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Ir Sensor Modules: 2.5.1 Block Diagram

An infrared sensor module uses infrared LEDs to emit infrared radiation and IR phototransistors to detect radiation. The IR LEDs emit infrared light with a wavelength of 940nm. IR phototransistors detect changes in the infrared radiation which is reflected back, allowing the sensor to detect motion or measure heat of an object within 5cm. The circuit diagram shows the IR LEDs and phototransistors connected to microcontroller ports with current limiting resistors to regulate the current flow. When infrared radiation is detected by the phototransistor, its output changes from logic 0 to logic 1, which can be read by the microcontroller to sense motion.

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193 views3 pages

Ir Sensor Modules: 2.5.1 Block Diagram

An infrared sensor module uses infrared LEDs to emit infrared radiation and IR phototransistors to detect radiation. The IR LEDs emit infrared light with a wavelength of 940nm. IR phototransistors detect changes in the infrared radiation which is reflected back, allowing the sensor to detect motion or measure heat of an object within 5cm. The circuit diagram shows the IR LEDs and phototransistors connected to microcontroller ports with current limiting resistors to regulate the current flow. When infrared radiation is detected by the phototransistor, its output changes from logic 0 to logic 1, which can be read by the microcontroller to sense motion.

Uploaded by

vemala vandana
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IR SENSOR MODULES

An infrared sensor is an electronic device that emits in order to sense some aspects of the
surroundings. An IR sensor can measure the heat of an object as well as detects the motion.
These types of sensors measures only infrared radiation, rather than emitting it that is called as a
passive IR sensor. The name infrared comes from the Latin word infra, meaning “below”. Red is
the colour of the longest wavelengths of visible light. Infrared light has a longer wavelength than
that of red light. A longer wavelength means it has a lower frequency than red, hence “below”.
2.5.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig 2.5.1 IR Sensors Block Diagram


2.5.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

R4
R3 1K
180

Q1
IR PHOTO TRANSISTOR
D1
IRLED 1

TO MICROCONTROLLER PORTS

R4
R3 1K
180

D1 Q2
IRLED 2 IR PHOTOTRANSISTOR

Fig 2.5.2 IR sensors Circuit Diagram


2.5.3 WORKING AND CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

The IR led is of 5mm and wavelength of radiations are 940nm and its VI rating is 1.5v
and 20mA.The IR rays can cover up to the 5cms and as the power source is of 5v and hence the
current limiting resistors would be 180ohm.the long lead is anode and shorter lead is cathode. It
is forward biased in order to emit IR rays. The IR Receiver used is a phototransistor where
junction resistance is dependent on the IR rays falling on the base of the transistor. Here shorter
terminal is collector and the longer lead is emitter and collector emitter junction must be forward
biased in order receive the radiations. The maximum peak current that can pass through the IR
receiver is 20mA but the safer is 5mA and hence 1kohm Current limiting resistor is used. The
output of the photo transistor is given to microcontroller in order to count.
In normal condition i.e. when there is no one entering then the output between resistor
and collector i.e. output of phototransistor is logic 0 and there is anyone entering that interruption
of IR radiations is caused then the output of phototransistor would be logic1 by this logic the
code is written for sensing the people’s entry.

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