COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

Sector:

ELECTRONICS SECTOR
Qualification:

COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING NC II

Unit of Competency:
USE HAND TOOLS
Module Title:

USING HAND TOOLS

TECHNICAL EDUCATION SKILLS DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
REGION XII
NOTRE DAME UNIVERSITY

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 HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MODULE

Welcome to the module “using hand tools”. This module contains

training materials and activities for you to complete.

The unit of competency “Use Hand Tools” contains the knowledge, skills
and attitudes required for Electronic Product Assembly and Servicing
course required to obtain the National Certificate (NC) level II.

You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to

complete each of the learning outcomes of the module. In each learning
outcome there are Information Sheets, Job Sheets, Operation Sheets
and Activity Sheets. Do these activities on your own and answer the Self-
Check at the end of each learning activity.

If you have questions, do not hesitate to ask your teacher for assistance.

Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)

You may already have some basic knowledge and skills covered in this
module. If you can demonstrate competence to your teacher in a particular
skill, talk to him/her so you do not have to undergo the same training again.
If you have a qualification or Certificate of Competency from previous
trainings, show it to him/her. If the skills you acquired are consistent with and
relevant to this module, they become part of the evidence. You can present
these for RPL. If you are not sure about your competence skills, discuss this
with your teacher.

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 After completing this module, ask your teacher to assess your
competence. Result of your assessment will be recorded in your competency
profile. All the learning activities are designed for you to complete at your
own pace.
In this module, you will find the activities for you to complete and relevant
information sheets for each learning outcome. Each learning outcome may
have more than one learning activity.

This module is prepared to help you achieve the required competency in

receiving and relaying information. This will be the source of information
that will enable you to acquire the knowledge and skills in Electronic Product
Assembly and Servicing NC II independently at your own pace with
minimum supervision from your teacher.

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 LIST OF COMPETENCY
N Unit of competency Module title Code
o
1. Apply quality standards Applying quality standards ELC315202
Perform computer Performing computer
2. ELC311203
operations operations
Perform mensuration and Performing mensuration and
3. ELC311201
calculation calculation
Prepare and interpret Preparing and interpret
4. ELC311202
technical drawing technical drawing
ELC72420
5. Use hand tools Using hand tools
1
Terminate and connect Terminating and connect
6 electrical wiring and electrical wiring and ELC724202
electronic circuits electronic circuits
Test electronic Testing electronic
7 ELC724205
components components

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MODULE CONTENT

Qualification: ELECTRONIC PRODUCT ASSEMBLY AND SERVICING NC

II
Unit of
Use Hand Tools
Competency:
Module Title: Using Hand Tools

DESCRIPTION: This module covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes on

the safe use, handling and maintenance of tools.

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES

Upon completion of the module, you shall be able to:

LO1. Plan and prepare for tasks to be undertaken
LO2. Prepare hand tools
LO3. Use appropriate hand tools and test equipment
LO4. Maintain hand tools

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
1. Tasks to be undertaken are properly identified
2. Appropriate hand tools are identified and selected according to the
task requirements
3. Appropriate hand tools are checked for proper operation and safety
4. Unsafe or faulty tools are identified and marked for repair according to
standard company procedure
5. Tools are used according to tasks undertaken
6. All safety procedures in using tools are observed at all times and
appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) are used

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7. Malfunctions, unplanned or unusual events are reported to the
supervisor
8. Tools are handled without damage according to procedures
9. Routine maintenance of tools is undertaken according to standard
operational procedures, principles and techniques
10. Tools are stored safely in appropriate locations in accordance with
manufacturer’s specifications or standard operating procedures

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 LEARNING OUTCOME 1
PLAN AND PREPARE FOR TASKS TO BE UNDERTAKEN

CONTENTS:
 Identifying appropriate hand tools
 Identifying tasks
 Selecting appropriate hand tools
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Tasks to be undertaken properly identified.
2. Appropriate hand tools identify
3. Hand tools selected according to the task requirements.
CONDITION:
Students/trainees must be provided with the following:
 Hand tools for adjusting, dismantling, assembling, finishing, cutting,
screwdrivers, pliers, punches
 Wrenches
 Files
METHODOLOGIES:
 Lecture-demonstration
 Self-paced instruction
 Group discussion
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
 Hands-on
 Direct observation
 Practical demonstration

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METHODOLOGIES:
 Lecture-demonstration
 Self-paced instruction
 Group discussion
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
 Hands-on
 Direct observation
 Practical demonstration

LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ACTIVITIES

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Learning Outcome1: Plan and prepare for tasks to be undertaken
Learning Activities Special Instructions
1. Read the attached Information After reading this information sheet,
Sheet 5.1-1 Importance and you must be able to answer self-
types of tools and equipment. check 5.1-1

INFORMATION SHEET 5.1-1

PLAN AND PREPARE FOR TASKS TO BE UNDERTAKEN

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Introduction
Tools are defined as implements used to modify raw materials for
human use. Tools can be considered as extension of the human hand thereby
increasing its speed, power, and accuracy.

Learning objectives:
After reading this information sheet the trainee must be able to:
1. Identify tools needed assembling and servicing electronic products.
2. Determine the used and function of tools used in assembling and
servicing electronic products
Advantages of using the proper tools
1. Efficiency of the work
2. High quality of work is achieved
3. Speed of accomplishment is faster
4. Accuracy

Types of tools
There are three main types of tools/equipment in the shop. One type is
known as hand tools because your hand supplies the energy to operate
them. The other type is called machine or power tools/equipment.
Electricity, compressed air, or hydraulic pressure operates these tools. This
type is referred to as power tools. Electronics has its own special tools and
supplies. For starters, you'll need a basic set of hand tools. Most electronic
work is relatively small, so you don't need huge heavy-duty tools.

Hand tools

They include screwdrivers, hammers, pliers, wrenches and pullers.

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1. Screwdrivers are used to drive, or turn screws. The most common type
has a single flat blade for driving screws with slotted heads.

2. Hammers are the ones you use most in the shop. They should be gripped
on the end of the handle.

3. Pliers are specified types of adjustable wrenches. The two legs move on
a pivot so that items of various sizes can be gripped.

4. Wrenches are used to turn screws and nuts and bolts with hexagonal
heads. “Hexagonal” means six-sided. A variety of wrenches is used in the
shop.

5. Pullers are used to remove gears and hubs from shafts, bushings from
blind holes, and cylinders’ liners from the engine blocks.

Tools can be also classified according to their uses. Tools used in

assembling, and servicing electronic products can be classified as:
1. splicing tools 3. soldering tools
2. driving tools 4. boring tools and cutting tools

There are auxiliary tools which are also used in electronic product
assembly and servicing.

SPLICING TOOLS

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 Needle Nose pliers - Mainly used to hold small
wire and parts when your figures just can't do it. Get
a small set of needle-nose pliers with thin jaws for
working with small parts, and a larger set for bigger
jobs. Most electronic work, you'll depend on needle -
nose pliers, which are especially adopt at working
with wires — bending and twisting them, pushing
them through holes, and so on.
Long nose pliers - is used for holding, bending,
and stretching the lead of electronic component or
splicing wires.
Diagonal Cutters - used to cut wires and especially
the wires sticking out from the bottom of a circuit
board after soldering a part in place

Duckbill pliers - resemble a “duck’s bill” in that the

jaws are thin, flat, and shaped like a duck’s bill. They
are used exclusively for twisting safety wire.

Stripping Tool
Wire Strippers - are pairs of opposing blades much
like scissors or wire cutters. The addition of a center
notch makes it easier to cut the insulation without
cutting the wire.

DRIVING OF TOOLS
Screwdrivers are hand tools specifically designed to insert and tighten, or
to loosen and remove screws. A screwdriver comprises a head or tip, which
engages with a screw, a mechanism to apply force by rotating the tip, and
some way to position and support the screwdriver, the tip of which is
shaped in to fit a particular type of screw. Screwdrivers are available in a

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wide variety of shapes, sizes, and materials. But, they are all intended for
one simple use: driving and withdrawing threaded fasteners such as wood
screws, machine screws, and self-tapping screws.
Slotted Screwdriver is used to drive or
fasten negative slotted screws.

Phillips Screwdriver – used to drive or

fasten positive slotted screws. It is a
screwdriver that could take greater torque and
could provide tighter fastenings.
Replaceable tip screwdrivers - commonly
referred to as“10 in 1” screwdrivers, allow for
the quick changing of a screwdriver tip, and
economical replacement of the tip when it
becomes worn. A wide variety of screwdriver
tips, including flat, crosspoint (Phillips and
Reed & Prince), Torx and square drive tips are
available for use with the handles.
Jeweler's Screwdriver Set – is a set of small
screw drivers composed of slotted and Phillips
screwdrivers.

SOLDERING TOOLS
Solder
Station - use to
heat up the
Soldering Iron – is a tool for
metals that you
applying heat to melt solder in
are going to join
attaching two metal parts.

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 together using
solder.
A soldering iron or soldering station is composed of a heated metal tip and
an insulated handle. For electrical work, wires are usually soldered to
printed circuit boards, bother wires, or small terminals. A low-power iron
(20-30 Watts) is suitable for this work.
Soldering gun - is a device for applying heat to
melt solder in attaching two metal parts. A
soldering gun is composed of a heated metal tip
and an insulated handle.

Soldering Tool Stand – is a place where the

soldering iron is placed during usage. This will
keep the soldering iron away from flammable
materials. The stand often comes with a sponge
used in cleaning the tip of the soldering iron.
Desoldering tool is used in removing soldered
wires and components on printed circuit boards
for troubleshooting and repair purpose. At some
stage, you will probably need to desolder a joint
to remove or reposition a wire or component. The
easiest and most common way is the use of
desoldering pump.

BORING TOOLS

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 Portable Electric Drill is used for boring
hole(s) in plastic or metal chassis with the
used of drill bits having sizes from 1/6” to
approximately 1/4”.

Metal Files These are hand tools having a

series of sharp, parallel ridges or teeth. Most
files have a narrow, pointed tang at one end
to which a handle can be fitted.
1. Flat File is parallel in width and tapered in
thickness; they are used for flat surfaces
and edges.
2. Half Round File is tapered in width and
thickness, coming to a point, and is
narrower than a standard half round and
used for filing inside of rings.
Round File - is also called rat-tail file which is gradually tapered and used
for many tasks that require a round tool, such as enlarging
round holes or cutting a scalloped edge.

CUTTING TOOLS
1. Utility Knife is a common tool used in cutting
various trades and crafts for a variety of
purposes.
2. Hacksaw is used for cutting metals. Some have
pistol grips which keep the hacksaw firm and
easy to grip. The small hand-held hacksaws
consist of a metal arch with a handle that fits

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 around a narrow, rigid blade.

AUXILIARY TOOLS
Magnifying Glass is a convex lens which is used to
produce a magnified image of an object. The lens is
usually mounted on a frame with a handle. Roger Bacon is
the original inventor of the magnifying glass. A magnifying
glass works by creating a magnified virtual image of an
object behind the lens. Some magnifying glasses are
foldable with built-in light.
Paint Brush – made of bristles set in handle, use for
cleaning dirty parts of a circuit or an object.

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 SELF-CHECK 5.3-1

II. Directions: Match the tools on column A with their classification on

column B. Write only the letter of the correct answer on your
answer sheet.

Tools Classification
_______ 1. Screw driver A. drilling equipment
_______ 2.claw hammer B. Cutting tools
_______ 3.pliers C. measuring tools
_______ 4.side cutter D. driving tools
_______5.hand drill E. measuring and testing

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 ANSWER KEY TO SELF-CHECK 5.3-1

II. Directions:

Match the tools on column A with their classification on column B. Write

only the letter of the correct answer on your answer sheet.

