ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN - french curve

Instructor: Architect Abelardo Firmeza - 2 sets of sign pens varying in points

  - circular template
COURSE OUTLINE - optional coloring materials
1. Introduction - cutters
2. Architectural Design Theory - ballpens
3. Esquisse - erasers (different types)
4. Building Economics - liquid paper
5. Building Utilities - scale
6. Approaches and Strategies - watch
7. Simulated Board Exam 2. PRC will provide tracing paper with official seal
  3. Drawing Grids
     ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN - preset grids, but to be shown to the proctor
- it is the translation of an abstract solution to a 4. Not allowed!
real, tangible and concrete solution - no color
- it is the optimum and better solution which must - no people or human figures
approximate the pre-set solution of the examiner - no vehicles even triangle representation on plans
- it must involve the judicious use of design tools in - no electronic equipment
developing the solution within: - no scientific or programmable calculators, only
a.     parameters / constraints simple scientific calculator is allowed
b.     circumstances - no references
c.     environmental conditions  
: must be conserve TOOLS
: must be protected 1. Drawing implements
: must be included in the design solution 2. Codes “Building Codes”
  3. Building Standards
- set by the examiner. The solution must be: SAFE 4. Vocabulary
   
Simple – provide what is needed or simply follow ARCHITECTURAL CONVENTION
instruction 1. Lettering
Appropriate – must fit on concept -simple gothic, upright and all caps
Functional – look-out for specific use of the building -text : 4mm in height
Economical -title : 8-10mm
  -sub-titles : 6-8mm
  2. Lines
  -construction lines or guide lines
  -final lines
FORMAT OF DESIGN EXAM -dimension lines
1. 20”x30” tracing paper – provided by PRC -masculine/feminine lines
2. Black ink – final drawings is in black ink 3. Each drawing must have title and scale and north
3. Pencil – for enhancing and construction line (staedler orientation
pencils) -orientation must always upward! on site
4. College major plate type drawings development plan
- schematic -on plans refer to main entrance of structures
- no dimensions  
- no “call-outs” such as specifications Notes:
- “fully rendered” in the used pencil shadows        Acconometric Drawing
but not colored - another type of aerial perspective
- material must be drawn in full        Berthing
- “no columns” unless it is part of design - term for parking at water
- “furniture layouts” dePending on layout  
and instructions FORMAT OF THE QUESTIONAIRE
- entourage and landscape are allowed but 1. Title
not colored 2. Background or description of the problem
  3. Requirements
RULES a. Plate requirements – specify needed
1. Individual drawing implements and drawing boards rooms or spaces
- triangles b. Drawing requirements – specify scale,
- compass needed drawings, etc
- pencils Notes:
- magic, masking, scotch tapes        Marina
- rubber band - luxurious facilities for water vessels
- drawing board with straight edge - yatch
- erasing shield - fine dining : luxurious eating place
- scissors        Condominium
- protractors - high-rise residential buildings
 - luxurious 4. requirements
- with elevators to make it more luxurious than 5. common sense
townhouse  
- can be bought but original lot remains to the owner Notes:
       Townhouse        Stairs cutting line
- can be bought -7th and 8th steps
- horizontal residential structures
- can be leased (long term) THINGS TO DO IN PREPARATION FOR DESIGN EXAM
       Apartment 1. practice – drafting technique
- not more than 10 units 2. multiple deadline – time management
- rented (short term payment) 3. composition
- usually two storey and for rent - sheets must be clean
       Rowhouse - clear, use acceptable architectural symbols
- can accommodate a full length of block and architectural conventions
       Tenements - respect margins
- an apartment that is not more than 4 storeys  
       Apartelle      PRINCIPLES OF COMPOSITION
- fully furnish with equipments (such as food, beds)  
while apartment will be provided by the tenants Dimension Contrast Variety
       Condotelle Proportion Measurements
- rented by other person to the owner of the room Scale Fixed Proportions
wherein the owner of the room rented it to the owner Equilibrium Balance Gravitation
of building a. Formal balance
       Hotel b. Informal
- rented area provided with room and comfort room balance
