LAB ASSIGNMENT

Assignment-1

 Write the syntax and one line description of the following Internal commands:
a) COPY
Syntax: C:\> COPY <Source filename> <Target file name>

b) DATE
Syntax: C:\> DATE

c) DEL
Syntax: C:\> DEL <Filename>

d) DIR
Syntax: C:\> DIR [/switches]

e) ECHO
Syntax: ECHO [ON | OFF]
ECHO [message]

f) MD
Syntax: C:\> MD <Dirname>

g) PATH
Syntax: C:\> PATH

h) PROMPT
Syntax: C:\>PROMPT

i) RD
Syntax: C:\> RD <Directory name>

j) REN
Syntax: C:\> REN <Source filename> <Target filename>.

k) TIME
Syntax: C:\> TIME
l) VER
Syntax: C:\> VER press enter

m) COPY CON
Syntax: C:\> COPY CON <Filename>

n) VOL
Syntax: C:\> VOL

Assignment-2

 Write the syntax and one line description of the following External commands:
a) ATTRIB
Syntax: C:\> ATTRIB [± r] [± a] [± h] [± s]

b) CHKDSK
Syntax: C:\> CHKDSK

c) DEFRAG
Syntax: DEFRAG [d:] [/F][/S[:]order] [/B][/skiphigh [/LCD|/BW|/GO] [/H]
DEFRAG [d:] [/V][/B][/skiphigh] [/LCD]|/BW|/GO] [/H]

d) DISKCOMP
Syntax: DISKCOMP [d:] [d:][/1][/8]

e) DELTREE
Syntax: DELTREE [/Y] [drive:]path [[drive:]path[...]]

f) TREE
Syntax: C:\> TREE<

g) DOSKEY
Syntax: DOSKEY [/switch ...] [macroname=[text]]

h) EDIT
Syntax: C:\> EDIT < file name>

i) FDISK
Syntax: FDISK [/STATUS] /X
j) FORMAT
Syntax: C:\> FORMAT A:/s

k) SCANDISK
Syntax: SCANDISK[ drive: | volume_name | /all] [/checkonly | /autofix [/nosave] |
/custom] [/fragment] [/surface] [/mono] [/nosave] [/nosummary]

Assignment-3

 What will be the result of the following commands:

 DIR *.COM
 DIR A*.*
 DIR ??A*.*
 DIR ???.COM
 DIR DISK????.*
 DIR *.EXE/O:-S/P
 DEL A : \ . /P
 COPY *.COM *.NEW

Assignment-4

 Create the following files in the root directory

File Name : SALES.TXT

Contents : This is a sales file. It store details about the total amount

of sales done by the company.

File Name : ACCTS.TXT

Contents : This is account of file. It store the salary details of all the

employees in the company.

File Name : HRD.TXT

Contents : This is a HRD file. It store the leave details about all

employees of the company.

 Assignment-5

Assignment-6

 Using the above directory structure do the following:

 Copy all the files form the directory WORD to MBA
 Copy all the files of “EXE” extension form MSOFFICE to WINDOWS directory.
 Copy all the files from WORD directory to the directory (currently in the WORD
directory) to EXECEL directory without using complete path.

Assignment-7

 Write the command for

 List all the files and directions.
 List the files only
 List the directories only
 List all the files whose filename start with “A” character
 List all the directories whose name is start with the character “A”
 List all the files whose name only made with three characters.
 List all the files in ascending order by name
 List all the directories in ascending order by name
 List all the directories in descending order by name or by size
 List all the hidden files
 List all the system files


 QUESTION BANK
COMPUTER INTRODUCTION

1. What is a computer? Explain the characteristics of computer.

A computer is an electronic device that manipulates data and produce
information. It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data. A computer can be
used to type documents, send email, play games, and browse the Web and also to edit
or create spreadsheets, presentations and even videos.
Computer has many characteristics. The characteristics of computers are SPEED
which in general, computer can solve the complex computation faster than human.
ACCURACY, since Computer is programmed, so whatever input we give it gives
result with accurately. STORAGE, it can store mass storage of data with appropriate
formats. DILIGENCE, computer can work for hours without any break and creating
error. VERSATILITY, computer can use to perform completely different type of
work at the same time. POWER OF REMEMBERING, it can remember data for us.
NO IQ, it does not work without instruction and it has NO FEELING, because
computer does not have emotions, knowledge, experience, and feeling.