Tools Classification

____D___ 1. Screw driver A. drilling equipment

____D___ 2.claw hammer B. Cutting tools
____C___ 3.pliers C. splicing tool
____B___ 4.side cutter D. driving tools
____A___5. power drill E. measuring and testing

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 LEARNING OUTCOME 2
PREPARE HAND TOOLS
CONTENTS:
 Prepare Hand tools (Check the Conditions of the Tools)
 Safety requirements of hand tools
 Making Reports for malfunction and unplanned or unusual
events
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Appropriate hand tools checked for proper operation and safety
2. Unsafe or faulty tools identified
3. Marked all tools for repair according to standard company
procedures
CONDITION:
Students/trainees must be provided with the following:
 Hand tools for adjusting, dismantling, assembling, finishing,
cutting, screwdrivers, pliers, punches
 Wrenches
 Files
METHODOLOGIES:
 Lecture-demonstration
 Self-paced instruction
 Group discussion
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
 Hands-on
 Direct observation
 Practical demonstration

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 LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ACTIVITIES

Learning Outcome1: Prepare Hand Tools

Learning Activities Special Instructions
2. Read the attached Information After reading this information
Sheet 5.2-1 Importance and sheet, you must be able to answer
types of tools and equipment. self-check 5.2-1
3. Read the attached Information After reading this information
Sheet 5.2-2 Identification of sheet, you must be able to answer
Non-Functional Tools and self-check 5.2-2
Equipment
4. Read the attached Information After reading this information
Sheet 5.2-3 Personal protective sheet, you must be able to answer
rquipment self-check 5.2-3

INFRORMATION SHEET 5.2-1

PREPARE HAND TOOLS

Learning objectives:

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 After reading this information sheet the trainee must be able to find
the advantages of using good condition tools

5. Efficiency of the work

6. High quality of work is achieved
7. Speed of accomplishment is faster
8. Accuracy

However, these advantages depend upon the three factors, namely:

1. Availability and sufficiency of materials

2. Experience and skill of the workers in their respective fields
3. Tools and equipment of good quality

Types of tools and equipment

There are three main types of tools/equipment in the shop. One type is
known as hand tools because your hand supplies the energy to operate
them. The other type is called machine or power tools/equipment.
Electricity, compressed air, or hydraulic pressure operates these tools. This
type is referred to as power tools.

HAND TOOLS

They include screwdrivers, hammers, pliers, wrenches and pullers.

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6. Screwdrivers are used to drive, or turn screws. The most common type
has a single flat blade for driving screws with slotted heads.

7. Hammers are the ones you use most in the shop. They should be gripped
on the end of the handle.

8. Pliers are specified types of adjustable wrenches. The two legs move on
a pivot so that items of various sizes can be gripped.

9. Wrenches are used to turn screws and nuts and bolts with hexagonal
heads. “Hexagonal” means six-sided. A variety of wrenches is used in the
shop.

10. Pullers are used to remove gears and hubs from shafts, bushings from
blind holes, and cylinders’ liners from the engine blocks.

Power tools / Equipment

A. Electric tools

1. Electric drill has an electric motor that drives a chuck. The chuck has
jaws that can be opened and then closed to grip a drill kit.

2. Grinding wheels can be either bench-mounted or installed on a

pedestal. It may have a grinding wheel and a view wheel, or two grinding
wheels.

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3. Vacuum cleaner is used for cleaning the floor and also for cleaning car
interiors after service.

B. Pneumatic tools

1. Air chisel uses reciprocating motion to drive a cutting hammering tool.

An air hammer drives a chisel to cut off a nut that has frozen to a stud. It
can be used with a variety of tools-cutters, punches-to do many jobs.

2. Air impact wrenches use a pounding or impact force to loosen or

tighten nuts or bolts.

3. Air drill is lighter than a comparable electric drill. Repeatedly stalling or

overloading does not damage or overheat the air drill.

4. Air racket uses the sockets and attachments from a standard socket set.

5. Pneumatic floor jack uses compressed air to flow into the jack cylinder
and causes the ram to extend and raise the vehicle.

C. Hydraulic tools

1. Car lifts-single or double post are both have pads that must be
positioned under the designated lift points of the car frame.

2. Hydraulic floor jack is used to raise the lifting saddle. A lever on the
handle releases the pressure so that the saddle and load will settle back
down.

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3. Portable crane is used for such jobs as lifting the engine out of the car. It
is operated hydraulically by a hand pump.

4. Hydraulic press is used to apply force on bent parts to straighten them.

It can also do such jobs as press brushing in and out and press out rivets.

Measuring tools

The different kinds of measuring tools that are being used in electrical
workshop otherwise known as “Rule” are:

1. The two foot four folding rule 4. Push pull tape rule
2. The extension rule 5. Slide caliper rule
3. The zigzag rule 6. Marking gauge

1. Zig-Zag rule is available in 4 feet and feet long commonly used by

carpenters for rough lay-out.

2. Push pull Tapeis used to measure longer distances available from one
meter to 50 meters long.

3. Slide Caliper Ruleis a special tool used to measure outside diameter of

cylindrical objects.

4. Marking Gaugeis a tool most appropriate in making lines parallel with

the edges of the wood.

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 Safety practices save lives

Electricity improves life. During power failures, much work and many
routine activities grind to a halt. However, electricity can cause serious injury
and even death if you fail to follow electrical safety practices, particularly in
the workplace.
Electricity is recognized widely as a serious workplace hazard that
exposes employees to electric shock, burns, fires, and explosions. According
to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), 289 employees were killed by contact
with electric current in 2002. Others were killed or injured in fires and
explosions caused by electricity.

Causes of Electrical Accident

Three possible factors as causing electrical accidents: work involving

unsafe equipment and installations; workplaces made unsafe by the
environment; and unsafe work performance (unsafe acts). The first two
factors sometimes are combined and referred to simply as unsafe conditions.
Thus, electrical accidents generally can be considered as being caused by
unsafe conditions, unsafe acts, or, in most cases, combinations of the two. It
should also be noted that inadequate maintenance can cause equipment or
installations originally considered to be safe to deteriorate and create unsafe
conditions.

Some unsafe electric equipment and installations can be identified by

faulty insulation, improper grounding, loose connections, defective parts,
ground faults, unguarded live parts, and underrated equipment. The

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environment can also contribute to electrical accidents. Environments
containing flammable vapors, liquids, or gases; areas having corrosive
atmospheres; and wet and damp locations are some unsafe environments
affecting electrical safety. Finally, unsafe acts include the failure to
deenergized electric equipment when it is being repaired or inspected, using
obviously defective and unsafe tools, and using tools or equipment too close
to energized parts.

Figure 1. Cord- and plug-connected equipment without

a grounded connector

Preparing the Soldering Iron Or Soldering Station For Soldering

1. Place the soldering iron on the stand before plugging it.

2. Wait a few minutes for the soldering iron to attain its operating
temperature of about 4000C.
3. Wipe the tip of the soldering iron on the wet damp sponge
4. Melt a little solder (soldering lead) on the tip of the iron.
5. Wipe again the tip of the soldering iron on the wet damp sponge.

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 Soldering technique

a. Hold the soldering iron like a pen, near the base of the handle.
b. Touch the soldering iron onto the joint to be soldered.
c. Apply a small amount of solder onto the joint.
d. Remove the solder, then the soldering iron, while keeping the joint in still
position.
e. Inspect the joint closely. It should look shiny and with a volcano shape.

Caution in Using Soldering Gun

1 Do not use this type of the soldering instrument with light soldering work.
It might damage the Electronic components and PCB because of its very
high temperature. If the soldering tip fails to achieve its maximum
temperature, tighten the two nuts holding the tip of the soldering gun.
2 Do not use in mass production assembly. It might be overheated.
3 This type of soldering equipment is more convenient where only few
connections are to be made requiring much higher temperature like direct
chassis soldering.

Procedure in Using the Desoldering Tool

Heat the terminals to be resoldered before sucking the melted

soldering lead with the desoldering tool to avoid direct contact of the

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 desoldering tool’s tip with the tip of the soldering iron. Shown below is the
proper way of removing electronic components from the circuit using a
desoldering tool.
Caution In Using A Portable Drill:

High torque requires a lot of force to keep the tool from twisting. Before
using a drill, be sure to tighten the chuck jaw and secure the drill bit properly.
The materials to be bored and the drill bit must be at 90 degrees angle to
achieve efficient boring operation.

Caution in Using Files

1 When using a file, keep a firm grip on its handle at all times.
2 Do not blow filings as they may get into your eyes.
3 Always use a file card in cleaning a file.

Caution in Using a Utility Knife

1 Do not use dull blades because they require more force, thus are more
likely to slip. Replace the blade when it starts to “tear” instead of cut.
2 Never leave a knife unattended with the blade exposed.
3 Don’t bend or apply side loads to blades by using them to open cans or
loosen tight cover of containers. Blades are brittle and can snap easily.

Personal Protection Equipment

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 People have used personal protective equipment (PPE) for centuries to
protect themselves while they work.
Personal protective equipment today, as in the past, makes working safer
and more productive.

WORK PRACTICES
THE WRONG WAY THE RIGHT WAY

Repetitious hand work may  Use hand tools or power tools whenever
cause pain and result in possible.

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permanent injury, limiting  Keep tools close to your body to reduce
your ability to use your fatigue and increase productivity.
hands in any kind of work.

The force and awkward  Avoid manual wire pulling and use a
posture required to pull tugger or a handtool whenever possible
wire by hands is hard and  Communication between the puller and
tiring. feeder to coordinate movements will make
the job easier and safer.
 Use lighter-weight tools.

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 SAFETY TIPS

LIGHTEN YOUR LOAD. Plan what you are going

to do. Carry only the tools or equipment you will
need. Wear a tool belt that fits and distribute the
tools and materials evenly.

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 PROTECT YOURSELF. Wear safety gear that
fits. Protect your knees from hard, sharp
surfaces by wearing knee pads. Wear
appropriate eye protection to protect your eyes
from debris and flying particles. Protect your
hands from friction and sharp edges by wearing
gloves.

SELECT THE RIGHT TOOL. Choose tools that

fit your hand comfortably and have soft grips. A
good handle grip prevents your hand from
slipping while using the tool. Consider using
tools that reduce the amount of force or
movements you use. Keep tools well
maintained.

PRACTICE GOOD HOUSEKEEPING. Pick up

debris and scrap material to prevent trips, slips,
and falls. Good housekeeping allows you and
your equipment to get closer to your work.

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 CHANGE BODY POSITIONS. Working
overhead, at floor level, or in cramped spaces
forces the body into awkward postures. To
relieve muscle tension and improve circulation,
change body positions, alternate tasks, and
stretch throughout the day.

Below Is An Example Of A Situation Showing Unsafe Work Practices

ARC ignites sawdust in service panel

At a wood products manufacturing plant, a three-phase motor was
single-phasing. To find out why, an electrician was testing the incoming
voltage to the electrical components inside a 600-volt 600-amp main service
panel. A planer man was assisting by holding the multi meter, which was
rated at 600 volts and was not qualified personnel. There was a flashover
across the circuit board inside the multi meter. The arc ignited sawdust in the
service panel. A sudden fireball caused burns to both workers.

Safe work practices

 Use a good-quality multi meter with external fused leads when

measuring voltage on energized electrical equipment. Fuses and
thermal resistors inside older multi meters cannot react quickly enough
to protect against sudden spikes in voltage.

 Expect line voltages to be 20 percent higher than rated when build-out

capacitors are connected to the electric circuit. The investigation found

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 that build-out capacitors may have caused higher than rated voltages at
the motor input terminals.

 Use a multi meter rated at least 25 percent higher than the expected
voltage when testing energized electrical equipment. This allows for
spikes in voltage.

 Use electrical testing equipment that is CSA-certified or that meets

other specific safety requirements.

