CHAPTER 74 VOLUMES OF SOLIDS OF REVOLUTION

EXERCISE 288 Page 783

1. Determine the volume of the solid of revolution formed by revolving the area enclosed by the

curve, the x-axis and the given ordinates through one revolution about the x-axis:

y = 5x ; x = 1, x = 4

A sketch of y = 5x is shown below.

Revolving the shaded area shown one revolution about the x-axis produces a solid of revolution

∫ ( 5 x ) d x π ∫ 25 x 2 d x
4 4 4
∫ π y 2 d x π=
2
given by: volume ==
1 1 1

 64   1  
4
 x3   63 
= 25π  =  25π   −=   25π   = 525π cubic units
 3 1  3   3    3 

2. Determine the volume of the solid of revolution formed by revolving the area enclosed by the

curve, the x-axis and the given ordinates through one revolution about the x-axis:

y = x2 ; x = –2, x = 3

A sketch of y = x 2 is shown below.

1154 © 2014, John Bird

Revolving the shaded area shown one revolution about the x-axis produces a solid of revolution

∫ ( x2 ) d x π ∫ x4 d x
3 3 3
∫ π y 2 d x π=
2
given by: volume ==
−2 −2 −2

 243   32  
3
 x5   275 
= π =  π  −  π 
 −=  = 55π cubic units
 5  −2  5   5    5 

3. Determine the volume of the solid of revolution formed by revolving the area enclosed by the

curve, the x-axis and the given ordinates through one revolution about the x-axis:

y = 2x3 + 3 ; x = 0, x = 2

A sketch of y = 2 x3 + 3 is shown below

Revolving the shaded area shown one revolution about the x-axis produces a solid of revolution

x π ∫ ( 2 x 2 + 3) d=
x π ∫ ( 4 x 4 + 12 x 2 + 9 ) d x
2 2 2
∫ π y 2 d=
2
given by: volume =
0 0 0

 128 
2
 4 x5 12 x3  
=π + x  π 
+ 9= + 32 + 18  − ( 0 ) 
 5 3 0  5  

= π ( 25.6 + 32 + 18 ) = 75.6π cubic units

4. Determine the volume of the solid of revolution formed by revolving the area enclosed by the

curve, the x-axis and the given ordinates through one revolution about the x-axis:
y2
=x; x = 1, x = 5
4

y2
A sketch of = x , i.e. y 2 = 4 x is shown below
4

1155 © 2014, John Bird

Revolving the shaded area shown one revolution about the x-axis produces a solid of revolution

 25   1  
5
5 5  x2 
given by: volume = ∫1=π y 2dx π ∫1
= 4 x d x 4π
=  2 
1
4π   −   
 2   2  

= 48π cubic units

5. Determine the volume of the solid of revolution formed by revolving the area enclosed by the

curve, the x-axis and the given ordinates through one revolution about the x-axis:

xy = 3 ; x = 2, x = 3

3
A sketch of xy = 3, i.e. y = is shown below.
x

Revolving the shaded area shown one revolution about the x-axis produces a solid of revolution

2
3 3 3 3 9 3
given by: volume = ∫= π y dx π∫=
2
  ∫2 x2
d x π= d x 9π ∫ 2 x −2 d x
2 2
x

3 3
 x −1  1 1 1   1
= 9π   = −9π   =−9π  −  =−9π  − 
 −1  2 x2 3 2  6

= 1.5π cubic units

1156 © 2014, John Bird

6. Determine the volume of the solid of revolution formed by revolving the area enclosed by the

curves, the y-axis and the given ordinates through one revolution about the y-axis:

y = x2 ; y = 1, y = 3

A sketch of y = x2 is shown below

When the shaded area is rotated one revolution about the y-axis
3
volume = ∫ 1
π x2 d y

Since y = x2 , then x = y
3
 y2 
 2  π (4.5) − ( 0.5 )  = 4π cubic units
3 3
Hence, volume = ∫ π ( =
y ) d y π ∫=2y d x π=
1 1
1

7. Determine the volume of the solid of revolution formed by revolving the area enclosed by the

curves, the y-axis and the given ordinates through one revolution about the y-axis:

y = 3x2 – 1; y = 2, y = 4

A sketch of y = 3 x 2 − 1 , is shown below

1157 © 2014, John Bird

Revolving the shaded area shown one revolution about the y-axis produces a solid of revolution

 y +1  π  y2 π
4

( 8 + 4 ) − ( 2 + 2 ) 
4 4
given by: volume = ∫ π x d =
y π∫ 
2
 d =
y  + y =
2 2
 3  32 2 3

