Republic of the Philippines

NORTHERN ILOILO POLYTECHNIC STATE COLLEGE

Estancia, Iloilo

SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT
Bachelor of Science in Business Administration

Personality Development
First Semester, AY 2020-2021

Module 2
Personality: Definition and its Components

Read the discussion and answer the assessment that follow, submit via messenger or
email at limsonmarissa0516@gmail.com

Introduction

In this module you would be able to understand your personality and the personality of an
individual, why do we need to study personality and how do we need to improve it.

Learning outcomes: upon completion of this module you shall be able to

1. Identify job requirements needed for your qualifications.
2. Define personality and give its components.
3. Give examples of how personality is revealed and discuss why personality is important.
4. Discuss how personality differences occur and how personality is improved.

Discussion

PERSONALITY is one of the major qualifications given as a major requirement.

It is often said that workers are fired, not because of lack of skills for the job, but because they
could not get along well with their fellow workers. This is a personality problem. Anybody who
works with people – and everybody does – is concerned with personality.
Looking into the criteria for judging in beauty contests will perfectly illustrate the importance of
personality. According to those who have personally witnessed these contests, judges place
more weight on poise over physical assets and on personality over beauty of face and figure.
A winner for the title of “Miss Universe” or “Miss Internationl” should possess communication
skills, the ability to cope with hectic time schedules, adaptability to all sorts of situations,
particularly trying ones, willingness to accept and be accepted by all kinds of people, anywhere
and everywhere. She would be called upon to project herself as an epitome of beauty and to
project it to the best of her ability with poise and a distinct personality that can cope with
unforeseen circumstances.

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In getting a job, these characteristics are equally necessary – conversational skills, adaptability,
ability to project one’s self as an impressive “personality.”

WHAT PERSONALITY IS

Personality may be defined as the SUM TOTAL OF THE QUALITIES AND

CHARACTERISTICS OF A PERSON AS SHOWN IN HER MANNER OF WALKING,
TALKING, DRESSING, AND HER ATTITUDES, INTERESTS, AND WAYS OF REACTING
TO OTHER PEOPLE. It refers to all the factors within the person that influence his
characteristic ways of behaving, thinking, and feeling. It is your image on others. In life we tend
to accept or reject others according to what we think about their personalities. Employer often
tend to hire or promote a person on personality than on what he/she knows about the job.

Once others have decided on the nature of our personalities, they tend to treat us
accordingly. Often the judgement is based on a first general impression and does not change
even though the interpretation was erroneous and our behaviour has changed dramatically. This
unchanging opinion of others based only on a first general impression is known as the “halo
effect.” For example, during the first meeting with an applicant, he makes an inappropriate
remark to the interviewer, the interviewer labels the applicants “wise guy” for the rest of the
screening process even though the applicant could have been an ideal worker.
People often fall in love and marry because they believe their personalities match well.
They enjoy the same activities and their opinions, interests, and values are similar. Personalities
change, however, hence we all see unhappily married couples who, unfortunately, have not
“grown” or changed together.

WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS OF PERSONALITY?

A worker may have a pleasing personality and yet not be considered for promotion because other
aspects of his/her personality prove to handicap his/her work. This was the case of Trixia.
Trixia, who learned to use a computer in school and who had a little knowledge of various
programs found it difficult to land a job.
Being pleasing and attractive in appearance is only one aspect of personality. In general, the
following are the aspects of personality.

1. Physical. This includes the mode of dressing, manner of walking, posture, body build,
health, complexion, and facial expression.
2. Intellectual. How a person talks and what she talks about is what matters in the
intellectual component of personality. He must develop his intellect or “brain.”
3. Social. Good manners, correct manners are included in this aspect of personality. To do
the right thing at the right time, to act in the proper manner, to get along well with others
– these are all parts of the social sphere of personality.
4. Emotional. This component includes a person’s likes or dislikes, whether he/she is
outgoing or shy, whether he/she is calm or nervous, and whether he/she loses his/her
temper easily or “keeps her cool. “Personality problems, such as how to stay mentally
healthy or how to avoid mental disorders are some problems that are emotional in nature.

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 5. Value System. This-includes a person’s attitudes, values, beliefs, and philosophy in life.
This aspect is referred to a CHARACTER. It is shown in the way we judge whether our
actions and the actions of others are right or wrong.

