) {
if (strstr(&s[i], oldW) == &s[i]) {
cnt++;
i += oldWlen - 1;
}
}
result = (char*)malloc(i + cnt * (newWlen - oldWlen) + 1);

i = 0;
while (*s)
{
if (strstr(s, oldW) == s) {
strcpy(&result[i], newW);
i += newWlen;
s += oldWlen;
}
else
 result[i++] = *s++;
}

result[i] = '\0';
return result;
}
int main()
{
char str[] = "AAA CAA GTG GGT";
char c[] = "GTG";
char d[] = "CAC";

char* result = NULL;

printf("Old string: %s\n", str);

result = replaceWord(str, c, d);

printf("New String: %s\n", result);

free(result);
return 0;
}