Chapter 5 of Human behavior and Victimology

Crisis Management

 The etymology of crisis management it came frome the greek word “krisis”to desiste or decide
turning points of a progress or an affair , ito ung pagkakaroon ng mga situation na hindi
inaasahan, hindi lang isa pagkakataon kundi series. While emergency it came from the latin
word emergencia which means the dipping or plunging define this a sudden condition , kelangan
ng agaran action.

 Expert management is the expert handling of a crisis with the aim of eliminating danger or
damage, kaya nabuo ung crisis management para maiwasan or mabawasan ung damage na
pwede mangyari. The very purpose of crisis management is to save lives. And the latin term salva
rivitas which means to save lives.

Two Types of Crisis

 Man made - Gawa ng tao, like civil distubances mga nag rarally or nagwewelga.Revolt kudita,
revolution, war, kidnnapping highjacking hostage taking as crimes. Under the government who
manage this is the NATIONAL PEACE AND ORDER or NPO.

 Natural Crisis Emergencies - Against or not sway the will of a person, example Fire, flood, earth
quake , volcanic eruption those are under the national type of emergency , The main conern to
this emergency is the NATINAL DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCIL OR THE NDCC.

4P’s Crisis Management

Ito ung mga dapat gawain During & Experiencing a Crisis we have 2 phases of crisis management
nakapaloob dun ung 4P’s.

 First Phase is Pro-Active Phase - is the sign to predict or to prevent the probability occurrence of
the crisis and at the same time prepared when they occur. (Prevention)

 Pre Actvive Phase- After ng Preperation ng mga ways and means like nangayri na you need to
perform what you have trained. Dito na papasok ung Performance.

 Prediction - pre telling ,kelangan maisip mo beforehand advance ung pagiisip mo or nag bubuo
kana ng scenario para maisip mo kung ano ung pwede mg mangayri at malessen ung damage at
maging prepared ka. Acknowledging king ano ung mga situation na pwede mangayri para
maiwasan,like sa PNP continue ung orientation para alam kung sapat paba ung mga gamit nila or
ung madalas na gulo na mangyari sa area of responsibility nila. No possible subject.

 Prevention- Involves the institution of passive active security measures , maganda sa prevention
when it comes to personnel security operation ay pinaghahandaan kung papaano nila
naiimplement ung mga actions dapat physically and mentally fit kelangan talaga ng mapursigi
training.

 Preparation - Prepare, entails planning pinaka importante talaga is ung pagplaplano dahil malaki
percentage nyan ang maiiambag sa gagawain or isasagawa operation. Personnel organizing ,
training , stock filing .

 Performance - ensure a high probability of the success in neutralizing the perpetrator minimize
or cuisine the objects and events to ensure smooth speedy rehabilitation and return to normal.
Pagsasagawa ng mga bagay

3 Stages of performance
 Initial Action - kailangan all the unit commanders person considered in the person of authority
needs to know these are the person na meron lang control sa particular situation , ang ginagawa
dito ng mga unit commander is understand the crisis and of course I handa ung magiging action
nila. Dapat before the action ung briefing is important and un ung ginagawa nila sa initial action.

Monitoring The Scene

Securing The Scene - Kelangan wala mga tao, na makikialam sa ganun situation.
Evacuating innocent Civilian
Preventing Escape of Perpetrators - kaya naka alert ang entrance and exit secured na dapat.

Stage 2 is the action

Action - ito na mismo ung ginagawa wherein command pose is establish follow by deploy units. On
scene command pose is importante at hindi mawawala dahil dito papasok at lalabas un info dun sa
scene dito dadaan, kung ano ano ung mga units na kasama. Other the tactical unit the SWAT and the
SAF. Service support units , medical team and soco if crime scene, negotiation team incase of hostage
staking, media men and etc. On scene commander dapat hands on and make shure sa action sa lahat
ng ginagawa all clean and proper clean cut malinis and klaro there is no conclusion.

Who are the tactical unit ?

 These are comprise of regular military is placed under the operational command. Its maybe the
SWAT or the SAF , SAF is our elite force of the PNP responsible in our counter terrorist Unit.

What are the Support Units?