HOW PERSONALITY IS REVEALED

Personality is not revealed in one meeting. It unmasks itself, so to speak, in various ways.
Sometimes, crisis situations reveal the real personality. In a boy – meets- girl situation, the first
impression is usually based on appearance – physical stature, grooming, facial features, gait,
poise, etc. A favorable impression is usually created by a beautiful face, a regal walk, and is
always a pleasant and lasting one. Appropriate clothes and good grooming add to that first
favourable impression.
When the two begin to exchange ideas the boy reacts to her voice, her words, her
interests, and her manner of expressing herself. Her intelligence starts revealing itself. If she has
nothing to say, the impression created by the lovely face and regal bearing is erased. She might
impress him as “beautiful but dumb.” If what she says, however makes sense and is interesting
and informative, she may create the impression of being the “beauty and brains” type.
The acquaintance ripens into friendship. Each will observe how the other reacts to
problem situations. Is she nervous? Is she calm? Does she raise her voice often? Is she easily
rattled? If so, she is nervous and emotionally unstable. On the other hand, if she keeps her
composure under stress and is not easily upset in times of crises, she possesses a high degree of
emotional stability.
Social situations will bring other impressions. One who acts like a “Victorian lady” may
fittingly suit a woman who has excellent manners when she is with company. “She is a lady in
every way”, is a comment given to a girl with fine manners and finesse. Manners may be based
on traditions and conversations of the time and people tend to follow certain established patterns
of behavior.
As friendship deepens into a more stable and meaningful one, and the real self shows
itself, other aspects of personality reveal themselves. Her set of values, her beliefs, and her
attitudes which determine her philosophy of life affect the way she solves her problems and
reacts to situations. As a Filipina, her religion usually influences her way of thinking in many
ways.
This sequence of impressions should not lead one to believe, however, that personality
unfolds itself exactly in this order. The totality of an individual’s behavior is evaluated as a
whole and not in separate pieces, although one or two aspects of one’s personality may create a
stronger impression than the other.

WHY IS THE STUDY OF PERSONALITY IMPORTANT?

What does the study of the human personality have to do with you and your daily life?
The study of the human personality could very well be one of the most significant studies
for you not only now but in the future as well. For it is trough understanding of your own
personality and the personalities of your fellowmen that will spell the difference between success
and failure in your dealings with them. And understanding of your personality and of others’ can
make the difference between satisfactory and unsatisfactory adjustment.

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 If you were to ask people of various ages and walks of life what their most pressing
personal problem is, many of them would say: Understanding my fellowmen (whether a parent,
a spouse, a superior, a child, a girlfriend or a boyfriend, etc).
Most of us see only some small aspects of the true personalities of those around us. We
only see the image that is seen on the surface, which may not rreally represent the entire
personality of the individual.
Mistakes in evaluating the judging personalities are often one of the major causes for the
interpersonal problems involved in marriage, dating, business associations or relations between
friends. The study of personality should, therefore, result in our own personality as well as to
understand others so that we can adjust to them and have harmonious relations with them.

PERSONALITY DIFFERNCES

We are all different because of three factors: (1)heredity, (2) environment, and (3) experiences.

Our Heredity - We are born with a set of genes and chromosomes which we inherit from our
forefathers and our parents. These sets the limits to our potential. This potential is achieved to the
fullest by the proper use of environment – our experiences over the years, especially our
interaction with other people.
There have been many attempts to estimate the relative importance of heredity and
environment on personality development. There is evidence that children reared in poor
environments generally suffer deficient language and intellectual development and develop
general personality defects, such as lack of emotional responsiveness and inadequacy in relating
to other persons. However, not all children reared in impoverished environments are equally
defective.
Twins who are reared in separate environments show greater equality of scores on
intelligence tests than unrelated children reared in separate environments. The greater similarity
of intelligence between twins is explained on the basis of greater similarity in genetic
endowments. Yet, there is ample evidence that intelligence scores of children are influenced by
environmental circumstances.

The environment - This consists of your family, school, church, social groups, and other
groups with whom we interact from the very beginning. Each group puts pressure on us and we
behave in certain ways as a result of being with these groups. Our behaviour changes with each
situation and with the people we are with. We behave differently when we are with our parents,
teachers, and others older than us.

Our experiences - These consist of everything that we do or get in touch with, everywhere we
got in short, everything that we are exposed to in our lifetime, whether physical, emotional, or
social experiences.

IMPROVING PERSONALITY

Even though much of our personality is set early in life, experiences in later life do have an
influence on our behavior. Sometimes an event such as an experience of success or failure may
bring about drastic changes in personality patterns.
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 Fortunately, personality can be improved. Charm, popularity, glamour – these are only a
part of personality.
There is much more to our personality than the impression we make on others.
Personality shows itself even when there are no people around us to impress.
All of us are constantly evaluating and modifying our behavior in the light of our
experiences of success or failure. We all have ideas about ourselves. What may bother us is the
accuracy of our self appraisal, Are we realistic? Have we underestimated or overestimated our
abilities? The important thing is that our self-appraisal will help us develop our personalities so
that we can better interact with other people.
Remember that you are the architect of your own personality. The building blocks of
your personality structure contain diversities of experiences. The more you get involved in the
world and the more you accept its challenges, the greater will be the opportunities to test out
what you believe to be true about yourself and to build your personality.