SELF – CHECK 5.2-1

Directions: Write only the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
4. When using a grinding wheel:
a. always wear safety goggles
b. never adjust the tool rest when the grinder is running
c. never touch the wheel when it is rotating
d. used apron

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5. Technician A says it is all right to perform activity without permission from
the teacher because he knows the procedure. Technician B says you
should seek permission from the teacher before performing any activity.
Who is right?
a. Electrician A
b. Electrician B
c. neither A or B
d. both A and B
6. The two basic types of tools used in the shop are:
a. power tools and machine tools
b. hand tools and power tools
c. screwdrivers and wrenches
d. hand tools and cutting tools
7. To tighten wood screw accurately, use:
a. tension wrench
b. screw driver
c. hammer
d. mallet

8. The simplest wrench used is the:

a. open-end wrench
b. box wrench
c. socket
d. adjustable wrench
9. The hammer used most often in the electrical shop is the:
a. claw hammer
b. plastic-tipped hammer

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 c. brass hammer
d. rawhide hammer
10. American Wire Gauge:
a. measure thickness of wire,
b. has a pair of blades.
c. is marked in inches and fractions of an inch
d. has a blade of two thickness
11. A thickness-gauge which is often called:
a. wire stripper
b. double-thickness gauge
c. go-no-go gauge
d. micrometer gauge
15. It is used to measure longer distances available from one meter to 50
meters long.
a. zig-zag rule
b. push pull tape rule
c. marking gauge
d. slide caliper rule

ANSWER KEY TO SELF – CHECK 5.2-1

1. B
2. D
3. C
4. A
5. B
6. B
7. B

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 8. D
9. A
10. A
11. D
12. C
13. A
14. C
15. A

INFORMATION SHEET 5.2-2

Identification of Non-Functional Tools and Equipment

Learning objectives:
After reading this information sheet the trainee is able to identify non-
functional tools and equipment.

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I. Method of identifying non-functional tools and equipment

1. Visual inspection – it refers to the visual observation of an expert on the

appearance.
2. Functionality – vibration or extra noise from the operation means
problems on parts and accessories started to develop.
3. Performance- something wrong with the performance whether hand
tools or equipment, needs an immediate repair or maintenance.
4. Power supply (for electrically operated only) – failure to meet the
required power supply, will cause malfunction in the part of hand tools or
equipment.
5. Person’s involved – it refers to the technical person who has the
knowledge and skills about the technology.
II. Segregation of tools and equipment according to uses:
1. Measuring tools
2. Holding tools
3. Cutting tools
4. Driving tools
5. Boring tools
6. Electrical equipment
7. Miscellaneous tools/instrument/equipment
III. Perform the segregation of non functional or defective hand tool
and equipment, following the given method previously.

IV. Safety Practices:

1. Always check the tools / instrument and

equipment before using.

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 2. Use the appropriate materials, tools, instrument and equipment as
per job or task requirement.

3. Wait for the final instruction before

doing the job or task.

4. Report to the person on authority

whatever untoward incident may
happen.

Self check 5.2-2

Enumerate at least five (5) methods of identifying non-functional tools

and equipment.

1.
2.
3.

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 4.
5.

ANSWER KEY OF SELF CHECK 5.1-2

Enumerate at least five (5) methods of identifying non-functional tools

and equipment.

1. visual inspection
2. functionality
3. performance

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 4. power supply
5. person’s involved

Information Sheet 5.2-3

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
After reading this information sheet the trainee is able to identify PPE
and its proper use.

GOGGLES -use to protect eyes.

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 HARD HAT -use to protect head from falling objects.
GLOVES -use to protect hands from scratches.
EAR MUFFS -use to protect ears from loud noise.
OVER ALL -a suit use to protect body.
SAFETY SHOES -it is use to protect feet and it serves as insulator.
RESPIRATOR -mask use to protect nose from odorless chemicals.

1. Always wear personal protective equipment like gloves, goggles, hard hat
etc., at all times.

SELF CHECK 5.2-3

Enumerate at least five (5) personal protective equipment (PPE)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

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 ANSWER KEY OF SELF CHECK 5.2-3

Enumerate at least five (5) personal protective equipment (PPE)

1. safety shoes
2. goggles
3. gloves
4. overalls
5. hard hat

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 INFORMATION SHEET 5.3-1
USED APPROPRIATE HAND TOOLS

SELECT THE RIGHT TOOL. Choose tools that fit your hand comfortably and
have soft grips. A good handle grip prevents your hand from slipping while
using the tool. Consider using tools that reduce the amount of force or
movements you use.

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PROPER USE OF PLIERS

Pliers of various types are used by practically every tool user, both
amateur and professional. There are many types and sizes; each designed
for specific uses, although their versatility makes some pliers adaptable for
many jobs. Choose the right pliers for the job.

Basic Safety Rules Which Apply to the Use of Pliers.

o Pliers should not be used for cutting hardened wire unless
specifically manufactured for this purpose.
o Never expose pliers to excessive heat. This may draw the temper
and ruin the tool.
o Always cut at the right angles. Never rock from side to side or bend
the wire back and forth against the cutting edges.

o Don't bend stiff wire with light pliers. Needle nose pliers can be
damaged by using the tips to bend too large a wire. Use a sturdier tool.
o Never use pliers as a hammer nor hammer on the handles. They
may crack or break, or edges may be nicked by such abuse.

Pliers are not made

for hammering
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o Never extend the length of handles to secure greater leverage. Use
a larger pair of pliers or a bolt cutter.
o Pliers should not be used on nuts or bolts. A wrench will do the job
better and with less risk of damage to the fastener.
o Oil pliers occasionally. A drop of oil at the hinge will lengthen tool life
and assure easy operation.
o Safety glasses or goggles should be worn when cutting wire, etc. to
protect eyes.

WARNING. The cushion grips on handles are provided primarily for

comfort. Unless specifically specified as Insulated handles they
are Not intended to give any degree of protection against electric shock
and should Not be used on live electric circuits.

LINEMEN'S SIDE CUTTING PLIERS

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Description. Two head patterns are available: Standard, also known as
bevel nose, and New England, also known as round nose, which is more
streamlined. Handles may be plain, slip-on molded plastic, plastic dipped or
high dielectric. High leverage patterns are also available, as are pliers
incorporating sleeve twisters and threaded bolt-holding openings. Sizes
range from 61/4 to 91/4 inches in length.

Proper Uses. These are heavy-duty tools designed for the professional
engaged in electrical, communications and construction work.

Abuse/Misuse. Never expose pliers to excessive heat. Don't rock pliers from
side to side when cutting wire. Always cut at right angles. Never use pliers
as a hammer, or drop on hard or paved surfaces.

Don't drop pliers

on hard or paved
surfaces.

IRON WORKER'S PLIERS

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Description. These pliers are very similar to Linemen's pliers except that
they have a hook bend on one handle and may have a coil spring to hold the
jaws open. Sizes range from 7 to 9 inches in length. Available in standard and
high leverage patterns.

Proper Uses. These wire cutting pliers are designed for tying concrete
reinforcing bars and form work involving puling, twisting and cutting wire.

Abuse/Misuse. Never expose pliers to excessive heat. Don't rock pliers

from side to side when cutting wire. Always cut at right angles. Never use
pliers as a hammer or drop on hard or paved surfaces.

LONG NOSE PLIERS

Description. This type of pliers embraces three nose configurations; needle,

round and chain. They are available with and without side cutters and with
cutters notched for stripping insulated wire. Small and miniature sizes are
designed for electronic work. Handles may be plain, slip-on plastic, or
dipped. Certain patterns are made in both straight and curved nose design.
Sizes range from 4 to 8 inches in length.

Proper Uses. Most Long Nose Pliers are designed for electrical, telephone
and electronic work involving smaller wire gauges. They will reach into

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awkward places and perform work difficult with any other tool. Their
usefulness, however, is not limited to wire work.

Abuse/Misuse. Never expose these pliers to excessive heat. Don't bend

stiff wire with the plier tip. Never rock side to side when cutting. Cut at right
angle to the wire. Never pry with the plier nose.

Don't bend
stiff wire with
the pliers tip.

When to Repair or Replace. Attempts to repair Linemen's side cutting,

Long Nose and Ironworker's pliers are not recommended. Discard any plier
which is cracked, broken, sprung, or has nicked cutting edges. Dull cutting
edges may be touched up with a small, medium grade honing stone.
Serrations inside of nose may be cleared of foreign materials by brushing
with a file card or stiff wire brush.

DIAGONAL CUTTING PLIERS

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Description. Diagonal Cutters are made in several patterns ranging from
the high leverage, heavy-duty pattern down to the midget pattern for
electrical work. They are available with and without a top bevel on the
cutting edges for flush cutting. Some have wire skinning holes-some have
coil springs to open the jaws. Handles may be plastic dipped, slip-on molded
plastic, or plain. Sizes range from 4 to 8 inches in length.

Proper Uses. Diagonal Cutting pliers are designed for electrical, electronic,
telephone, general and automotive work. Flush cutting edge pliers should be
used only for cutting small soft wires used in electronic wire. It is
recommended that the standard cutting edge pliers be used for all general
cutting requirements except hard wire.

Heavy diagonals
are fine for cutting
the spread ends of
cotter pins.

Abuse/Misuse. Never expose pliers to excessive heat. Don't rock pliers from
side to side when cutting wire. Always cut at right angles. Never use pliers as
a hammer, or drop on hard or paved surfaces.

When to Repair or Replace. Attempts to repair these pliers are not

recommended. Discard any plier which is cracked, broken, sprung, or has

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nicked cutting edges. Dull cutting edges may be touched up with a small,
medium grade honing stone.

FLAT NOSE PLIERS

Description. Often referred to as "Duck Bill," these pliers have a flat nose in
various widths. Available with plain or plastic dipped handles in sizes from
41/2 to 8 inches in length.

Proper Uses. Flat Nose pliers have diverse uses in the electrical, telephone,
electronic and other fields. They are extensively used in typewriter repair
and assembly work and in textile weaving and knitting operations.

Abuse/Misuse. Never expose these pliers to excessive heat. Do not use as a

hammer or as a pry.

Don't use flat

nose pliers to
pry or twist.

When to Repair or Replace. Attempts to repair these pliers are not

recommended. Discard any pliers that is cracked, broken or sprung.

END CUTTING PLIERS

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Description. End cutting pliers or nippers range in size from the heavy-duty,
high leverage pattern down to the traverse end cutter designed for precision
electronic work. Many are available with plain or plastic dipped handles.
Sizes range from 4-1/2 to 8 inches in length.

Proper Uses. End Cutting pliers are designed for cutting soft wire, nails,
rivets, etc. close to work.
End cutters are
ideal for cutting
tie wires close to
the concrete wall.

Abuse/Misuse. Never expose these pliers to excessive heat. Never use as a

hammer.

When to Repair or Replace. Attempts to repair these pliers are not

recommended. Discard any plier which is cracked, broken, sprung, or has
nicked cutting edges. Dull cutting edges may be touched up with a small,
medium honing stone.

SLIP JOINT PLIERS

Description. These widely used pliers are available in several patterns;

standard, thin nose, bent nose and heavy-duty. Their slip joint capability
increases the capacity range. Available with or without wire cutters in sizes

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from 5 to 10 inches in length. Also available with plastic dipped grips or slip-
on plastic grips.

Proper Uses. These versatile tools are designed for a wide range of service
involving gripping, turning and bending.

Abuse/Misuse. Never expose these pliers to excessive heat. Never use as a

hammer. Never place a piece of pipe on plier to achieve more strength.

When to Repair or Replace. Attempts to repair these pliers are not

recommended. Discard any plier that is cracked, broken or sprung.