 Medical unit, Intelligence unit,communication team , Logistics ,Fire fighting team , Investigative
personnel assigned command pose ,lahat ng yan ay kailangan para makapag provide ng info and
tulong. Fire fighting team usually ginagamit sa crowded people like sa rally, Defense ng PNP in
case of that situation.

2 Distinct Activity in Action Phase

 Apply ito sa Hostage Taking crisis .

1. Negotiate - Kakausapain mo dapat ung nanghostage.

2. Tactical or Intervention - Pag ayaw na makinig at nakikita mo delikado na ung buhay ni victim its
about time to do some action.

Stage 3 is The Post Action

 Nagsisimula to stage na to pag si perpetrator is nag surrender ,or kaya nahuli na and the
situation is any cleared from harm all commander ensure the activities lahat ng evidence nakuha
proper documentation kelangan ung commander di nya makakalimutan icheck lahat lahat ng
nagingparticipant ng incident , written reports verry important , filing of prosecution of the
suspect of crime comitted , damage and compensation and rehabilitation.

Terrorist Base on Crisis Management Procedures

 Isa sa mga emergency na maari at posible naten maranasan.

Procedures in Handling
1. Prediction - magagawa lang un through gathering of some info with the help of research.
2. Intelligence - for collection , evaluating , segregation of info para masala.
3. Events - ung mga situation na nangyari na like lapses ng unit, mga naulit na is will be improve para
mas mapaayos at mapalakas ang pwersa. Evaluation after the crisis para pagnangyari ulit sa susunod
maiimprove na ung weaknesses and lapses .
4. Threat Analysis - lahat the personnel , logistics, terrain lahat na dito is inaaral, ano ung mga possible
na maging strenght ng personnel dito tinitignan at pinag aaralan to control the capabilities of the
perpetrator na maari nila magawa.
5. Threat Groups - dito pinag aaralan kung ano ba ung group ng perpetrator.

Categories of Perpetrator

1. Political Terrorist - they are using private groups or private army for their political goal. Gumagamit
ng iba tao para ma achieve nila ung goal nila.

2. Criminal- people commit acts , like kidnapping , bombing , hired killer, binabayaran sila like private
and for money.

3. Mentally Derange Individual - gumagawa sila ng mga bagay , like terrorist acts pero di sila kasama
sa ideological dahil sila ung may problema sa pag iisip na mahirap makipag deal. Kaya alam dapat
naten ang different disorders and behavior of a person. Dahil iba iba approach at tama way para I
approach.

4. Religious Extremist - rampant ito sa international organization , na kung saan may ideologist na
pinaglalaban which is religion. Like ISIS or ISLAM, the Holy war ang pagpatay nila sa hindi nila
kapanalig dahil naniniwala sila na isang karangalan sa kanila yon.

5. Economically motivated groups or Individual - ang pinaka goal nila is acquire also money or
gumagamit sila grupo and organization there are also motivation like ung pabor dapat gusto nila
ibigay sakanila like UNION. And also terrorist tactics , vehicle bomb , projected bombs, arson disactive
fire, high jacking, ammunition, food supplies.

6. Assasination and Liquidation - considered the oldest type of terrorist tactics para ma attain goal
nila is papatayin nila ung mga nakaupo sa pwesto which is hindi pabor sakanila.

7. Ambush - paghaharang at pagpatay sa personnel.

8. Kidnapping

9. Hostage Taking

10. Robbery and extortion

11. Progressive Taxation - Gawain ng CPP-NPA terrorist group na kung saan gagawain nila
magpapabayad sila para hindi sila mang gulo or manira ng negosyo.

12. Rades and attacks - attract public , media and attention kadalasan tactics ng terrorist and rally.
Hostage Situation

 This is the person or entity help by captor.

 Hostage taker literally a person or party who seize a hostage.
 Hostage situation refers to the mutual discussion between the authorities and hostage taker ,
negotiation or negotiate pakikipag ayos, pag uusap.
 Time - it is the most important factor lalo na situation na ganito , according to skolsberg the
more time the fellon spend with the hostage less to take the hostages life. Because it develop
feelings in one another. Ung emotion na nararamdaman nung tao is nababawasan or nakukuha
mona.