TECHNIQUES IN IMPROVING PERSONALITY

In improving anything, there are usually four steps to follow:

1. Realize that improvement is needed.

2. Have a strong motive or desire to improve.
3. Take an inventory or make a checklist of the strong and weak points, or what is to be
improved, and
4. Have a step-by-step plan for improvement.

If you feel that you are perfect and need no improvement, then you cannot be helped. But
if you can say to yourself that you can stand some improvement and have a strong desire to
improve, then you can go on to step 3 and 4,

After you have taken stock of yourself, set a schedule for self-improvement. At the end of
this course, recheck to see whether you have succeeded in improving yourself.

FACING YOUR WORLD

With mirror in hand, examine your reflexion thoughtfully, as if you were looking at another
person for the first time. Consider the face-first its general structure and features and then its
expression – and try to imagine how you would react should you, astonishingly, meet up with
your double. Now, try a smile. Often the face becomes dazzling when lit by a genuine feature –
a smile. An eye to eye contact, a slight turn to the head to present a nice profile can do wonders.
With practice, refinements of expression and position become a natural and effective means of
making the most of your looks. A brief smile, the evidence of genuine interest, or the ability to
compose yourself and achieve or later the personality and inner self an inner serenity can become
instant beauty treatments. Having assessed your own first impression impact and experimented
with facial expressions and head positions, concentrate on your individual features. While the
total composite is probably quite pleasing, it is important to learn at a young age which
components are the most striking and which are less attractive – to alter any of them, but because
there are ways to play up your best features and direct attention away from less appealing ones.
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The gaol is to make your face as a whole as lovely/handsome and interesting as it can be. This is
a goal that is possible for every girl/boy.

CREATING YOUR VISUAL STATEMENT

Through an extensive study of line, shape, and color, you can create your very own
Visual Statement. Every moment of our lives, we communicate with other people. Even before a
word is spoken, most perceptions and judgements are made. Are you warm and friendly or cold
and aloof, a success or a failure? These are only some of the traits which can be and often are
transmitted visually.

The purpose of a Visual Statement is:

- To visually create a message which communicates what you want others to know about
you through your appearance.
- To convey outwardly your level of inner confidence.

Your Visual Statement will give you the power to achieve results. People will recognize
your chosen qualities and treat you with respect. This can help you achieve your personal and
professional goals and develop more effective relationships. You can easily have more than one
Visual Statement in a lifetime. You may also want to change your look, depending upon a given
situation, such as a social occasion versus a business situation. Quite often, creating/developing a
Visual Statement according to your immediate goals will make the major difference in achieving
them.

TAKING CENTER STAGE

Your body is a wondrous creation, but it can be weakened by neglect or abuse. On the other
hand, the flow of good health, good grooming, and a flattering use of cosmetics and clothing can
insure that you fulfil your potential and make a positive impression on everyone you meet.
Almost all of us have the secret desire to be “on stage” – to be a star. Fame is achieved by
very few, but each of us is “on stage” in the social world we inhabit. Every time you
communicate with someone, either face-to-face, via the telephone, or by letter, you are the center
of attention as far as the other person is concerned. You should project to the world the best you
have to offer. Everyone is born with God-given looks and basic talents. In some aspects we are
strong, in others weak. Some parts of yourself you can improve substantially, others you can do
little about. You should not be concerned about the things that you cannot change – your height
or the size of your feet, for example. Instead, you should concentrate on areas that you can
change.

DEFINING BEAUTY IN MEN AND WOMEN

What is beauty? It is an innate quality, a way of being, a manner of acting. It is also a way of
looking. When we think of beauty, we primarily think of physical beauty, knowing fully well
that sooner or later the personality and inner self must supersede the outer beauty of the face and
figure. However, to achieve balanced beauty the inner and outer must blend together to be joined
by an ability to love and to be loved, by an awareness and curiosity about life, by intelligence,
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happiness, social grace, and by self-expression through all bodily movements – beauties are
made, not born.
Beauty is also very much a state of mind. Beauty is a quality that should grow with each
passing day and be developed to last a lifetime. Beauty is enhanced by absorbing the beauty that
surrounds you in your daily life. Your personal beauty will be enhanced as your awareness of
beauty grows. As an exercise to help awaken your awareness of beauty, first open your eyes to
the beauty of the elements of nature surrounding you – the stars, the moon, white clouds, blue
skies, mountains, trees, flowers, and streams. An awareness of external beauty helps you
establish your own standards for beauty and develop a philosophy by which you will wish to
live.

Notice your friends. One of your friends may have great physical beauty, the kind that
makes all the boys take notice. Another has a terrific personality – she is always bubbly and fun
to be with. A third may not be so handsome or so happy but he is smart. No one is just physical
appearance, personality, or intelligence alone. You are a combination of all three facets. Think of
yourself a diamond which must be cut with many facet should be proportioned in such a way that
your complete beauty shines forth.