TONGUE AND GROOVE PLIERS

Description. These wide-range capacity pliers are made with a tongue and
groove adjustment design. Jaw capacities up to 4-1/4 inches are available.

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Jaws may be smooth, straight, or curved toothed. Sizes range from 4-1/2 to
16 inches in length.

Proper Uses. These pliers are widely used by plumbers, electricians, auto
mechanics and professionals in the construction and industrial fields. They
will grip round, square, flat and hexagonal objects and are capable of
applying limited torque without damage to the work.

Plumbers, technicians and

maintenance workers have
many jobs where tongue and
groove pliers are invaluable.

Abuse/Misuse. Never expose these pliers to excessive heat. Never use as

a hammer.

When to Repair or Replace. Attempts to repair these pliers are not

recommended. Discard any plier that is cracked, broken or sprung.

LOCKING PLIER-WRENCHES AND CLAMPS

Description. Locking plier-wrenches are available in a variety of sizes with

straight or curved jaws. Compound leverage systems lock jaws and hold
various shapes and sizes or work.

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Proper Uses. These wrenches are combination tools which function as
pliers, wrenches, portable vises or clamps. They are not intended to replace
open-end or box wrenches because of possible damage to the fitting or
fastener.

Abuse/Misuse. Do not hammer to tighten jaws or to cut wire or bolts. Do

not expose wrenches or clamps to heat from welding torches or to contact
with welding electrodes. When subjected to severe vibration such as
encountered during riveting, locking wrenches or clamps holding the work
pieces should be wired or taped closed to prevent accidental opening. Do not
use pipe, other extensions, or hammering to increase torque applied to these
tools. They should never be used as steps or ladders to support personnel.

When to Repair or Replace. Avoid excessive wear on working parts by

frequent lubrication. Attempts to repair these tools are not recommended.
Discard any damaged tool.

DO'S AND DON'T'S IN USING PLIERS

1. Wear protective gloves and safety goggles when using pliers.
2. Wear safety shoes.
3. Keep cutting tools in good repair; lubricate moving parts only.
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4. Don't attempt to use a cutting tool until its proper and safe uses are fully
understood.
5. Remember that metal flies when cut. The harder the metal, the farther it
will fly. One way to prevent injury from flying metal is to wrap a burlap
bag, wiping cloth or rag around the cutting jaws so metal pieces cannot
fly.
6. Don't cut diagonally.
7. Remember that the hardness of the stock being cut is as important as its
size.
8. Use all tools as recommended:
9. Do not exceed rated capacity of tool as shown on jaws.
10. Do not pry or twist with tool when cutting. Keep material being cut at
right angles to the cutting edges of jaws.
11. Improper cutting may contribute to personal injury or damage to tool.

SCREWDRIVERS

INTRODUCTION

The screwdriver is probably the most abused tool. Screwdrivers are

available in a wide variety of shapes, sizes, and materials. But, they are all
intended for one simple use: driving and withdrawing threaded fasteners
such as wood screws, machine screws, and self-tapping screws.
Unfortunately, the screwdriver is misused for prying, chiseling, scraping,
scoring – and only sometimes for its intended use of driving screws!

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 However, the most common abuse is using a screwdriver that doesn't
match or fit the screw.. Use the right screwdriver and you won't chew up the
screw head, damage the screwdriver or bark your knuckles.
The abuse of a screwdriver – and the screw – is most often due to the fact
that the electrician simply does not have a proper assortment of
screwdrivers on hand.
A screwdriver should never be used as a pry bar. If it is over-stressed
in this manner, the blade might break and send a particle of steel into the
operator's arm or perhaps even into his eye.
Bear these points in mind when using a screwdriver; always match the size
of the screwdriver to the job and always match the type of screwdriver to the
head of the screw.

Typical Screwdrivers

 Stubby screwdriver for working in close quarters

 Screwdriver with a square shank to which a wrench can be applied to
remove stubborn screws.
 Screwdriver for Phillips screws.
 Cabinet screwdriver has a thin shank to reach and drive screws in deep,
counter bored holes.

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 After all, you wouldn't want to drive a large No. 12 screw with a small
3/32-or 3/16-inch screwdriver and neither would you drive a Phillips screw or
other recessed screw with a conventional screwdriver.
Be careful not to confuse a Phillips screwdriver with other "cross point"
screwdrivers. They are not interchangeable.

BASIC SAFETY RULES THAT APPLY TO THE USE OF A SCREWDRIVER

o Make sure that the tip fits the slot of the screw; not too loose and
not too tight. (See figure 2)
o Do not use a screwdriver as a cold chisel or punch.
o Do not use a screwdriver near live wires (or any other tool, for that
matter).
o Do not expose a screwdriver to excessive heat.
o Redress a worn tip with a file in order to regain a good straight
edge.
o Discard a screwdriver that has a worn or broken handle.
o A screwdriver should never be used as a pry bar. If it is over-
stressed in this manner, the blade might break and send a particle of
steel into the operator's arm or perhaps even into his eye.

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 FIG.2

1 This tip is too narrow for the screw slot; it will bend or break under
pressure.
2 A rounded or worn tip. Such a tip will ride out of the slot as pressure
is applied.
3 This tip is too thick. It will only serve to chew up the slot of the
screw.
4 A chisel ground tip will also ride out of the screw slot. Best to discard
it.
5 This tip fits, but it is too wide and will tear the wood as the screw is
driven home.
6 The right tip. This tip is a snug fit in the slot and does not project
beyond the screw head.

DRIVING THE SCREW

Always make a pilot hole before driving a screw. This is especially

important when driving a screw into hardwood or when the screw is near the
edge of a board. Pilot holes can be made in softwood, and in some
hardwoods, with an awl – if the screws to be used are small. However, if you
are driving No. 6 and larger screws it is best to drill a pilot hole or use a

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threaded screw hole starter. Pilot holes should always be made if the screws
are to be driven into dense hardwoods.
If the screw is a flathead, the pilot hole should also be countersunk so the
head of the screw will be flush with the work when it is driven home.

THE RIGHT WAY TO DRIVE A SCREW

o Insert the tip of the screw in the pilot hole. Insert the screwdriver tip
in the slot of the screw. Hold the tip steady with one hand and make
sure the shank of the screwdriver is perpendicular to the head of the
screw and in line with the shank of the screw.
o Use the left hand (if you are right-handed) to keep the blade steady
as you turn the handle of the screwdriver.
o After the screw is almost in, it is safe to use both hands as shown for
extra turning power to seat the screw. Note the position of the left hand
(if you are right-handed). This will allow additional downward pressure
to be applied, thus making certain that the driver tip is firmly seated in
the screw slot. If the screw is a flathead, make sure that the pilot hole
has a countersunk recess at top and screwdriver tip is narrow enough to
avoid touching wood.

Fig 4 The right way to drive the screw

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 The job of driving the screw can be eased considerably if the threads
are given an application of wax – this is preferable to soap, as soap has a
tendency to rust the screw threads making possible future withdrawal
difficult.

Unless you have drilled or made some sort of a pilot hole, a screw will
tend to follow the grain of the wood. So, having drilled or made a pilot hole,
hold the screw as indicated in Fig. 4 with the screwdriver tip firmly engaged
in the slot. Turn the screwdriver gently to engage the first one or two threads
of the screw and make sure that the screw is being driven straight.

After the screw has been started, and you know it will be driven
straight, remove your fingers from the screw and apply your talents and
attention to the screwdriver. The screw should now be absolutely
perpendicular to the surface of the work (unless the screw is to be driven at
an angle) with the screwdriver held in line with the screw.

It is much easier to drive a screw straight if the handle of the

screwdriver is large enough to maintain the necessary torque for the size of
the screw to be used.

A good quality blade, properly hardened, is a must especially when

driving large diameter screws into tough woods.

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 CLEARANCE HOLES

Sometimes a clearance hole, in addition to a pilot hole should be

drilled in order to do a workmanlike job. For example, when fastening a metal
bracket to wood or when screwing two pieces of wood together, a clearance
hole equal to the diameter of the screw body or shank is necessary.
Without the clearance hole, the body or the threads of the screw will
hang up on the metal, or the leading piece of wood, preventing them from
being drawn together tightly.

Screws are available in many lengths. However, the number by which a

screw is designated, such as No. 10, always refers to its shank diameter. This
drawing shows actual size screws and their corresponding number. See Fig 5

Figure 5

A clearance hole is necessary when screwing two pieces of wood

together. See figure 6

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 SCREWDRIVERS FOR SLOTTED STYLE SCREWS

Now that we have learned a little bit of how to use a screwdriver, let's
consider the various kinds of screwdrivers that are available and the right
and wrong way to use – and abuse – these screwdrivers.
The so-called standard or conventional screwdriver is used for screws
with slotted heads.

COMMON SLOTTED HEAD SCREWS

These screwdrivers are usually classified according to tip width and

blade length. Generally, the longer the length, the wider the tip – but not
always as some rather long screwdrivers may have a narrow tip.
Cabinet style screwdrivers, which have long shanks and narrow tips,
are useful for driving screws into recessed and counterbored openings in fine
furniture and, obviously, cabinets. On the other hand there are short, stubby
screwdrivers with rather wide tips for driving screws in confined quarters.

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 Don't use a screwdriver whose tip extends beyond the length of the
slot in the screw. Too wide a tip will chew up the wood as the screw is being
driven home. See FIG. 8.

FIG. 8

The great assortment of screwdrivers available today means that you

can buy a screwdriver in practically any length and in any tip size desired.

Most screwdriver tips are tapered. The tip thickness determines the
size of the screw that the screwdriver will drive without damaging the screw
slot. The taper permits the screwdriver to drive more than one size of screw.

Drill plot and clearance holes when driving screws that are near the edge of
a board. A little wax on the threads will ease the job. See FIG. 9.

FIG. 9

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 Heavy duty screwdrivers are available with square shanks so that a
wrench can be used on the shank for extra turning power. Never use pliers
on a screwdriver shank when the going gets tough. You will only wind up by
chewing up the shank. What to do in such a case? Use the largest possible
screwdriver that will fit the slot of the screw.

As a rule, the bigger the screwdriver, the larger the diameter of the
handle, and the larger the diameter of the handle, the greater the torque, or
turning power. If absolutely necessary, use a wrench on the shank to apply
the extra power (torque) needed. But, use a wrench only on a screwdriver
with a square shank especially designed for that purpose.

Always split the wood if you drive a screw too close to the end of
the work without first drilling a pilot and clearance hole. See FIG. 10.

RATCHET SCREWDRIVERS

One type of rapid-action screwdriver is the spiral ratchet screwdriver.

This screwdriver has a spring loaded mechanism in the handle. Pushing down
on the handle causes the bit of the screwdriver to turn rapidly, thus driving
the screw in a shorter time than could be accomplished with the use of a

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conventional screwdriver. Letting up on the handle allows the operator to
continue the action.
These screwdrivers come in several styles. Some have the mechanism
as part of the handle; others have it as part of the shank. In either case a
small lever is set so that even though the operator moves the handle back
and forth – or up and down – the bit of the screwdriver moves in only one
direction, to drive the screw. The lever can also be set so that the ratchet
action removes the screw. And it also can be set so that the screwdriver can
be used as a conventional screwdriver, with no ratchet action.
FIG. 2.Two types of ratchet screwdrivers. The one at the top has the
ratchet mechanism in the handle. The lower screwdriver has the ratchet in
the handle and operates with a spiral action.

Fig 2
When using any spiral ratchet screwdriver, it is best to push down
firmly and slowly – until the screw is properly started – otherwise you may
find that the bit has slipped out of the slot. These screwdrivers should be
stored only in the extended position to prevent the possibility of a sudden,
unexpected release by someone unfamiliar with the tool.

