SCIENCE CLASSWORK

• Work to be done in the Science register – All the questions of Book Exercises and Q1 to Q5 of Extra
Questions.
• Work to be taken as print outs – Q6 to Q19 of Extra Questions. Either keep them safe in a separate
Science Folder or paste them in the notebook. Your choice.
• Students who want to copy all the work (including book exercises and extra questions) in the Science
register, can do so. Your choice.
• Extra questions will also be the part of tests/exams.

CHAPTER 2 – COMPONENTS OF FOOD

BOOK EXCERCISES

1. Name the major nutrients in our food.

Ans. Major Nutrients: Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals.
2. Name the following:
a. The nutrients which mainly give energy to our body- Carbohydrates and fats
b. The nutrients that are needed for the growth and maintenance of our body-
Protein and minerals
c. A vitamin required for maintaining good eyesight- Vitamin A
d. A mineral that is required for keeping our bones healthy- Calcium
3. Name two foods each rich in:
a. Fats- Groundnut and butter c. Dietary fibre- Fruits and green vegetables
b. Starch- Rice and wheat d. Protein - Fish and paneer
4. Tick (√) the statements that are correct:
a. By eating rice alone, we can fulfil nutritional requirement of our body. (×)
Correct statement: By eating rice alone, we cannot fulfil nutritional
requirement
of our body.
b. Deficiency diseases can be prevented by eating a balanced diet. (√ )
c. Balanced diet for the body should contain a variety of food items. (√ )
d. Meat alone is sufficient to provide all nutrients to the body. (×)
Correct statement: Meat alone is not sufficient to provide all nutrients to the
body.
5. Fill in the blanks:
a. Rickets is caused by deficiency of Vitamin D.
b. Deficiency of Vitamin B1 causes a disease known as beri-beri.
c. Deficiency of Vitamin C causes a disease known as Scurvy.
d. Night blindness is caused due to deficiency of Vitamin A in our food.

EXTRA QUESTIONS
Nutrients
1. Into which classes are nutrients divided?
Ans. a. Energy giving nutrients (Carbohydrates and Fats)
b. Body building nutrients (Proteins)
c. Protective nutrients (Vitamins and Minerals)
 2. Complete the following sentences:
a. Diseases caused by the lack of some essential or important nutrients in the diet
are called as deficiency diseases.
b. Fat deposition in small quantity is good but too much fat deposition is harmful
for the body. This leads to the condition called obesity.
c. Milk contains most of the nutrients required. However, milk is low in calorific
value, so it may be difficult to meet all the energy requirements from a milk
diet.
d. Vitamin C is easily destroyed during cooking.
e. Vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, B12 and folic acid are together known as Vitamin
B Complex.
f. If you need quick energy, then out of the sugary food/starchy food/food full of
vitamins, one should depend on sugary food.
g. Iodine content in the soil and water in the Himalayan region is very low. So,
the incidence of goitre among the people living in the Himalayan region is
quite high.
h. Requirement of proteins is greater for a 10-year-old child as compared to a 24-
year-old adult. This is because growing children require high amounts of
proteins to perform growth of body.
i. For developing strong bones and teeth, the combination of two minerals –
Calcium & Phosphorus is required by the body.
j. It is observed that constipation is common among people in the western
countries who eat more meat and processed food than us. This is because meat
and processed food contain very little roughage. So, lack of roughage leads to
constipation in people.

Carbohydrates
3. What are the two kinds of carbohydrates? Explain.
Ans.
Simple Carbohydrates Complex Carbohydrates
a.They are called sugars. a.They are called starch.
b.They are easier to break down and b.They are first broken into simple carbohydrate
absorbed by the blood directly. (i.e. sugar) and then absorbed by the blood.
c.They provide us quick energy. c.They provides energy slower than sugars.
Eg. Glucose, fructose. Eg. Glycogen, cellulose.
Sources: Fruits, refined sugars, Sources: Potatoes, corn, cereals etc.
candies etc.

Fats
4. What are the advantages of fat deposition in our body?
Ans. Fat deposition in our body helps in the following ways:
a. It helps body organs to grow.
b. It also protects them from injury.
c. It prevents loss of heat from the body surface and keeps us warm in cold.
 5. What are the two types of fats? Explain.
Ans.
Saturated Fats Unsaturated Fats
a.Solid at room temperature. a.Liquid at room temperature.
b.Melting point is higher. b.Melting point is lower.
c.Soluble in vitamins. c.Insoluble in vitamins.
d.Increases the blood cholesterol and d.Lowers the blood cholesterol and are
harmful for health. good for health.
Eg. Plants fats (like palm oil, coconut oil), Eg. Plant oil (like mustard oil, sunflower
Animal fats (like cheese, butter) oil) Animal oil (like fish oil)

Proteins
6. How are the proteins important for the body?
Ans. Protein is a body building nutrient. Proteins are important in following ways:
a. For growth and repair of our body.
b. To build new cells and tissues.
c. They also help in the maintenance of tough, fibrous nature of hair and nails.
d. They also responsible of building our muscles.