π
= [8] = 2.67π cubic units
3

8. Determine the volume of the solid of revolution formed by revolving the area enclosed by the

curves, the y-axis and the given ordinates through one revolution about the y-axis:

2
y= ; y = 1, y = 3
x

2
A sketch of y = , is shown below.
x

Revolving the shaded area shown one revolution about the y-axis produces a solid of revolution
2
2  1  
3
 y −1 
−4π   − (1) 
3 3 3
given by: volume = ∫ π x d y =
π∫   dx =
2 4π ∫ y −2 d y =
4π   =
1 1
 y 1
 −1  1  3  

 2
= −4π  −  = 2.67π cubic units
 3

9. The curve y = 2x2 + 3 is rotated about (a) the x-axis between the limits x = 0 and x = 3, and (b) the

y-axis, between the same limits. Determine the volume generated in each case.

(a) The curve is shown below.

3
 4 x5 
∫0 π ( 2 x 2 + 3) d=x π ∫0 ( 4 x 4 + 12 x 2 + 9 ) d=x π  5 + 4 x3 + 9 x  0
3 2 3
=
Volume x -axis

= π[(329.4) – (0)] = 329.4π cubic units

1158 © 2014, John Bird

 21 y −3
(b) Volume y -axis = ∫ π x 2 d y Since y = 2x2 + 3, then 2x2 = y – 3 and x 2 =
3 2

 y −3 π  y2 π  212 
21
21   9
= π∫
Hence, volume y -axis   d =
y  − 3 y  =   − 63  −  − 9  
3
 2  22 3 2  2  2 

π 162π
= (157.5 ) − ( −4.5 )  =
2 2

= 81π cubic units

1159 © 2014, John Bird

EXERCISE 289 Page 785

1. Determine the volume of the solid of revolution formed by revolving the area enclosed by the

curve, the x-axis and the given ordinates through one revolution about the x-axis:

y = 4ex ; x = 0, x = 2

A graph of y = 4ex lies wholly above the x-axis.

Revolving y = 4ex one revolution about the x-axis produces a solid of revolution given by:
2
 e2 x 
d x π ∫ ( 4 e )= 8π [ e 4 − e0 ]
2 2 2
volume = ∫ π y= d x 16π ∫ e =
d x 16π  =
2
2 x 2x

0 0 0
 2 0
= 428.8π cubic units

2. Determine the volume of the solid of revolution formed by revolving the area enclosed by the

curve, the x-axis and the given ordinates through one revolution about the x-axis:

π
y = sec x ; x = 0, x =
4

A sketch of part of y = sec x is shown below

Revolving the shaded area shown one revolution about the x-axis produces a solid of revolution
π /4 π /4  π 
π [ tan x] 0
π /4
given by: volume = ∫ 0
y2 d x π ∫
π=
0
=
sec 2 xd x = π  tan − tan 0 
 4 
= π [1 − 0] = π cubic units

3. Determine the volume of the solid of revolution formed by revolving the area enclosed by the

curves, the y-axis and the given ordinates through one revolution about the y-axis:

x2 + y2 = 16 ; y = 0, y = 4

1160 © 2014, John Bird

A sketch of x2 + y2 = 16 , i.e. x2 + y2 = 42 is shown below

Revolving the shaded area shown one revolution about the y-axis produces a solid of revolution

 
4
 y3  64 
volume = ∫ π x d y= π ∫ (16 − y ) d y= π 16 y −  = π  64 −  − ( 0 ) 
4 4
given by: 2 2
0 0
 3 0  3  
= 42.67π cubic units

4. Determine the volume of the solid of revolution formed by revolving the area enclosed by the

curves, the y-axis and the given ordinates through one revolution about the y-axis:

x y =2; y = 2, y = 3

2 4
A sketch x y = 2, i.e. y= and y = is shown below.
x x2

Revolving the shaded area shown one revolution about the y-axis produces a solid of revolution
4 3
d y= 4π [ ln y ] = 4π [ ln 3 − ln 2=
] 4π ln
3 3
∫ π x 2 d y= π ∫
3
given by: volume = 2
2 2 y 2
= 1.622π cubic units

5. Determine the volume of a plug formed by the frustum of a sphere of radius 6 cm which lies

between two parallel planes at 2 cm and 4 cm from the centre and on the same side of it (the

equation of a circle, centre 0, radius r is x2 + y2 = r2).