Large screws in tough wood can be easily driven by using special bits that
fit into a carpenter's brace. Because tremendous turning power is generated
by the brace, make sure you have a proper pilot hole, as it is quite easy to
shear off the head or even twist the screw in half if too much pressure is

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applied to a balky screw. Needless to say, it is always best to drill a pilot hole
when driving large screws with a carpenter's brace. FIG. 12. shows Special
screwdriver bit that can be chucked into carpenter's brace.

Fig 12

Don’t use pliers on the shank of a screwdriver in order to remove a

stubborn screw. See FIG. 13, it is hazardous.

FIG. 13

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 Never, never ever use a screwdriver as a cold chisel. Just look what
Hazardous has done to the tip of a perfectly good screwdriver. In addition, he
is not even wearing safety goggles. FIG.14.

FIG.14

SCREWDRIVERS FOR SCREWS WITH RECESSED OPENINGS

The most common screw with a recessed "slot" is the Phillips screw.
These screws have what appear to be two slots at right angles to each other.
But, a conventional screwdriver should never be used to drive a Phillips
screw – or any other type of screw with a specialized opening. Fig.4. shows
the screwdrivers especially designed to drive for different fasteners.

RECESSED SCREWS AND SCREWDRIVERS

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 SPECIALTY SCREWDRIVERS

In addition to the types of screws and screwdrivers described so far, there

are many screwdrivers whose use is quite specialized. Let us look at some.

Jeweler's Screwdrivers. These are distinguished by a rotating head which

is held by the forefinger to steady the screwdriver while the thumb and
middle finger turn the screwdriver to remove or install the small screws used
by the jewelers, model railroad fans, and persons who work with tiny parts
and screws. FIG. 17. Shows the Jeweler's screwdriver.

FIG 17

Offset Screwdrivers. These screwdrivers are designed for removing and

inserting screws in place where it is impossible to use a straight shank
screwdriver. They are available in many combinations; narrow tip on one side

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and a wide tip on the other side; Phillips tip on one side and a conventional
tip on the other side; with two Phillips tips (one large and one small); with
same size tips at each end, but one tip is at right angles to the handle while
the other tip is parallel to the handle (this arrangement makes the
screwdriver extremely handy when turning area is limited). FIG. 19. shows
Offset screwdrivers. FIG 7. Shows a ratchet-type offset screwdriver for
working in tight spots; it is reversible.

Screw-holding screwdriver is a must for working in close quarters as

shown. The type shown at the left uses clips to hold the screw. The one at
the right has a sliding collar that spreads the split blade of the screwdriver to
hold the screw. After the screw has been firmly started, further driving can be
done with a conventional screwdriver. Fig 8 show two types of screw holding

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Magnetic Tips Screwdriver
 Fig 8

Interchangeable Magnetic Tip Screwdrivers. These screwdrivers have a

magnet in the shaft so that they not only hold the bit but can also hold the
screw. In addition, the variety of bits for this type of screwdriver is limitless
and the unused bits can be stored in the handy compartmented handle.

Interchangeable Blade Screwdrivers. The hollow handle of this type of

screwdriver will accept a number of different type blades. Sometimes the
blades are double-ended with a narrow tip on one end and a wider tip on the
other end. Combinations of Phillips, conventional, Clutch Head, Scrulox, and
hex head are available. Two types of screwdrivers that use interchangeable
bits are shown in FIG. 23. The one at the top has a hollow handle that will
accept any one of the four bits shown. The screwdriver at the bottom has
two double-ended bits held in each end of a tube. The tube is reversible in
the handle and the bits are reversible in the tube

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Interchangeable blade
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Insulated Screwdrivers. These are used by electricians and maintenance
workers. As their name implies, the shank as well as the handle are
completely insulated with a dielectric material intended only as a secondary
protection. Never depend on an insulated screwdriver handle, shank cover,
or blade to insulate you from electricity. Insulated blades are intended only
as a protective measure against shorting out components.
Handle and shank are covered with an insulated material that is
intended only for secondary protection. Turn off current when doing this kind
of work. See FIG. 22.

FIG. 24.

FIG. 22

Non-sparking Screwdriver. Found chiefly on yachts and boats, these

screwdrivers are made out of an alloy – usually beryllium copper – that will
The picture shows a wrong way of using an
not emit a spark if accidentally struck against metal. They minimize the risk
of explosion when used under hazardous conditions, such as when working in
the hold of a ship that may be filled with gasoline fumes.

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The Awl. A handy accessory to a screwdriver set is an awl. With it, you can
make a starting hole in soft wood for a screw. Force the awl into the wood
with a twisting motion. The hole need not be as deep as the length of the
screw. With large screws – and especially when working with hard wood – it is
always advisable to first drill a pilot hole before attempting to drive the
screw.

FIG 25. FIG 26.

An awl can This device drills a

be used to pilot hole, a
make a clearance hole,
starting hole and countersunk
for small recess for flathead
screws in screws all in one
soft wood. operation.
AWL

DO'S AND DON'T WHEN USING SCREWDRIVERS

o Don't hold the work in one hand while using the screwdriver with the
other. If the screwdriver slips out of the slot (we told you to use the right
size screwdriver!) you will be most likely to receive a gash on your
hand.
o Don't use a screwdriver with rounded edges or tips; it will slip and
cause damage to the work or yourself.
o A rounded tip should be redressed with a file; make sure the edges
are straight.
o Don't use a screwdriver near a live wire or for electrical testing.
o Don't use a screwdriver to check a storage battery or to determine if
an electrical circuit is live.

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o Don't use a screwdriver for prying, punching, chiseling, scoring, or
scraping.
o Use a screw-holding screwdriver to get screws started in awkward,
hard-to-reach areas.
o Use an offset screwdriver in close quarters where a conventional
screwdriver cannot be used.
o Use a ratchet-type screwdriver for speed and comfort when a great
number of screws are to be driven.
o Don't use pliers on the handle of a screwdriver to get extra turning
power. A wrench should only be used on the square shank or bolster of
a screwdriver that is especially designed for that purpose.
o Don't expose a screwdriver blade to excessive heat as it may reduce
the hardness of the blade.
o Don't use a screwdriver for stirring paint.
o Don't use a screwdriver with a split or broken handle.
o Screwdrivers used in the shop are best stored in a rack. This way,
the proper selection of the right screwdriver can be quickly made.
o Keep the screwdriver handle clean; a greasy handle is apt to cause
an accident.
o A screwdriver should never be used as a pry bar. If it is over-stressed
in this manner, the blade might break and send a particle of steel into
the operator's arm or perhaps even towards his eye.

SELF – CHECK 5.2-1A

A. Match the statement at the right with the closest answers at the left.
Write only the letter of your answer.

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Column A Column B
_____ 1. _______ Pliers are designed for A. Long nose
electrical, telephone and electronic work B. Tongue and groove
involving smaller wire gauges. They will C. Screwdriver
reach into awkward places and perform work D. Awl
difficult with any other tool. E. Flat
_____ 2. _____ are ideal for cutting tie wires F. Worn
close to the concrete wall. G. Lineman’ plier
_____ 3. ____pliers are widely used by plumbers, H. Plier
electricians, auto mechanics and professionals I. Offset
in the construction and industrial fields. They J. Cold chisel
will grip round, square, flat and hexagonal K. End cutters
objects and are capable of applying limited
torque without damage to the work.
_____ 4. ______are intended for one simple use:
driving and withdrawing threaded fasteners
such as wood screws, machine screws, and self-
tapping screws.
_____ 5. By using an____, you can make a
starting hole in soft wood for a screw.
_____ 6. Use an______ screwdriver in close
quarters where a conventional screwdriver
cannot be used.

SELF-CHECK 5.3-1B
I. Directions:
Write T if the statement is correct and F if it is wrong.

_____ 1. All tools can be used as hammer.

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_____ 2. Chisel is an example of boring tools.
_____ 3. Light tools and equipment should be placed at the lowest part of the
cabinet shelf.
_____ 4. Tooth cutting tools should be sharpened as often as necessary.
_____ 5. Tools and equipment must be stored according to their kind.

ANSWER KEY TO SELF – CHECK 5.2-1A

B. Match the statement at the right with the closest answers at the left.
Write only the letter of your answer.
Column A Column B
__A___ 1. ________ Pliers are designed for L. Long nose
electrical, telephone and electronic work involving M. Tongue and
smaller wire gauges. They will reach into awkward groove
places and perform work difficult with any other N. Screwdriver

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tool. O. Awl
___L__ 2. _____ are ideal for cutting tie wires P. Flat
close to the concrete wall. Q. Worn
__N___ 3. ____pliers are widely used by plumbers, R. Lineman’ plier
electricians, auto mechanics and professionals in the S. Plier
construction and industrial fields. They will grip T. Oil
round, square, flat and hexagonal objects and are U. Offset
capable of applying limited torque without damage V. Cold chisel
to the work. W. End cutters
__C___ 4. ______are intended for one simple use:
driving and withdrawing threaded fasteners such as
wood screws, machine screws, and self-tapping
screws.
___D__ 5. By using an____, you can make a starting
hole in soft wood for a screw.
___J__ 6. Use an______ screwdriver in close
quarters where a conventional screwdriver cannot
be used.

Answer key of self check 5.3-1B

1. F
2. T
3. F
4. T

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 5. F
ASSESSMENT PLAN

Qualification: Electronic Product Assembly and Servicing NC

II
Unit of Use Hand Tools
Competency:
Module Title: Using Hand Tools

Assessment Methods

Questioning*Oral
Demonstration

Work Sample
Written Test*
Observation
Assessment Criteria

LO 1. Check condition of tools and equipment

1. Materials, tools and equipment are identified
according to classification and job √
requirements.
2. Non-functional tools and equipment are
segregated and labeled according to √ √
classification.
3. Safety of tools and equipment are observed in
√ √ √
accordance with manufacturer instructions.
LO 2. Perform basic preventive and
corrective maintenance
1 Appropriate lubricants are identified according
√ √ √
to type of equipment
2 Tools and equipment are lubricated according
to preventive maintenance schedule or √ √
manufacturer’s specification.
3 Measuring instruments are calibrated in √ √

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 accordance with manufacturer’s instruction.
4 Tools are cleaned and lubricated according to
√ √
standard procedures.
5 Defective instrument, equipment and
accessories are inspected and replaced √ √ √
according to manufacturer’s specification.
6 Tools are inspected, repaired and replaced after
√ √
use.
7 Work place is cleaned and kept in safe state in
√ √
line with OHS regulation.
LO 3. Store tools and equipment
1. Inventory of tools, instrument and
equipment are conducted and recorded as per √
shop practices.
2. Tools and equipment are stored in safe
and appropriate location in accordance with
√
manufacturer’s specifications or company
procedures.
3. Workplace is cleaned and kept in safe
√
state in line with OHS regulations.

Demonstration Checklist
Student name:
Teacher name:
Name of School
Module Title Use hand tools
Unit of Using Hand tools
competency:
Instructions for the teacher:
1. Observe the student [insert description of activity being observed].
2. Describe the assessment activity and the date on which it was
undertaken.

