BUILDING TECHNOLOGY AND MATERIALS Concrete – mixture of cement, sand, gravel and

water
Kinds/Forms Water Distribution System  
  Curing Period of Concrete
Up feed – main (Maynilad/Manila Water) – fixtures 28 days – normal
(as long as there is normal pressure coming from the 21, 14, 7 days – ready-mixed concrete
main water line) 1 day – removal of forms
   
Down feed - main (Maynilad/Manila Water) – Cistern Concrete Mixture
– pump – storage tank – gravity – fixtures  
- tank is placed 10 ft. above the highest Class Mixture 40kg 50kg
fixture Sand Gravel
  “AA” 1*1½*3 12 9.5
Pneumatic - main (Maynilad/Manila Water) – Cistern 0.5 1.0
– pump – pressure tank – pressure – fixtures “A” 1*2*4 9 7
- up to 23 stories only (water zoning – 0.5 1.0
23 stories) “B” 1*2½*5 7.5 6
- 46 stories – 2 pumps and 2 water tanks 0.5 1.0
  “C” 1*3*6 6 5
Standard slope of pipes: 0.5 1.0
Drainage – 1%  
Sewer – 2% PSI – Pounds per Square Inch
  -       Strength of cement (cement and water
Architecture – the art and science of designing and ration provides the strength)
constructing satisfying the four factors. -       In traditional construction: max. of 3000
  p.s.i. and 6.0M span
Four factors of designing Commercial Elf – 2-3 cum. capacity
Institutional Dump truck – 8-10 cum. capacity
1. Function 4 Forward – 14-20 cum. capacity
2  
2. Economy 2 Bagger mixer – 28-30 rotations
4  
3. Aesthetic 1 Pre-Stress
3 -Method of Construction
4. Structures 3 Post-Tensioning – used tendons instead of
1 top bars and bottom bars
- not a pre-cast beam
Difference between a Structure and a Building: - cast in place/site
Structure – composed of building and plan Pre-Tensioning – Camber
Building – enclosure - pre-cast
Plan – internal elements Windows
  Oriel Window – with corbel
Difference between a Storey and a Level: Bay Window – Floor is extended
Storey – super structure only Hopper Window – hinge is at the bottom, inward
Level - super structure and sub-structure swing
  CONSTRUCTION TERMS
   
Classification of Structures Adobe Anchor – Llabe/liyabe
Low-rise Structure – four storey and below Astragal - Batidura (door stopper-strip)
Medium-rise Structure – 5-8 stories (3M deep Bath Tub – Banyera
foundation) Blue Torch – Suplete
High-rise Structure – 12 and above Cabinet Hinge - Espolon
Lay-outs and Excavation Cast Iron - Pundido
  Cement Tiles – Baldosa
Tools used for Lay-outing Conductor - Alulod
1. Spirit level – “lebel” 1.20M max length Door Hinge - Bisagra
2. Plastic hose filled with water – leveling hose Earth Fill - Eskombro
3. Plum bulb – “hulog” Electrician – Elektrista
4. Tremie – funnel used when there is stagnant Istuko - Palitada
water in the excavated area Kitchen Sink – Prigadero
  Morta Bond – Tile Adhesive (Pioneer Brand)
Mortar – Paupo
Nail ½” – Brad * spacing of studs – 61mm or 2’
Nail 6” – Spike Cement Board
Pea Gravel – Grabita Hardiflex – 10mm, 12mm, 16mm (2 hours
Plum Bulb - Hulog fire proof)
Rabbit – Bashida  
Ready Fix - Tile Adhesive (ABC Brand) Casein – glue for wood parquet
Riser – Takip-silipan - ingredients of milk
Scratch Coat - Rebukada  
Spirit Level – Lebel Paint
Wiring Knob – Poleya
Weans Coating – Asolehos Reducers:
  Latex – Water
BUILDING MATERIALS Enamel – Paint Thinner
Wood Lacquer - Lacquer Thinner

Classification Applications of Paint:

Soft Wood – Tanguile, Lawaan, Giho Brush – 25% reducer
Hard Wood – no flexibility Roller – 50% reducer
Properties Spray – 100% reducer
Hardness - compression strength of wood  
Flexibility Black – add mixture
Strength – based on its grid
Durability
Categories
Yard – trims and paneling (baseboards, etc.)
Shop – door jambs (sash works)
Structural
Definition
Strips - <1” (1” x 2”, 1” x 3”, 1” x 4”, etc.)
Board
Dimension – more than 1” (2” x 3”, 2” x 4”, 2”
x 6”, etc.)
Timber – square (2” x 2”, 3” x 3”, 4” x 4”)
Log – biggest section
Seasoning – treatment applied to the wood
Air Drying – P40-60
S4S, S2S
rough lumber (no treatment P23-30)
Kiln Drying – scientifically treated (P40-60)
Manufactured Board
Plywood
Soft Plywood – ¼”, ½”, ¾”, 1”
Hardwood Plywood – used for paneling
(danarra wood)
Ply Board – used in cabinets to be painted
* size of nails – 3x thickness of board
Hard Board – Lawanit (form works)
Particle Board – used for laminated cabinets
Ply Board – used in cabinets to be painted
Acoustical Ceiling System
Acoustic Board – 2’ x 2’ and 2’ x 4’
Wall Angle – installed in the perimeter of
the wall
Main Tee – center line of room
Cross Tee
Trooper Type Lighting Fixture – lighting
fixture used in acoustic ceiling
* spacing of joist – 0.60M
Gypsum Board – no flexibility
Dry wall
Horizontal support – carrying channel
Vertical support – furring channel