The 3 Negotiating Team

1. Primary Negotiator - sila ung kumakausap sa perpetratoror sa subject.

2. Secondary Negotiator - pinaka role nila is for back up. Kailangan ang gawin neto pag nag fail ung
primary , siya ubg papalit kung ung primary is nakikipag usap na like siya ung nag aadvice kay primary.
3. Third Negotiator - She or he serves a intellegence negotiator every criminal history , gather relevant
information.

This 3 teams is Primary or have a primary role and direct involvement team and immidiate family.

The 7 Negotiating Team , the Ideal number.

Only the Police are allowed to negotiate there is no direct participation of the civilian.

Rule 26. Hostage taking situation barricades the situation under the police operation procedure
manual .

First - There should be a Crisis Management Task Group, kelangan I activate muna.
Second - Incident or Crime scene kelangan secured and safe from other people . Unauthorized person
shall not allowed.
Third - Witnesses , names , and other information shall be recorded and witnesses shall be take in
safe place. Para sa preservation ng evidence , kailangan ung mga vital information maisip agad at ito
na dapat ang una gawain.

Sec 2. The Ground Commander

 In Hostage taking situation there should only be one ground commander in the area, kase to
achieve the unity of command ,para maayos ang pag cocommand para ma achieve ung goal. To
avoid confusion. Ground commander will be the spoke person and control the area.

Sec.3 Negatiator

 Negotiator is designated by the ground commander.

 Assault team - if the negotiator fail sila ang next na mag rerespo.
 Assault plan - naka antabay na kung papaano nila isasagawa ung plano na less lang ung magiging
epekto or threat sa buhay lalo na ung victim . diba ang purpose is to save lives.
 Escort personnel - sila ung mga medical group nakaantabay lang sila sa area.
 Coordination - Proper coordination , lahat ng intel sa ibat ibang ahensya to particular on this
situation is kelangan .
Sec. 8 Safety of Hostages

 Safety of the victim and hostage is the importance goal in this situation , because the purpose of
crisis management is to Save lives. Kahit ano mangyari like mag fail ang negotiator , assult team
ang maghahandle at sila na ang bahala sa perpetrator.

Sec. 9 Guidelines During the Negotiation

First - Situation may stabilize first and contain for the start for negotiation. Shempre kailangan ready
na lahat the assult team , medical crew, lahat lahat ng kailangan sa operation is ready na dapat for
any casualty to happen, ung presence of mind kung ano man ang mangyari sa situation.

Second - Do not Introduce the Outsider’s , kaya Only the PNP lang ang pwede maki negotiate. Unless
the situation is nangangailangan non.

Third - Police officer without proper training will not be allowed to participate in this situation, kaya
ung mga personnel is have a proper training hindi pwede basta basta or bara bara ung gagawain na
steps. Only those who acquired training.

Different Syndrome Relating to Crisis Management

 Ito ung mga real life story na pinag aralan ng mga criminologist and psychiatrist na kung saan
nakita nila ung mga different perspective na nararanasan during hosatge taking.

First - The famous Syndrome which is “Stock Home Syndrome” kasi nangyari sya sa stock home ,
nangyari sa pgananakaw sa isang bank. Nels Behirot who give the term Stock home syndrome.

What is the Meaning of Stock home Syndrome ?

-ung mga hostages nagkakaroon ng positive feelings toward the captors, nagkakaroon ng awa to the
extent naiinlove pa there is so many situations na nangayayari talaga ung ganon bagay. Nagkakaroon
ng sympathy ung mga na hostage , like kung bakit nila nagawa yung bagay nayon.

Second - “Lima Syndrome”, ang nangyayari nagkakaroon ng sympathy ung hostage taker sa kanya
hostage, to the extent din na naiinlove sakanya hostage.

Third - The “London Syndrome” kabaliktaran sya ng stock home syndrome sa halip na maayos ung
kakalabasan or nag gagain ng sympathy , dito naman negative ang mangayayri magkakaroon ng
negative feelings ung mga hostages , na pwede mangyari is mapatay ng captor ung kanya mga
hinostage.