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3. Place a tick in the box to show that the student completed each aspect
of the activity to the standard expected in the enterprise.
4. Complete the feedback sections of the form.
Date of observation
Description of assessment
activity
Location of assessment activity
The student…. If yes, tick the
box
 can classify tools from functional to non-functional.
 Can fill-up periodic maintenance form.
 Can perform preventive maintenance to electrical
tools and equipment.
 Can perform inventory of tools and equipment.
 Can perform safe keeping and storage of tools.
Did the student’s overall performance meet the standard? Yes No

Feedback to student:
Teacher signature: Date:
Student’s Signature: Date:

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 Observation and Questioning Checklist

Student name:
Teacher name:
Name of School
Module Title Maintain Tools and Equipment
Unit of Maintaining Tools Equipment
competency:
Instructions for the teacher:
6. Observe the student [insert description of activity being observed].
7. Describe the assessment activity and the date on which it was
undertaken.
8. Place a tick in the box to show that the student completed each aspect
of the activity to the standard expected in the enterprise.
9. Ask the student a selection of the questions from the attached list to
confirm his/her underpinning knowledge
10. Place a tick in the box to show that the student answered the
questions correctly.
11. Complete the feedback sections of the form.
Date of observation
Description of assessment activity
Location of assessment activity
The student…. If yes, tick the box
 What is the importance of checking the
conditions of tools periodically?
 How can you apply tool maintenance?
 What is the purpose of inventory?
 How can you apply Five S in storing your tools?
 What are the different lubricating materials and
give their unique purposes?
Did the student’s overall performance meet the Yes No
standard?
Teacher’s Signature: Date:

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Student’s Signature : Date:

LEARNING OUTCOME 4
MAINTAIN HAND TOOLS

CONTENTS:
 Maintenance of hand tools

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  Storage of hand tools
 Standard Operating procedures, principles, and techniques in
maintaining hand tools

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Tools used according to tasks undertaken
2. Routine maintenance of tools undertaken according to standard
operational procedures, principles and techniques
3. Tools stored safely in appropriate locations in accordance with
manufacturers specifications or standard operating procedures

CONDITION:
Students/trainees must be provided with the following:
 Hand tools for adjusting, dismantling, assembling, finishing, cutting,
screwdrivers, pliers, punches
 Wrenches
 Files

METHODOLOGIES:
 Lecture-demonstration
 Self-paced instruction
 Group discussion
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
 Hands-on
 Direct observation
 Practical demonstration

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 LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ACTIVITIES

Learning Outcome 4: Maintain hand tools

Learning Activities Special Instructions
5. Read the attached Information After reading this information sheet,
Sheet 5.4-1 Maintaining Hand you must be able to answer self-
Tools check 5.4-1 and refer your answer to
the answer sheet.

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6. Read the attached Information After reading this information sheet,
Sheet 5.4-2 Inventory of Tools you must be able to Perform Job
and Equipment sheet 5-4_2 and refer you
performance to the performance
checklist.
7. Read the attached Information After reading this information sheet,
Sheet 5.4-3 Proper tool storage you must be able to answer self-
check 5.4-3 and refer your answer to
the answer sheet.

INFORMATION SHEET 5.4-1

MAINTAIN HAND TOOLS

Soldering iron care

1. Always clean the tip before and after using.
2. Do not wash the tip just to speed up its cooling process after using it. It
might damage the heating element and corrode the tip.
3. Clean and tin the tip of the soldering iron before use.

Caring of Pliers

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1. Always keep pliers in good condition by cleaning and regular application
of oil.
2. Never use pliers as substitute for a wrench or hammer.
3. Never hammer the pliers when cutting wires.
Oil the metal parts of a tool to prevent rust.

Caring Screwdrivers
A. Select screwdriver that’s fit the screw head slot perfectly.
B. Keep the screwdriver’s handle dry, and clean to prevent slippages.
C. Never use a screwdriver as chisel.
Never hammer a screwdriver’s handle.

Caring of Desoldering tool

Clean and oil the inside sucking spring and the tip of the desoldering tool
regularly so that the melted soldering lead will not stick permanently inside
the desoldering tool.

BASIC LUBRICATION

The function of a lubricant is simple - reduce friction between moving

metal surfaces. A lubricant coats surfaces and resists being displaced by
pressure, keeping the metal parts separated. Lubricants also prevent
corrosion, block contaminants and can serve as a coolant. A good lubricant
flows easily under pressure and remains in contact with moving surfaces. It
does not leak out from gravitational or centrifugal forces, nor does it stiffen
in cold temperatures.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

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 After reading this information sheet the trainee is able to identify
several types of lubrication.

There are several types of lubricants:

 Oils cover a broad class of fluid lubricants, each of

which has particular physical properties and
characteristics. Petroleum oils (mineral oils) are made
from naphthenic or paraffinic oils. Naphthenic oils
contain little wax and their low pour point makes them
good lubricants for most applications. Paraffinic oils, on
the other hand, are very waxy, which makes them useful
for hydraulic equipment and other machinery.

 Ideal for lubricating bearings, gaskets, seals and other moving parts,
greases consist of an oil or synthetic fluid (~80%), a thickening agent
(~10%) and additives (~10%). The consistency of greases is usually
ranked by their relative hardness on a scale set by the National
Lubricating Grease Institute (NLGI). The softest greases are rated at 000
(which is a flowing liquid) with higher numbers indicating harder grease.
Most grease falls in the range between 1 and 4

 Solid lubricants are usually fine powders, such as Molybdenum Disulfide

(Moly), graphite and Teflon® (PTFE). They can be used alone, or as
additives in grease or dispersions, or as dry film bonded lubricants.
Lubricating solids can last longer than unfortified oils and greases
because of their ability to form burnished films on surfaces.

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 Rust remover A rust remover is used mainly to dissolve rust, but it is
also makes an excellent cleaner. For example, to remove a rusted bolt,
spray remover directly on the bolt, wait for approximately five minutes
and unscrew. For a bicycle chain, apply the rust remover to clean the
chain, and then apply a thick lubricant (oil or PL-100). Another useful trick,
try it to remove stuck-on store labels! It works perfectly and won't harm
glass or plastic. WD-40 and Release All are two of the many brands of rust
removers on the market.

 Dry lubricant is a product that, although greasy when applied,

dries in a few minutes and leaves a protective film. Since it dries
rapidly, it doesn't attract dust, so there is no mess. This is why it
is recommended for use on rubber, car door gaskets, handsaws,
mitre saw, saw sliders, window sashes, etc. It can also be used
on balky wooden drawers, but cabinetmakers usually prefer floor
wax because it is more durable. JIG-A-LOO is a brand of dry
lubricant.

Locksmiths also use a dry lubricant, graphite, to free stuck door locks.
This product, commonly found in stores, should be applied sparingly into the
keyhole, as it is very messy. Graphite lubricant is composed of a fine black
powder that no cleaner can remove, so it is wise to protect the door when
graphite is applied.

 Penetrating lubricant. You can find on the market a

penetrating lubricant, the PL-100 which is thick and very
efficient. Its lubricating properties persist even after having
removed residues, as it penetrates into metal. It is ideal for

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 door hinges, even the fridge, hard to open pliers, ski bindings, etc., as it
does not hold dirt and dust.

Synthetic lubricants cover a broad category of oils, greases, and pastes of

varied properties. Synthetic lubricants are more inert, generate less waste,
are capable of a wider range of temperatures and have a longer life than
petroleum materials. Certain classifications are friendlier to elastomers, seals
and O-rings that might come in contact with the lubricant.

 Synthetic oils are used to lubricate instrument bearings, hydraulics, air

compressors, gas and steam turbines and other applications. They
generally have excellent viscosity-temperature characteristics, good
resistance to oxidation and an extremely wide operating temperature
range.

 Synthetic greases can last a lifetime, making them very cost-effective.

They are chemically inert, and their high thermal stability makes them
useful for aerospace, electrical, automotive and other high-tech or
industrial applications. Some of these lubricants keep their viscosity in
temperatures ranging as high as 550° F and are nonflammable up to
1,200° F.

Silicones are very stable and very inert lubricants, which provide a wider
range of operating temperatures than non-silicone synthetic lubricants.
Other advantages include water repulsion and electrical insulation.
Flourosilicones have a higher resistance to harsh environments and the
ability to carry bearing loads. Lubricant manufacturers can provide technical

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data sheets on their products to advise you on the best applications of each
type of lubricant.

Kinds, Uses and Properties of Cleaning Solvents

Kinds of Cleaning Solvents

Solutions are homogeneous mixture of two or more components; these

can be gaseous, liquid or solid. When we speak of a solution, we usually think
of a solid dissolved in water. While water is the most common solvent, other
liquids are frequently employed as solvents for certain substances – for
example wax maybe dissolved in gasoline. The dissolved material in a
solution is termed as solute (e.g. wax) while the dissolving medium is called
solvent (e.g. gasoline). However, the term can be interchanged depending on
which substance is of greater amount.
Solvent is a component of a solution that dissolves solute and is
usually present in large proportion or amount. It can be classified as polar or
nonpolar. Polar solvents are solvents which dissolve/are soluble in water;
while nonpolar solvents are solvents which do not dissolve/are insoluble in
water.
Solvents usually used for cleaning in automotive shops are: water,
gasoline, kerosene, thinner and detergent soap.
The table below shows the kinds of cleaning solvent based on their
solubility in water.

Cleaning Solvents Solubility in Water Polar Nonpolar

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 a. water soluble x
b. gasoline insoluble X
c. kerosene insoluble X
d. thinner insoluble x
e. detergent soap soluble x

Properties of Cleaning Solvents

A useful generalization much quoted is that “Like dissolves like”. More

specifically, high solubility occurs when the molecules of the solute are
similar in structure and electrical properties to the molecules of the solvent.

When there is a similarity of electrical properties; e.g. high dipole

element between solute and solvent, the solute-solvent attractions are
particularly strong. When there is dissimilarity, solute-solvent attractions are
weak. For this reason, a polar substance such as H2O usually is a good
solvent for a polar substance such as detergent soap but a poor solvent for a
nonpolar substance such as gasoline.

Uses of Cleaning Solvents

Cleaning Solvents Uses

1. Gasoline - It is used to wash oil/greasy tools/ equipment.

2. Diesoline - It is used to wash oil engine, transmission and

other parts of the vehicle.

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3. Kerosene - It is used to remove dust, grease oil, paint, etc.

4. Thinner - It is used to remove spilled paint on the floor,

walls and tools.
5. Soap and water - It is used to wash/clean upholstered furniture
such as seats, tables, cabinets, etc.

SELF – CHECK 5.4-1

Test – I. Identification
Direction: Identify the following information by writing the required type
of lubricant. “RUST REMOVER”, “DRY LUBRICANT”, “OIL”, “GREASE”, AND

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PENETRATING LUBRICANT” before each number. Use separate sheet of paper
for your answer.
1 _____________ is used to remove rust on bolt, hand tools, bicycle chain
and equipment parts.
2 _____________ is used in maintenance for common hand tools,
equipment and other hardware.
3 _____________ is recommended for use on rubber, car door gaskets and
window sashes.
4 _____________ is used for maintenance of stock-up parts like bearing,
bushing and heavy bolts and nuts.

ANSWER KEY TO SELF-CHECK 5.4-1

1. RUST REMOVER is used to remove rust on bolt, hand tools, bicycle

chain and equipment parts.

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 2. PENETRATING LUBRICANT is used in maintenance for common hand
tools, equipment and other hardware.
3. OIL is recommended for use on rubber, car door gaskets and window
sashes.
4. GREASE is used for maintenance of stock-up parts like bearing,
bushing and heavy bolts and nuts.

Occupational Health and Safety Practices in Handling Cleaning

Solvents

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 A great percentage of eye injury and cuts results from a disregard for
the simplest of rules in handling cleaning solvents. You should never use
compressed air to clean your clothes, hands or body. The pressure could
cause the cleaning solvents and dirt particles to penetrate your skin,
resulting in infection and /or blood poisoning.

Do not use compressed air to clean an object immediately after it has

been removed from a hot cleaning tank. First, rinse the cleaning solvents
away with water. Do not use carbon tetrachloride as a cleaning solution. The
fumes, when inhaled can cause serious internal injury and possibly result in
death. During steam-cleaning, place the object to be cleaned on a pallet and
wear a face shield and rubber gloves for protection against loose debris.

If a job or cleaning task requires the use of gloves, use the appropriate
gloves. If you have cut, nicked, or burned yourself, or something has got into
your eyes, report immediately to the first-aid person.