2. What is data? How the information is generated?

Data is a Group of information collected. In formation could be anything, and is
often used to prove or disprove a hypothesis or scientific guess during experiment.
This information may be in the form of text documents, images, audio clips, software
programs, or other types of data. Computer data may be processed by the computer's
CPU and is stored in files and folders on the computer's hard disk. Computer data is a
bunch of ones and zeros, known as binary data. Because all computer data is in binary
format, it can be created, processed, saved, and stored digitally. This allows data to be
transferred from one computer to another using a network connection or various
media devices. It also does not deteriorate over time or lose quality after being used
multiple times.
3. What do you understand by computer? Write the various features of each
generation.
I understand that computer is an electronic device which is used to store the data,
as per given instructions it gives results quickly and accurately.
These are the various features of each generations. First Generation( Vacuumtube
based), the computers of first generation used vacuum tubes as the basic components
for memory and circuitry for Central Processing Unit. These tubes, like electric
bulbs, produced a lot of heat and the installations used to fuse frequently. Second
Generation (Transistor based.), in this generation, transistors were used that were
cheaper, consumed less power, more compact in size, more reliable and faster than
the first generation machines made of vacuum tubes. In this generation, magnetic
cores were used as the primary memory and magnetic tape and magnetic disks as
secondary storage devices. Third Generation (Integrated Circuit based), the
computers of third generation used Integrated Circuits in place of transistors. A
single IC has many transistors, resistors, and capacitors along with the associated
circuitry. Fourth Generation (VLSI microprocessor based), computers of fourth
generation used Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits. VLSI circuits having
about 5000 transistors and other circuit elements with their associated circuits on a
single chip made it possible to have microcomputers of fourth generation. Fifth
Generation (ULSI microprocessor based) ,in the fifth generation, VLSI technology
became ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology, resulting in the production
of microprocessor chips having ten million electronic components.

4. What is Computer? Explain the various categories of computer.

Computer is an advanced electronic device that takes raw data as an input from
the user and processes it under the control of a set of instructions called program,
produces a result output, and saves it for future use. This tutorial explains the
foundational concepts of computer hardware, software, operating systems,
peripherals, etc. along with how to get the most value and impact from computer
technology.
There are four categories of computer are supercomputers, mainframe computers,
minicomputers and microcomputers. Super Computers It is an extremely fast
computer, which can execute hundreds of millions of instructions per second.
Mainframe Computers it is a multi-user computer system, capable of supporting
hundreds of users simultaneously. Software technology is different from
minicomputer. Mini Computers it is a multi-user computer system, capable of
supporting hundreds of users simultaneously. Micro Computers are the ones people
are most familiar with on a daily, non-professional basis, but of course that doesn’t
mean they’re exclusive to the home. Microcomputers are smaller computers that run
on microprocessors in their central processing units.
5. What do you understand by the generation of computer? Write the advantages
and disadvantages of each generation of computer.
Generation in computer terminology is a change in technology a computer was
being used. Initially, the generation term was used to distinguish between varying
hardware technologies. Nowadays, generation includes both hardware and software,
which together make up an entire computer system.
First Generation( Vacuumtube based)
Advantages:
*They were capable of making arithmetic and logical operations.
*They used the electronic values in place of the key punch machines or the unit
record machines.
Disadvantages:
*They were too big in size, very slow, low level of accuracy and reliability.
*They consumed lot of electricity, generated a lot of heat and break down
frequently.