and other facilities will be common areas Physical Rhythm Movement
       Motel Manifestation Unity Order / Harmony
- rented area with room, comfort room and “garage” Character Expression
(motorist hotel)  
       Garage CONTRAST OF LINES
- enclosed with walls, roof and door and facilities for        Masculine Lines – bold, dark, straight, strong lines
repairs        Feminine Lines – soft, fragile, thin, curve lines
       Carport  
- with roof and columns 1. Residential : feminine;
       Parking Slot informal
- compose of lines and has no enclosure at all 2. Institutional
  a. government buildings : masculine;
EXAMPLES OF TITLES ANALYSIS formal
       The OASIS a resort b. health care : masculine;
- a mirage : an illusion of water in the desert formal
- located in the desert; a body of water located in the 3. Industrial : masculine;
desert formal
- leisure activities 4. Commercial : feminine;
- having a main focus of “water element” it can be informal
water fountain 5. Recreational
       The HAMLET a townhouse a. active : masculine;
- hamlet : a small French village formal
- having no huge elements such as columns b. passive : feminine:
- compose of common center area such as plaza informal
       The TIANGGE a flea market 6. Religious : masculine; formal
- flea : “surot” 7. Education : masculine;
- baratillo formal
- huge number of stalls that is detachable  
  UNITY
Notes: - creating unified site development plan
       Assume 1-1/2 hours to finish every sheet 1. Central Theme
       Consider facing - creating a motif
  2. Major component of buildings must dominate
a. reading and understanding (3 hours) - exceptional size
b. preliminary drawings (2hours) - strategic location
c. final drawings - unique shape
  3. compact and coherent unit
THINGS TO BE AWARE OF WHEN DESIGNING - orientation marker, ex. sculpture
1. vocabulary - inward orientation
2. building code 4. Harmony in materials, styles, design, etc.
3. presentation  
 CHARACTER - comfort room
- manifested external expression of internal qualities - corridor (1.50 meters)
  - stairs
a.     function – use of the building - fire exits
b.     association – influence of traditional types - ventilation
c.     personality – character of occupants or  heights
human quality a.     naturally ventilated
  b.     artificially ventilated
     ANALYZING THE DESIGN PROBLEM - 1 storey
       read – understand - 2 to 4 storeys
a.     title - 5 to infinity storeys (high-rise)
b.     description or background  structure
c.     requirements a.     superstructure
-        plate b.     substructure
-        drawing - in every five floors correspond to one
       familiarize with the site basement
a.     simply given  
b.     derivation / computation      COST ESTIMATE “BULDING ECONOMICS”
-        closing the traverse (protractor and  levels
calculator) S – budgetary estimate
-       textual (floor area x cost parameter)
  D – detailed estimate
 determine the area of the lot (floor area: specific x cost parameter)
a. formula C – bill of materials
- regular shapes (materials x cost)
- irregular shapes C – bid estimate
b. “dot-grid method” (bill of materials x margin of profit)
- approximate area all dots included in the site will be multiplied  cost parameter/ sqm
to the reference area of the square 1 storey: low cost P1.00 – P5,000.00
c.     planimeter 2-4 storeys: mid cost P5,001.00 – P12,000.00
- use in computing the lot 5-infinity: high-rise P12,001.00 – infinity
  basement (1.2%) = next level
d.     road runner  components of the estimate
- used in computing the length of the road a.     land development cost 25% (P500/sqm)
 determine the buildable area (BA) 1.     earth development
  2.     roads and access ways
buildable area = lot area – open space 3.     utilities (civil works)
70% 30% 4.     landscaping
       open spaces 5.     furnishings
1. set backs – type of lots page 231 b.     structure 75%
2. private yards (front, side, rear) page 227 1.     structural 25% of the cost
3. road abutments page 2.     utilities 15-30% of the
228 cost
4. height of buildings page 3.     architectural 45-60% of the cost
234  
5. private open space page BILL OF MATERIALS
226 1.     materials x
6. natural open spaces 2.     labor 35-40% of x
a. rivers 5.00m direct cost = A
b. creek 3.00m 3.     equipment 20% of A
c. sea/beach front 50.00m 4.     margin of profit 30% of A
d. pasig river 10.00m 5.     overhead 15% of A
 determine the floor area (FA) (ballpen, bond papers, gas, secretary, etc.)