1161 © 2014, John Bird

The volume of a frustum of a sphere is determined by rotating the curve x 2 + y 2 =
62 one revolution

about the x-axis, between the limits x = 2 and x = 4, i.e. rotating the shaded area of the diagram

below

 2 
4
 x3  64  
x π ∫ ( 6 − x ) dx
4 4
Volume of frustum = ∫ π y d = 2 = π 36 x − = π 144 −  −  72 −  
2 2
2 2
 3 2  3   3 

= 53.33π cubic units

6. The area enclosed between the two curves x2 = 3y and y2 = 3x is rotated about the x-axis.

Determine the volume of the solid formed.

The curves are shown in the sketch below

Revolving the shaded area shown one revolution about the x-axis produces a solid of revolution

 27 243  
3
 x4   3x 2 x5 
 − ( 0 )
3 3
given by: volume = ∫ 0
π y 2 d x = π ∫  3x −
0
 9 
 d x= π  −  = π  −
 2 45  0  2 45  
= π [13.5 − 5.4] = 8.1π cubic units

1162 © 2014, John Bird

 1
7. The portion of the curve y = x2 + lying between x = 1 and x = 3 is revolved 360° about the x-
x
axis. Determine the volume of the solid formed.

1
A sketch of part of =
y x2 + , is shown below
x

Revolving the shaded area shown one revolution about the x-axis produces a solid of revolution
2 3
3  3 1 3 1   x5 x −1 
given by: volume = ∫ π y d x = π ∫  x 2 +  d x = π ∫  x 4 + 2 x +  d x = π  + x 2 +
2
1 1
 x 1
 x2  5 −1  1

 243 1 1 
= π  + 9 −  −  + 1 − 1  = 57.07π cubic units
 5 3 5 

8. Calculate the volume of the frustum of a sphere of radius 5 cm that lies between two parallel

planes at 3 cm and 2 cm from the centre and on opposite sides of it.

The volume of a frustum of a sphere may be determined by integration by rotating the curve

x2 + y2 = 52 (i.e. a circle, centre 0, radius 5) one revolution about the x-axis, between the limits x = 3

and x = –2 (i.e. rotating the shaded area of sketch below)

1163 © 2014, John Bird

  8 
3
3 3 x3  
Volume of frustum = ∫ π y =
d x ∫ π (5 − x )=
2 d x π  25 x − =
2
 π (75 − 9) −  −50 +  
2
−2 −2
 3  −2   3 

= 113.33π cubic units

9. Sketch the curves y = x2 + 2 and y – 12 = 3x from x = –3 to x = 6. Determine (a) the coordinates of

the points of intersection of the two curves, and (b) the area enclosed by the two curves. (c) If the

enclosed area is rotated 360° about the x-axis, calculate the volume of the solid produced.

The curves are shown sketched below

(a) Equating the y-values gives: x 2 + 2 = 3x + 12

i.e. x 2 − 3 x − 10 =
0

and (x – 5)(x + 2) = 0

from which, x = 5 and x = –2

When x = –2, y = 6 and when x = 5, y = 27

Hence, the points of intersection of the two curves are at (–2, 6) and (5, 27)

∫ −2 ( 3x + 12 ) − ( x 2 + 2 ) d=x ∫ ( 3x + 10 − x ) d x

5 5 5
(b) Shaded area = ∫ −2
y d=
x
−2
2

 75 8 
5
 3x 2 x3  125  
=  + 10 x −  =  + 50 −  −  6 − 20 +  
 2 3  − 2  2 3   3 

1164 © 2014, John Bird

 = 57.17 square units

(c) Revolving the shaded area shown one revolution about the x-axis produces a solid of revolution

given by:
volume =

( 3x + 12 ) − ( x 2 + 2 ) d x π ∫ ( 9 x 2 + 72 x + 144 ) − ( x 4 + 4 x 2 + 4 )  d x
5 5 5
∫ dx π∫
π y2 =
2 2
=
−2 −2 −2

5
 5 x3 72 x 2 x5 
= π ∫ ( 5 x + 72 x + 140 − x ) d =
5
2 x π 4 + + 140 x − 
−2
 3 2 5  −2

 625   40 32  
= π  + 36(25) + 140(5) − 625  −  − + 144 − 280 +  
 3   3 5 

= π ( 208.33 + 900 + 700 − 625 ) − ( −13.33 + 144 − 280 + 6.4 ) 

= 1326π cubic units

1165 © 2014, John Bird