Second Generation (Transistor based.)

Advantages:
*They required very small space, were very fast and reliable and dependable.
*They used less power and dissipated less heat and had large storage capacity.
They used better peripheral devices like card readers and printer.
Disadvantages:
*They did not have any operating system and used assembly languages.
*They lacked in intelligence and decision making and needed constant upkeep
and maintenance.

Third Generation (Integrated Circuit based)

Advantages:
*The size was very small in comparison less costly and built with thousands of
transistor which were very cheap.
*They used faster better device for storage, called auxiliary backing or secondary
storage.
*They used operating system for better resource management and used the
concept of time sharing and multiple programming.
Disadvantages:
*They created lot of problems to the manufacturers at their initial stages.
*They lacked thinking power and decision making capability.
*They could not provide any insight into their internal working.

Fourth Generation (VLSI microprocessor based)

Advantages:
 *They were very small in size, and cost of operation was very less.
*They were very compact faster and reliable as they used very large scale
integrated circuits.
*They were capable of facilitating the interactive on line remote programming by
which one sitting at the distant place can get his programs executed by centrally
located computer.
Disadvantages:
*They are less powerful and had less speed than the main frame computers.
*They lacked thinking power and decision making ability.
*They had less storage capacity and needed further improvement.

Fifth Generation (ULSI microprocessor based)

Advantages:
*They are oriented towards integrated data base development to provide decision
models.
*They faster very cheap and have the highest possible storage capacity.
*They have thinking power and decision making capability and thereby they will
be able to aid the executives in the management.
Disadvantages:
*They need very low level languages; they may replace the human force and
cause grievous unemployment problems.
*They may make the human brains dull and doomed.

6. Short Notes :
a) Micro Computer
Microcomputers are smaller computers that run on microprocessors in
their central processing units. They are much, much cheaper than
supercomputers, mainframe computers and even minicomputers, because
they’re meant for everyday uses that are more practical than professional. The
ranges of capabilities for microcomputers are still vast, though. A film editor
might use a microcomputer to run many intensive editing programs at once,
while a student might use a microcomputer for Facebook and word
processing.
b) Mini Computer
A minicomputer is not a personal computer like the desktop machine you
might have at home or work. They are much larger than that. Because of the
ways microcomputers which we’ll cover next have excelled in processing
power even beyond minicomputers, and at a much smaller size,
minicomputers have become pretty much obsolete.
c) Mainframe Computer
 It is like supercomputers, mainframe computers are huge, towering
machines with lots of processing power. Mainframe computers are mostly
used by corporations, government agencies, and banks – organizations that
need a way to store large quantities of information. They are not the same as
supercomputers. The processing capabilities of mainframe computers are
measured in MIPS, or millions of instructions per second. Supercomputers, on
the other hand, are measured in FLOPS, or floating point operations per
seconds.
d) Super Computer
Supercomputers are used in computational science to calculate and carry
out a plethora of complex tasks. Modeling molecular structures, weather
forecasting, and the field of quantum mechanics, among others, rely on
supercomputers and their intense processing power to solve their equations.

7. What is computer? Explain with block diagram.

CPU

Memory Unit

Input Unit Control Unit Output Unit

Examples: 1. Softcopy
Keyboard, Mouse, Devices
Light Pen, Joystick Arithmetic and Logic
2. Hard Copy
Unit
Devices

Secondary Storage
Device

8. What is database? Write the step-by-step process to create a database.

Peripheral Deivces
 Database, also called electronic database, any collection of data, or information,
that is specially organized for rapid search and retrieval by a computer. Databases are
structured to facilitate the storage, retrieval, modification, and deletion of data in
conjunction with various data-processing operations.
 STORAGE MEDIA

