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MAP 3 Group C

The document describes a laboratory experiment on analyzing strike and dip measurements from a geological map to produce a rock strata profile. Key steps included coloring rock units on the map based on a legend, drawing a cross-section line and transferring it to graph paper, plotting intersection points of rock boundaries to determine contours and draw the profile, measuring dip angles and drawing them on the profile, and calculating vertical and true thicknesses of each rock layer.

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34 views15 pages

MAP 3 Group C

The document describes a laboratory experiment on analyzing strike and dip measurements from a geological map to produce a rock strata profile. Key steps included coloring rock units on the map based on a legend, drawing a cross-section line and transferring it to graph paper, plotting intersection points of rock boundaries to determine contours and draw the profile, measuring dip angles and drawing them on the profile, and calculating vertical and true thicknesses of each rock layer.

Uploaded by

azrain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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B.

Eng (Hons)(Civil)(Infrastructure) Engineering Geology (ECG451)


Faculty of Civil Engineering Laboratory Manual

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Based on John E. Damuth, it said that most of geologist know about the orientations of inclined
flat surfaces and they will be able to state all that. For example, bedding planes, faults, joints,
cleavage planes and foliation planes. It is to make sure that they can decipher and map the
geology of the region that has been given. The orientation of any surface are known as two
definite measurements which is dip and strike. (Damuth, 1987)

Based on Dr. M. H. Hill, strike and dip are always perpendicular to each other on a map. Dip is
known as the acute angle which a rock surface makes with a horizontal plane while strike is
known as the direction of the line. It is formed by the intersection of a rock surface with a
horizontal place.

On a geological map, there are a few of symbols that can be used which is shown in the appendix.
There is a symbol for dip, strike, dip and strike, overturned beds, fault, plunging anticline and
plunging syncline. The only symbols that have been used in this experiment is dip and strike.
(Hill, 2013)

In this laboratory activity, the technique of production a cross-sectional profile with the strike line
and dip direction has been learned.

1.2 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

1.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT


A geological map is a special-purpose map made to show various geological features. Rock units
or geologic strata are shown by color or symbols. Strike and dip or trend and plunge symbols
give geologic strata, bedding planes and structural features such as faults, folds, foliations and
lineation three-dimensional orientation. To illustrate the subsurface topographic trends of the
strata, stratigraphic contour line is used.
The problem statement is to analyse and interpret the strike and dip. Also, to determine the true
thickness of rock strata. Then. To produce the rock strata profile complete with strike and dip.
B.Eng (Hons)(Civil)(Infrastructure) Engineering Geology (ECG451)
Faculty of Civil Engineering Laboratory Manual

WAYS AND MEANS

2.1 EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

I. Geological Map 3- appendix 7

II. Graph paper iii. Colour pencil iv. Ruler v. Pencil

2.2 PROCEDURE

• Firstly, all the crops have been coloured based on the shading code given in Appendix 5b.
• Then, the horizontal line of cross-section on the map which is Y-Z has been drawn.
• Next, the same horizontal line which have the same length as line Y-Z, has been
transferred to the graph paper. The vertical line as height also has been drawn in the graph
paper at both point Y and point Z.
• On the geological map, intersection points between the horizontal line, Y-Z and the strike
line has been marked and transferred into the graph paper.
• Before transferring the mark of the intersection points, the line of the Y-Z on the graph
paper has been folded and put on the cross-section line of Y-Z on the geological map.
• After plotting the mark based on their actual height, the contours profile has been drawn.
• Intersection points of the rock type region border line on the geological map has been
determined and transferred on the section profile in the graph paper.
• After labelling the rock type region, estimated rock strata for each rock types has been
drawn.
• The graph has been coloured based on the outcrops.
• After that, the dip direction has been determined as 90 degree and the dip angle has been
measured.
• The borehole cross section with the angle, has been drawn on the geological map.
• Lastly, the vertical thickness and the true thickness of each rock on the profile are also has
been determined.
B.Eng (Hons)(Civil)(Infrastructure) Engineering Geology (ECG451)
Faculty of Civil Engineering Laboratory Manual

2.3 DATA ACQUISITION


B.Eng (Hons)(Civil)(Infrastructure) Engineering Geology (ECG451)
Faculty of Civil Engineering Laboratory Manual
B.Eng (Hons)(Civil)(Infrastructure) Engineering Geology (ECG451)
Faculty of Civil Engineering Laboratory Manual
B.Eng (Hons)(Civil)(Infrastructure) Engineering Geology (ECG451)
Faculty of Civil Engineering Laboratory Manual
B.Eng (Hons)(Civil)(Infrastructure) Engineering Geology (ECG451)
Faculty of Civil Engineering Laboratory Manual
B.Eng (Hons)(Civil)(Infrastructure) Engineering Geology (ECG451)
Faculty of Civil Engineering Laboratory Manual
B.Eng (Hons)(Civil)(Infrastructure) Engineering Geology (ECG451)
Faculty of Civil Engineering Laboratory Manual
B.Eng (Hons)(Civil)(Infrastructure) Engineering Geology (ECG451)
Faculty of Civil Engineering Laboratory Manual
B.Eng (Hons)(Civil)(Infrastructure) Engineering Geology (ECG451)
Faculty of Civil Engineering Laboratory Manual
B.Eng (Hons)(Civil)(Infrastructure) Engineering Geology (ECG451)
Faculty of Civil Engineering Laboratory Manual

3.1 RESULTS

STRATA ROCK TYPE CONTOUR VERTIVAL TRUE


LAYER RANGE THICKNESS THICKNESS
(VT) (T)
(m) (m)
A Conglomerate 14.04 2.6 2.52
B Mudstone or Clay 26.57 3.9 3.49
C Marl 26.57 2.9 2.59
D Shale 40.91 0.7 0.53

3.2 ANALYSIS

Strata layer A

#$
𝜃 = tan!" & &$$' = 260 cos 14.04°
= 14.04° = 252.23 cm = 2.52 m

Strata layer B

"$$
𝜃 = tan!" & &$$' = 390 cos 26.57°
= 26.57° = 348.81 cm = 3.49 m

Strata layer C

'$
𝜃 = tan!" & "($' = 290 cos 26.57°
= 26.57° = 259.37 cm = 2.59m

Strata layer D

")$
𝜃 = tan!" & "#$' = 70 cos 40.91°
= 40.91° = 52.9 cm = 0.53 m
B.Eng (Hons)(Civil)(Infrastructure) Engineering Geology (ECG451)
Faculty of Civil Engineering Laboratory Manual

3.4 CONCLUSIONS

From the experiment, we are able to understand on how to get the rock strata profile complete
with strike and dip. When plotting subsurface profile from geological map, we have to plot the
cross sention with the horizontal and vertical scales accordingly to the scale is normally
exaggerated to improve visibility of the profile. We also can determine the dip and strike of the
rock strata. From the geological map, we know the dip angle of inclined strata, types of rock,
contour range, vertical thickness and true thickness of each rock bed. Task have been carried out
correctly in team and a technical report implemented.
B.Eng (Hons)(Civil)(Infrastructure) Engineering Geology (ECG451)
Faculty of Civil Engineering Laboratory Manual

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