Keep all inflammable cleaning solvents in closed tin containers and

whenever possible, store them in a separate area.

Preventive Maintenance of Electrical Tools and Equipment

There have been a large number of workplace incidents where workers

have been electrocuted or suffered electrical shock or burns while using
electrical tools and equipment. Most often, the lack of proper
maintenance is the cause of these incidents.
Preventive maintenance is a schedule planned maintenance actions
aimed at the prevention of breakdowns and failures. The primary goal of

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preventive maintenance is
to prevent the failure of
equipment before it
actually occurs. It is
designed to preserve and
enhance equipment
reliability by replacing
worn components before
they actually fail.
Preventive maintenance
activities include
equipment checks, partial or complete overhauls at specified periods, oil
changes, lubrication and so on. In addition, workers can record equipment
deterioration so they know to replace or repair worn parts before they cause
system failure. Recent technological advances in tools for inspection and
diagnosis have enabled even more accurate and effective equipment
maintenance the ideal preventive maintenance program would prevent all
equipment failure before it occurs.

There are multiple misconceptions about preventive maintenance.

One such misconception is that Preventive Maintenance is unduly costly.
This logic dictates that it would cost more for regularly scheduled downtime
and maintenance than it would normally cost to operate equipment until
repair is absolutely necessary. This maybe true for some components;
however, one should compare not only the costs but the long term benefits
and savings associated with preventive maintenance. Without preventive
maintenance, for example, costs for lost production time from unscheduled

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equipment breakdown will be incurred. Also preventive maintenance will
result in savings due to an increase of effective system service life.

Long term benefits of preventive maintenance include:

o Improved system reliability

o Decreased cost of replacement
o Decreased system downtime
o Better spares inventory management

The following safety precautions should be adopted to prevent possible

electrocution.

ALWAYS:

o Test and tag electrical leads, tools and equipment regularly.

o Visually inspect electrical leads, tools and equipment for damage
before each use
o Use safety switches when using electrical tools and equipment.
o Use flameproof electrical tools and equipment in
areas where there is the potential for flammable
and explosive atmospheres.
o Use competent people to repair damaged electrical
leads, tools and equipment.

NEVER:

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o Use damaged electrical leads, tools and equipment.
o Use electrical leads, tools and equipment in damp or wet conditions
unless they are specially designed for use in those conditions.
o Place electrical leads in areas where they may be damaged (on the
ground, through doorways and over sharp edges).

Proper Handling and Maintenance Of Hand Tools

1. Wipe or clean tools after every use with a clean and soft cloth to
remove dirt.
2. Keep all tools in the tool room and tool rack.
3. Tools should be applied/wiped with an appropriate oil to prevent them
from rusting.
4. Drill tools should be sharpened properly.
5. Tooth cutting tools should be sharpened as often as necessary.
6. Never drop tools especially precision instrument or testing tools.
7. Except for hammers, never use tools as hammer.
8. Never use screwdrivers as wood chisel or cold chisel.
9. Never file the soldering tip of the soldering copper. If necessary, wipe
the tip with a clean soft cloth to remove dirt.
10. Do not over heat the electric soldering copper.
11. Never use drill tools, it will cause harm to your work or yourself.
12. Always issue or lend tools with receipt.
13. Tools borrowed should be returned in good condition; otherwise it
should be replaced with new and same kind.

5S (METHODOLOGY)

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LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
After reading this information sheet the
trainee should be able to apply 5S
methodology.

5S is a reference to a list of five

Japanese words which, translated into English,
start with the letter S and are the name of a
methodology. This list is a mnemonic for a
methodology that is often incorrectly
characterized as "standardized cleanup", however it is much more than
cleanup. 5S is a philosophy and a way of organizing and managing the
workspace and work flow with the intent to improve efficiency by eliminating
waste, improving flow and reducing process unreasonableness.

5S is a method for organizing a workplace, especially a

shared workplace (like a shop floor or an office space, even in
school), and keeping it organized. It is sometimes referred to
as a housekeeping methodology, however this
characterization can be misleading because organizing a
workplace goes beyond housekeeping.

The key targets of 5S are workplace morale and efficiency. The

assertion of 5S is, by assigning everything a location, time is not wasted by
looking for things. Additionally, it is quickly obvious when something is
missing from its designated location. 5S advocates believe the benefits of
this methodology come from deciding what should be kept, where it should
be kept, and how it should be stored. This decision making process usually

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comes from a dialog about standardization which builds a clear
understanding, between employees, of how work should be done.

In addition, another key distinction between 5S and "standardized

cleanup" is Seiton. Seiton is often misunderstood, perhaps due to efforts to
translate into an English word beginning with "S" (such as "sort" or
"straighten"). The key concept here is to order items or activities in a manner
to promote work flow. For example, tools should be kept at the point of use,
workers should not have to repetitively bend to access materials, flow paths
can be altered to improve efficiency, etc.

The 5S's are:

SEIRI: SORT (CLEAN UP)

"Sorting" means to sort through everything in each work area. Keep

only what is necessary. Materials, tools, equipment and supplies that are not
frequently used should be moved to a separate, common storage area. Items
that are not used should be discarded.

Do not keep things around just because they might be used someday.

Sorting is the first step in making a work area tidy. It makes easier to
find the things you need and frees up additional space.

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 As a result of the sorting process you will eliminate (or repair) broken
equipment and tools. Obsolete fixtures, molds, jigs, scrap material, waste
and other unused items and materials are disposed of.

SEITON: SET IN ORDER (ORGANIZE)

Set in order means to organize, arrange and

identify everything in a work area for the most
efficient and effective retrieval and return to its
proper place.

Commonly used tools should be readily

available. Storage areas, cabinets and shelves
should be properly labeled. Clean and paint floors to make it easier to spot
dirt, waste materials and dropped parts and tools. Outline areas on the floor
to identify work areas, movement lanes, storage areas, finished product
areas, etc. Put shadows on tool boards, making it easy to quickly see where
each tool belongs.

In an office/school, provide bookshelves for frequently used manuals,

books and catalogs. Label the shelves and books so that they are easy to
identify and return to their proper place.

The objective in this step is: A place for everything and everything in its
place, with everything properly identified and labeled.

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 This means there are two important parts to systematic organization -
putting everything in its proper place and setting up a system so that it is
easy to return each item to its proper place. The second part is where good
labeling and identification practices are important. Both the equipment/tools
and materials you use, as well as their proper storage locations, need to be
clearly identified and labeled.

SEISŌ: SWEEP (REGULAR CLEANING)

Once you have everything from each individual work area up to your entire
facility, sorted (cleaned up) and organized, you need to keep it that way. This
requires regular cleaning, or to go along with our third S, "shining" things up.
Regular, usually daily, cleaning is needed or everything will return to the
way it was. This could also be thought of as inspecting. While cleaning it's
easy to also inspect the machines, tools, equipment and supplies you work
with.

Regular cleaning and inspection makes it easy to spot lubricant leaks,

equipment misalignment, breakage, missing tools and low levels of supplies.
Problems can be identified and fixed when they are small. If these minor
problems are not addressed while small, they could lead to equipment
failure, unplanned outages or long - unproductive - waits while new supplies
are delivered.

When done on a regular, frequent basis, cleaning and inspecting generally

will not take a lot of time, and in the long run will most likely save time.

SEIKETSU: STANDARDIZE (SIMPLIFY)

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To ensure that the first three steps in your Five S program continue to be
effective, the fourth step is to simplify and standardize.

The good practices developed in steps 1 through 3 should be

standardized and made easy to accomplish. Develop a work structure that
will support the new practices and make them into habits. As you learn more,
update and modify the standards to make the process simpler and easier.

One of the hardest steps is avoiding old work habits. It is easy to slip back
into what you have been doing for years. That is what everyone is familiar
with. It feels comfortable.

Use standards to help people work into new habits that are a part of your
Five S program.

Any easy way to make people aware of, and remind them about the
standards is to use labels, signs, posters and banners.

SHITSUKE: SUSTAIN
Step Five: The final step is to continue training and maintaining the
standards.

Have a formal system for monitoring the results of your Five S program.

Do not expect that you can clean up, get things organized and labeled, and

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ask people to clean and inspect their areas every day -- and then have
everything continue to happen without any follow-up.

Continue to educate people about maintaining standards. When there

are changes - such as new equipment, new products, new work rules - that
will effectyour Five S program, and adjustments to accommodate those
changes. Make any needed changes in the standards and provide training
that addresses those changes.

Practice Good Housekeeping

Good housekeeping is one of the surest ways to identify a safe

workplace. You can tell how workers feel about safety just by looking at their
housekeeping practices. Good housekeeping is not the result of cleaning up
once a week or even once a day. It is the result of keeping cleaned-up all the
time. It is an essential factor in a good safety program, promoting safety,
health, production, and morale.

Whose responsibility is housekeeping? It is everyone's. Clean work

areas and aisles help eliminate tripping hazards. Respecting "wet floor" signs
and immediately cleaning up spills prevents slipping injuries. Keeping
storage areas uncluttered reduces the chances of disease and fire as well as
slips, trips, and falls. Accumulated debris can cause fires, and clutter slows
movement of personnel and equipment during fires.

Other housekeeping practices include keeping tools and equipment

clean and in good shape or keeping hoses and cables or wires bundled when
not in use. Broken glass should be picked up immediately with a broom and

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dustpan, never with bare hands. Be aware of open cabinet drawers, electric
wires, sharp corners or protruding nails. Either correct the unsafe condition if
you are able and it is safe to do so, or notify the person responsible for
overall maintenance that something should be done.
How a workplace looks makes an impression on employees and visitors
alike. A visitor's first impression of a business is important because that
image affects the amount of business it does. Good housekeeping goes
hand-in-hand with good public relations. It projects order, care, and pride.

Besides preventing accidents and injuries, good housekeeping saves

space, time, and materials. When a workplace is clean, orderly, and free of
obstruction; work can get done safely and properly. Workers feel better, think
better, do better work, and increase the quantity and quality of their work.

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 SELF CHECK 5.4-2

MATCHING TYPE

Match column A to Column B.

Column A Column B
1. Seiri a. standardize
2. Seiso b. set in order
3. Seiketsu c. sort
4. Shitsuke d. sweep
5. Seiton e. sustain
f. striping

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 ANSWER KEY 5.4-2

1. C
2. D
3. A
4. E
5. B

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 JOB SHEET 5.4-1
Title: Cleaning Tools and Work Area
Performance Objective : In this Job Sheet, you will be able to follow
the procedure in cleaning the basic hand tools and work area
Materials Tools/Equipment
Cleaning solvent
Rags
Brooms
Washing pans
Safety apparel
Vacuum cleaner
Equipment: Vacuum cleaner
Procedure:
1. Wear protective clothing and goggles
2. Gather the tools to be cleaned in the designated area for cleaning.
3. Segregate the tools according to the kind of dirt they have
4. Measure and pour enough amount of cleaning solvent to the washing
pan.
5. Submerge and wash the tools in the washing pan.
6. Wipe them with rags until dry. Apply little oil to every moving parts of
hand tools.
7. Clean the work area using mops, brooms, rags

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 Performance Criteria Checklist

During the demonstration of skills did the trainee… YES NO

1. Wear protective clothing and goggles
2. Gather the tools to be cleaned in the designated area for
cleaning.
3. Segregate the tools according to the kind of dirt they
have
4. Measure and pour enough amount of cleaning solvent to
the washing pan.
5. Submerge and wash the tools in the washing pan.
6. Wipe them with rags until dry. Apply little oil to every
moving parts of hand tools.
7. Clean the work area using mops, brooms, rags

Name of Trainee________________

INFORMATION SHEET 5.4-2

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 INVENTORY OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

Why Maintain Inventory of Tools and Equipment

The most important advice you can be given at the beginning of your
career is to purchase top-grade tools. These are made from high-quality steel
and manufactured to precision. Special consideration is given to balance so
that the tool/equipment will be properly maintained and prevent loses. Since
the technician must work with his tools daily, regular inventory of
tools/equipment is very important.