7. Marasmus is caused due to diet insufficient in-

(a) Proteins (b) Carbohydrates (c) Fats (d) All of these. What are its symptoms?
Ans.(d) All of these. Marasmus is caused by a severe deficiency of all major
nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins and fats.
The symptoms of Marasmus are:
a. A child suffering from it is underweight, often weighing 60% less than normal.
b. The child becomes so thin that loose folds of skin are seen all over the body.

Vitamins
8. What are the two different types of Vitamins?
Ans.
Water-Soluble Vitamins Fat-Soluble Vitamins
a.These vitamins can dissolve in water. a.These vitamins can dissolve in fats & oils.
b.They are not stored in the body so b.They can be stored in the body’s fatty tissue
need to be taken in our diet daily. so no need to take them daily.
c.Less likely to reach toxic levels. c.May reach to toxic levels if taken in large
quantity.
Eg. Vitamin C and members of the Eg. Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble.
Vitamin B- Complex are water-soluble.

9. Explain the importance of the following vitamins for the body:

a. Vitamin C: It is vital for normal growth and development of strong blood
vessels.
b. Vitamin D: It is important for the formation of strong bones and teeth.
 c. Vitamin K: It is important for the clotting of blood.

Minerals
10.What are the two different types of minerals?
Microminerals (Trace minerals) Macrominerals
a.These minerals are needed by the body in a.These minerals are needed by the body in
small amounts. larger amounts.
Eg. Calcium, phosphorus etc. Eg. Iodine, iron etc.

11. Explain the importance of the following minerals for the body:
a. Sodium: It is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system.
b. Potassium: Essential for normal growth. It keeps cells and blood healthy.
c. Iron: Iron is an important part of haemoglobin, which is the substance in red
blood cells that carries oxygen to all the cells of the body.

Roughage
12. In which foods are roughage present−plant or animal foods? Give reasons.
Ans. Roughage is specifically present in the plant foods like fruits and vegetables.
Roughage is fibrous/indigestible carbohydrate and carbohydrate is usually present in
plants. It remains undigested in the entire digestive tract from mouth to anus.

13. Fibres/Roughage cannot be digested by the body, so it is better to eliminate it

from food. True or false? Discuss.
Ans. False, fibres/roughage is an important constituent of food. Its functions:
a. It helps the muscles of the digestive tract in the formation of stools.
b. It prevents constipation and ensures proper bowel movement.
c. Reduce the chance of heart diseases, bowel cancers and irritation of the bowels.

14.Describe the two types of roughage.

Ans.
Soluble Roughage Insoluble Roughage
a.Soluble roughage dissolves in water. a.Insoluble roughage does not dissolve in
water
b.It changes its form when mixes with water. b.It does not change its form as it does not
mix with water.
Eg. Apple, strawberry, peach, rice. Eg. Whole grain, carrot, cabbage, turnip.

Water
15.Which of these forms most of our body weight?
(a) Proteins (b) Fats (c) Carbohydrates (d) Water
Ans. (d)Water. Water constitutes nearly 70% of our body weight.
16. Why should you drink 6−8 glasses of water every day even when water does not
provide any energy?
Ans. Water serves the following vital functions in our body:
a. Water helps in the absorption of nutrients in the body.
b. The nutrients obtained from food are transported throughout the body by water.
c. It helps to perform many functions like digestion, throwing out waste from the
body in the form of urine, sweat and faeces.
d. Water also helps to regulate our body temperature. Like it keeps our body cool
through sweating.

17. Is the balanced diet same for everybody? Why?

Ans. A balanced diet cannot be the same for everybody and varies depending upon
the age, gender and type of work of an individual.
Eg. a.A growing child needs proteins to grow rapidly.
b.Nursing mothers & pregnant women need more proteins to feed growing baby.
c.Labourers must consume more carbohydrates and fats as they need more energy.
d.A patient in a hospital needs special diet as recommended by the doctor.

18. An overworked computer software engineer works on the computer the whole
day. He gets very tired after work. Somebody advised him to eat more carbohydrates
and fats to get more energy. Do you think this will help him? Why?
Ans. A computer engineer works sitting at a place and he does not spend a lot of
energy to work. And if he eats carbohydrates and fats, it will cause him to put on
weight and become obese. So, a diet rich in carbohydrates and fats will not be
helpful.

19. Identify the possible disease from the given symptoms, and the reason for the
disease:
a. A child has bowed legs – It shows that the child can be suffering from rickets.
Rickets is caused due to the deficiency of Vitamin D in the diet.
b. A man has swollen and bleeding gums – It shows that man can be suffering
from the disease scurvy. Scurvy disease is caused due to the deficiency of Vit.C.
c. A pale looking child that gets tired quickly – It shows the symptoms of
anaemia. Anaemia is a disease caused by the deficiency of iron.
d. A woman has a swelling in the neck – It is a symptom associated with goitre.
This disease is caused because of iodine deficiency.

THE END