OUTER BEAUTY

Outer beauty is highlighted not only by personal attractiveness, but by outer behavior,
poise, and education. Your speech, diction, grammar, and sensitivity in communication reflect
your true nature. It is your total image that determines just how beautiful or handsome you really
are. First you must survey your present habits of nutrition and exercise, and use of makeup and
clothing. From there, you must embark upon a program of personal enhancement and
development that brings out the positives and plays down the negatives.
Establishing the proper attitude has brought you to the exciting point when you are ready
to cut an important facet of your diamond – the first impression. Although it is common
knowledge that looks can deceive, there is no escaping the fact that physical appearance is the
major criterion in making a first impression, and first impressions are of the utmost importance.
When preparing for a first impression, work to improve everything possible – even the
most minute detail. What may appear insignificant when considered alone can combine with
other imperfections to project carelessness. To each new person you encounter, the way you look
and behave is a sample of your total self. In presenting yourself to others, think in terms of your
“packaging.” You want the person you meet to think, “I want to know this person better.”
Remember that it is natural in our society to rate those who come in pretty and proper packages
more positively, to perceive them as more talented, more intelligent, more adept at the social
skills.
People meet the outer you before they are able to know the inner you. They respond to
the “picture” you make and to the springy and energetic, or uninteresting and uncommunicative
way you are feeling even before you exchange hellos. Therefore, it is necessary that you work to
perfect your outer “Packaging”. This consists of your physical beauty and general personal
appearance which is enhanced through your clothing, accessories, makeup, and hairstyle, as well
as the shape and condition of your body.

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INNER BEAUTY

To think beautiful is to be beautiful.

Everything begins with your perception. Ready? With your eyes shut, think the words, “I am
beautiful or handsome.” With your eyes open, write, “I am beautiful.” With a sincere smile, in
the privacy of your room, say, “I am beautiful. “The seeds of beauty – an attitude by which to
live and an image to project – are the most valuable seeds of thought you can plant and cultivate
in your secret mental garden. Just now, by thinking, writing, and saying, “I am beautiful or
handsome” – you sowed the seeds. After sowing the seeds of beauty cultivation must begin.
Cultivation is comprised of the responsibility and the commitment on your part to make beauty
become a reality in your life. This takes time and work, However, you will begin to fell beautiful
as soon as you begin to work on your physical, emotional, mental, and aesthetic being.
Cultivating the thought, “I am beautiful” requires self-analysis, goal, goal-setting, commitment,
discipline, and perseverance. You must learn to recognize your strengths and weaknesses, your
good and bad qualities, and then decide what can be done about each of them-which will you
play up and which will you play down, or ignore?

LIKING YOURSELF

An essential to beauty is to like yourself, even to love yourself. Respect and love for your unique
self and an understanding of your nature go hand in hand with respect, love, and understanding
of others. Only when you begin to like yourself will you become a vital, interested, and
interesting person. Only when you feel good about yourself and accept yourself will you begin to
like yourself. The object is to develop a friendly relationship with yourself. If you would not
want yourself as a friend, ash why. Your answer will reveal the small or large changes you need
to make to become a person you can sincerely admire.
Making those changes is well worth the effort. The rewards of liking yourself are
outward poise and inward confidence. And once you have discovered and developed self-
confidence, you will have unearthed the single more important attribute of a great beauty.
Confidence is magic! It brightens your eyes, straightens your posture, brings a smile to your lips,
enables you to forget yourself, and draws others to you. It inspires the spark and the glow of
genuine inner beauty, the luster of a finished person.
What I believe is what tends to happen. My belief in positive things about myself and
other people give me an inner feeling of peace and a loving attitude. Inner beauty is calm, serene,
optimistic, poised, and self-confident, and once you have developed it, it will be reflected in your
posture, your face, and your voice. Failure to take care of your inner needs, to develop during
youth the character and ideals with which you can live, can adversely affect your entire life.
Eventually, any neglect of the inner person will begin to reflect negatively in the outer person.

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By: Prof. Marissa C. Limson
Assessment

Answer the following questions:

1. Definition of personality
2. What are the components of personality? Explain each.
3. Explained how personality is revealed.
4. Why is the study of personality important?
5. What causes personality differences? Explain.
6. When you look at your face, what are some of the things you consider?
7. Explain Visual Statement. What is its purpose?
8. Explain the statement, “Be on Center Stage.”
9. Define Beauty.
10. Give characteristics of outer beauty and inner beauty.

(Your essay will be evaluated using the following criteria)

Content 10 points
Organization of ideas 5 points
Language facility 5 points

Total score: 20 points

Reference: PERSONALITY For Today’s Young Professional (Third Edition)

AMPARO E. SANTOS Ed.D.

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