The initial cost of even a minimum number of tools is high but the
accompanying warranty guarantees satisfaction and many years of service.
It is better, in the long run, to start with a few carefully selected tools that
will take care of your most common needs and then gradually build-up to a
complete set. It is sometimes hard to identify and memorize the huge
number of tools and equipment in the workshop, maintaining the inventory
record is of great value.

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 JOB SHEET 5.4-2
Title: INVENTORY OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
Performance Objective : In this Job Sheet, you will be able to follow
the procedure in the inventory of tools and equipment
Materials Tools/Equipment
Inventory forms
Equipment:
Procedure:
1. Prepare inventory forms/memorandum receipt of tools and equipment.
2. Study the parts of the Inventory Form.
3. Check whether the list of tools and equipment in the memorandum
receipt tallies with the existing tools and equipment found in the
workshop including their specifications and condition.
4. List down any losses and damages you find while conducting the
inventory.
5. Fill out the remarks column of the inventory forms for any losses/
damages.
6. Recommend for replacement of lost tools and equipment and repair of
damaged tools and equipment if reparable.

Performance Criteria Checklist

During the demonstration of skills did the trainee… YES NO

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 1. Prepare inventory forms/memorandum receipt of tools
and equipment.
2. Study the parts of the Inventory Form.
3. Check whether the list of tools and equipment in the
memorandum receipt tallies with the existing tools and
equipment found in the workshop including their
specifications and condition
4. List down any losses and damages you find while
conducting the inventory.
5. Fill out the remarks column of the inventory forms for
any losses/ damages.
6. Recommend for replacement of lost tools and equipment
and repair of damaged tools and equipment if reparable.

Name of Trainee________________

Information Sheet 5.4-3

PROPER TOOL STORAGE

Tool Storage

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 Proper storage of tools ensures their durability and efficiency. They
must be stored in dry location. Correct labeling of cabinets and tool racks in
accessible location for laboratory activity in the shop will serve the purpose.
It is also important to classify the tools according to their function or uses so
that they will be stored according to their kind. Tools are classified as follows:

Cutting tools

Tools under this classification are the pliers, saw and chisel. Pliers are
available with both insulated and un-insulated handle primarily intended for
cutting, twisting and skinning wires or electrical conductors. Saw is generally
intended for cutting wood. Hack saw is used to cut metals. Chisel is an edge
cutting tool, it can also be considered as boring tool. It bore hole for the
purpose of making passage for electrical conduit or raceway.

Driving tools

The hammer and the screw driver are the tools under this
classification. Hammers are manufactured either soft faced or hard faced.
Mallet is an example of soft faced hammer commonly used to fix the winding
of electric motor. The claw and the ball hammer are used to drive and pull
out nails and strike metals. The screwdrivers are composed of two types: the
standard and the Phillips type. It is intended to drive and pull out nail.
Drilling Equipment
Drilling equipment is needed to make holes in building structure for the
passage component terminals in the PCB. The common examples are the
power drill and hand drill.

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Soldering equipment

In doing electrical wiring, splices and taps connections are made to

wire. It should be soldered, unless connection does not need solders. Some
examples of this equipment are soldering iron or gun, blow torch or propane
torch.

Measuring tools

The extension rule, metric rule, wire gauge and caliper are the
common tools under this classification. It is intended to measure length
opening size of conduit, wires and other items.

Measuring and testing tools

The tools under this kind are the multi tester, insulation tester and
clamp meter.

Procedure in maintaining and storing of hand tools

1. Provide a safety cabinet for all the hand tools and assign a specific area
for each tool.
2. It should be cleaned before returning it to the tool rack.
3. Damage hand tools should be repaired.
4. Apply oil on all moving parts if possible.
5. Cover the sharp parts of the tools with a cork when not in use.

Basic tips in storing electronic tools and equipments

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1 Commonly used tools and equipment should be placed along the
center shelves of the cabinet.
2 Heavy tools and equipment like power grinder should be placed at the
lowest shelf.
3 Light tools should be placed on the upper shelf.
4 Tools and equipment must be stored according to their kind.
5 Defective tools shall be kept in section intended for them for inventory
purposes.

SELF CHECK 5.4-3

1 the tools should b place in _______ location.
a. wet
b. damp
c. dry
2 heavy tools and equipment should be place at ___________ shelf.

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 a. upper
b. lowest
c. center
3 light tools should be placed at ________ shelf.
a. upper
b. lowest
c. center
4 chisel can also be considered as _______ tools.
a. boring
b. driving
c. cutting
6. push-pull rule, wire gauge, multi-tester and extension rule is an
example of ________.
a. cutting tool
b. drilling tool
c. measuring tool

Test – II. Identification

Direction: Identify the following information by writing “ALWAYS” and

“NEVER” before each number. Use separate sheet for your
answers.

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_________ 1. Perform regular check or the condition of tools, instrument and
equipment.
_________ 2. Place electrical leads in areas where they maybe damage.
_________ 3. Use competent people to repair damaged electrical leads, tools
and equipment.
_________ 4. Decrease cost of replacement.
_________ 5. Test and tag electrical tools and equipment regularly.
_________ 6. Use damaged electrical leads, tools and equipment.
_________ 7. Use safety switches when using electrical tools and equipment.
_________ 8. Improved system reliability.
_________9. Apply preventive maintenance on tools and equipment to prevent
electrocution.
_________10. Use electrical leads, tools and equipment in damp a wet
condition.

Test III
Directions: Read the instructions in each letter carefully. Write your answer
on a separate sheet of paper.

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C. Classify the following cleaning solvents whether they are Polar or
Nonpolar. Write P for polar and NP for nonpolar.

a. water
b. gasoline
c. kerosene
d. diesoline
e. thinner
f. detergent soap
g. dust
h. mud
i. oil
j. grease oil

D. Write only the letter of your answer on the answer sheet provided.

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1. Which of the following injuries will be caused by compressed air if used
to clean clothes, hands or body soiled with a flammable cleaning
solvent?
a. a. pimples b. burn c. blood poisoning
2. Which of the following solvents should not be used as a cleaning
solution for it poses hazards to health?
a. a. gasoline b. kerosene c. carbon tetrachloride
3. As a safety precaution, which of the following safety devices should be
worn in electrical wiring ?
a. a. face shield b. rubber gloves c. Apron
4. Which of the following should we use to keep a flammable cleaning
solvent?
a. a. closed tin container b. plastic pail c. aluminum basin

ANSWER KEY TO SELF – CHECK 5.4_3

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Test 1 Multiple Choice
1. C
2. B
3. A
4. A
5. C

Test – II. Identification

Direction: Identify the following information by writing “ALWAYS” and

“NEVER” before each number. Use separate sheet for your
answers.
ALWAYS 1. Perform regular check or the condition of tools, instrument and
equipment.
NEVER 2. Place electrical leads in areas where they maybe damage.
ALWAYS 3. Use competent people to repair damaged electrical leads, tools
and equipment.
NEVER 4. Decrease cost of replacement.
ALWAYS 5.Test and tag electrical tools and equipment regularly.
ALWAYS 6. Use damaged electrical leads, tools and equipment.
NEVER 7. Use safety switches when using electrical tools and equipment.
ALWAYS 8.Improved system reliability.
ALWAYS 9. Apply preventive maintenance on tools and equipment to prevent
electrocution.
NEVER 10. Use electrical leads, tools and equipment in damp a wet
condition.

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Test III
Directions: Read the instructions in each letter carefully. Write your answer
on a separate sheet of paper.

A Classify the following cleaning solvents whether they are Polar or

Nonpolar. Write P for polar and NP for nonpolar.
1. Water -P
2. Gasoline - NP
3. Kerosene - NP
4. Diesoline - NP
5. Thinner - P
6. detergent soap - P
7. dust - P
8. mud - P
9. oil - NP
10. grease oil – NP

B Write only the letter of your answer on the answer sheet

provided.
1. C
2. C
3. B
4. A

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 ASSESSMENT PLAN

Qualification: Electronic Products Assembly and Servicing

NC II

Unit of MAINTAIN HAND TOOLS

Competency:
Module Title: MAINTAINING HAND TOOLS

Assessment Methods

Oral

Work Sample
Demonstration

Written Test*
Observation
Assessment Criteria

Questioning*
LO 1. Check condition of tools and
equipment
4. Materials, tools and equipment are identified
according to classification and job √
requirements.
5. Non-functional tools and equipment are
segregated and labeled according to √ √
classification.
6. Safety of tools and equipment are observed
in accordance with manufacturer √ √ √
instructions.
LO 2. Perform basic preventive and
corrective maintenance
8 Appropriate lubricants are identified √ √ √

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 according to type of equipment
9 Tools and equipment are lubricated
according to preventive maintenance √ √
schedule or manufacturer’s specification.
10 Measuring instruments are calibrated in
√ √
accordance with manufacturer’s instruction.
11 Tools are cleaned and lubricated according
√ √
to standard procedures.
12 Defective instrument, equipment and
accessories are inspected and replaced √ √ √
according to manufacturer’s specification.
13 Tools are inspected, repaired and replaced
√ √
after use.
14 Work place is cleaned and kept in safe state
√ √
in line with OHS regulation.
LO 3. Store tools and equipment
4. Inventory of tools, instrument and
equipment are conducted and recorded as √
per shop practices.
5. Tools and equipment are stored in safe
and appropriate location in accordance with
√
manufacturer’s specifications or company
procedures.
6. Workplace is cleaned and kept in safe
√
state in line with OHS regulations.

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Demonstration Checklist
Student name:

Teacher name:

Name of School Academia de Tecnologia in Mindanao

Module Title Maintain tools and equipment

Unit of Maintaining tools and equipment

competency:

Instructions for the teacher:

5. Observe the student [insert description of activity being observed].

6. Describe the assessment activity and the date on which it was
undertaken.
7. Place a tick in the box to show that the student completed each aspect
of the activity to the standard expected in the enterprise.
8. Complete the feedback sections of the form.
Date of observation

Description of assessment
activity

Location of assessment
activity

The student…. If yes, tick the box

 can classify tools from functional to non-functional.

 Can fill-up periodic maintenance form.
 Can perform preventive maintenance to electrical
tools and equipment.
 Can perform inventory of tools and equipment.

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 Can perform safe keeping and storage of tools.
Did the student’s overall performance meet the Yes No
standard?
Feedback to student:
Teacher signature: Date:
Student’s Signature : Date:

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Observation and Questioning Checklist

Student name:

Teacher name:

Name of School

Module Title Maintain Hand Tools and Equipment

Unit of competency: Maintaining Hand Tools Equipment

Instructions for the teacher:

12. Observe the student [insert description of activity being observed].

13. Describe the assessment activity and the date on which it was
undertaken.
14. Place a tick in the box to show that the student completed each
aspect of the activity to the standard expected in the enterprise.
15. Ask the student a selection of the questions from the attached list
to confirm his/her underpinning knowledge
16. Place a tick in the box to show that the student answered the
questions correctly.
17. Complete the feedback sections of the form.

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Date of observation

Description of assessment
activity

Location of assessment activity

The student…. If yes, tick the

box

 What is the importance of checking the conditions

of tools periodically?
 How can you apply tool maintenance?
 What is the purpose of inventory?
 How can you apply Five S in storing your tools?
 What are the different lubricating materials and
give their unique purposes?
Did the student’s overall performance meet the Yes No
standard?
Feedback to trainees

Teacher’s Signature: Date:

Student’s Signature : Date:

Date Developed: Doc. No.

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