1. What do you understand by Storage media? Write the various storage media
used in a computer.
2. What is peripheral device? Explain different type of peripheral devices.
3. What is input and output device of a computer? Explain any four input and
output devices.
4. Write the characteristics of RAM and ROM
5. Short Notes:
a. Floppy
b. Hard Disk
c. Magnetic Tape
d. Magnetic Disk
e. Compact Disk
6. Difference between Magnetic tape and Magnetic disk.
7. Write shorts notes on Sector, Tracks and Cylinder.
8. What is secondary storage? How is different from primary storage
9. Distinguish between a Sequential access, a direct access and a Random access
device. Give one example of each
10. Explain how information is recorded on a magnetic tape.
11. What is parity bit? How is it used for detecting error?
12. Discuss the relative advantages and dis advantages of magnetic tape and
magnetic disk.
13. Why are I/O devices necessary for a computer system?
14. Why are l/O devices very slow compared to the speed of primary storage and
CPU?
15. What is printer? Explain the various categories of printer.
16. Difference between Impact and Non-Impact printer.
17. Write short on:
a. Letter quality printer
b. Dot Matrix printer
c. Ink-Jet printer
18. What is Line printer? Why it is so call?
19. What is keyboard device? List out some of their characteristics?
20. What is MICR? What industry is the primary user of MICR?
21. What is digitizer?
22. What is a plotter? What is its principle use?

 Give the full form of the following abbreviation: VDT, CRT, IOP, CAD, POS,
OMR, OCR, UPC, MICR, COM
 Indicate whether the following peripheral devices can be used for input, output or

a) Card Reader
b) Magnetic Tape
c) Visual Display Terminal
d) Digitizer
e) Line Printer
f) Magnetic Disk
g) OCR device
h) Plotter
 Define the hardware and software.
 How many types of software are there? Given two examples of each.
 Define and distinguish between application software and system software.
 Highlight the importance of system software for a computer system.
 What is firmware and that is its importance to the computer system architect?
 Difference between Hardware, Software and Firmware
 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING AND LANGUAGE

1. What is computer program? Explain the features of computer program.

2. What is computer language? Write the various level of computer language.
3. How does a computer language is different from a natural language?
4. What is machine language? Why is it required?
5. What are the advantages and limitation of machine language?
6. What is an assembly language? What are its advantages over machine language?
7. What is an assembler?
8. What is the difference between a source program and object program?
9. What is High level language? Why are they known as problem-oriented languages?
Name some high level languages.
10. What is translator? Explain the significance of it.
11. What do you understand by translator? Explain the various types of translator.
12. Difference between Compiler and Interpreter.
13. What is compiler? Why is it required?

APPLICATION SOFTWARE

1. What is word Processor? Explain the features of word processor.

2. What is word? Explain any ten features of words.
3. What is mail merge? Explain the feature of word processing.
4. Write the steps for creating a document in mail merge.
5. Explain the various documents used in mail merge with example.
6. What is spread sheet? Explain the different features of spread sheet.
7. Write the different application area of spread sheet.
8. What is excel? Write all the facilities provided by Excel.
9. Write the steps for generating graph in Excel.
10. What is Workbook, Worksheet and Workspace in Excel?
11. What is Power Point? Write the application of power point.
 OPERATING SYSTEM

1. What is an Operating System? Explain the various function of Operating System(OS).

2. What is the significance of OS? Explain the various type of OS.
3. Difference between Single program and Multiprogramming.
4. Write the advantages of Multi-program over Single program.
5. Difference between DOS and WINDOWS.
6. Explain the various features of WINDOWS Operating System.
7. What is file? Explain the use of file.

COMPUTER NETWORK

1. What is protocol? Explain the use of File Transfer Protocol(FTP).

2. Write the various connections achieved in FTP.
3. What is computer network? Explain the feature of computer network.
4. What is E-Mail? Explain the features of email.
5. What is email? Explain the various parts of email.
6. Write the steps for sending a message through email.
7. What is World Wide Web(WWW)? Explain the feature of WWW.
8. How the WW is related to Internet?
9. What is Internet? Write the various features of Internet.