  6.     contingency 10-15% of A
FA = BA x No. of storeys (allowance, wastage) : paid by contractor
 saleable area (SA) 7.     bonds and insurances 10-30% of A
SA = FA - common area (35%) 8.     miscellaneous 15-20% of A
 plate requirements / components construction cost + AE = project cost
 code requirements  
- BP 344 (accessibility law)      UTILITIES
a.     site development 1. water supply
- parking allocation (for disabled 2. waste water
- curb-cut-outs 3. sewage
- ramps (1:12) 4. electricity
  5. lighting
b.     structure 6. mechanical
 7. intelligent system  
 locations of utilities is outside.            resort
a. utility company 1. feature
b.     users 2. amenities
c.     “intermediary treatment” 3. operation system
       horizontal      COMMERCIAL
Note: 1. one-stop-shop
Utilities - all ages accommodated
 step-down transformer : 220V to 110V 2. flagship store
 step-up transformer : 110V to 220V - usually department store
 water tanks - concessions : barbershop, boutiques, etc
     RESIDENTIALS 3. magnet nodes
- (informal) feminine 4. parking
1. multi-storey : 4 storey and below 5. theme activities
2. multi-family  
3. utilities are shared or common areas      ECUMENICAL
4. orientation: 1. all religion
work – west - no symbols of particular religion
rest – east 2. celebrant’s place (altar)
5. clusters - congregation
45 meters: maximum length of corridor      EDUCATION
  GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS 1.     classroom
- basically linear and rectangular in plan 2.     1 teacher = 40-50 students
1. formal (masculine) (1 sqm/person + circulation)
2. multi-storey 3.     standard module 7m x 9m
3. linear development 4.     flagpole / quadrangle
4. flag pole / assembly area 5.     laboratories / libraries / admin / pe
     HOSPITAL 6.     parking
1. users 7.     canteen
a.     patients  
b.     medical practioner      TERMINALS
c.     visitors   international domestic
2. activities Sea Ok : cargo Ok
3. high rise Land X Ok
4. separate out-patient Air Ok Ok
5. philippine heart center, example  
     RECREATIONAL  domestic
       gyms a.     lounge, passenger
1. users b.  offices
a.     players playcourts c.     reception
b.     officials rooms d.     hygiene facilities
c.     spectators bleachers        international
2. playcourts a.     lounge, passenger
3. unobstructed view b.     offices
- less column with the gym c.     reception
    track oval d.     hygiene facilities
1. track and field e.     customs
2. track and soccer f.      immigration
       separate people and good
       swimming pool and diving pool        separate in and out
 
       bowling      EXAMPLE DESIGN PROBLEM
- usually synthetic wood was used nowadays - government building
       golf -formal / male
1. 18 holes – done by landscape architect -rectangular / linear (45 meter)
2. clubhouse – usually two storeys and placed on -multi-storey
the middle  -flagpole / assembly
    a.     first floor        3 branches of government
- dirty area -executive : major
- caddy -legislative : vice major
- clean-up -judiciary : judge
b.     second floor        north (type of government)
- function room 1. ilocos : bahay na bato
- fine dining 2. mountain province : ifugao house
- boutiques 3. batanes : ibatan house
- pro-shop