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Addition and Subtraction of Polynomials

This document provides a lesson on adding and subtracting polynomials. It begins with examples of combining like terms in monomial expressions. It then explains that adding and subtracting polynomials involves combining like terms. Several examples are provided of adding and subtracting polynomials, including applying the process to word problems involving areas and profits. The lesson emphasizes that like terms must be combined and terms can be rearranged to group like terms together when adding or subtracting polynomials.

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Ronz de Borja
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220 views23 pages

Addition and Subtraction of Polynomials

This document provides a lesson on adding and subtracting polynomials. It begins with examples of combining like terms in monomial expressions. It then explains that adding and subtracting polynomials involves combining like terms. Several examples are provided of adding and subtracting polynomials, including applying the process to word problems involving areas and profits. The lesson emphasizes that like terms must be combined and terms can be rearranged to group like terms together when adding or subtracting polynomials.

Uploaded by

Ronz de Borja
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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6-4 Adding and Subtracting

6-4 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials


Polynomials

Warm Up
Lesson Presentation
Lesson Quiz

Holt
Holt McDougal
Algebra
Algebra 1 1Algebra 1
6-4 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
Warm Up
Simplify each expression by combining like
terms.
1. 4x + 2x 6x
2. 3y + 7y 10y
3. 8p – 5p 3p
4. 5n + 6n2 not like terms
Simplify each expression.
5. 3(x + 4) 3x + 12
6. –2(t + 3) –2t – 6
7. –1(x2 – 4x – 6) –x2 + 4x + 6

Holt McDougal Algebra 1


6-4 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials

Objective
Add and subtract polynomials.

Holt Algebra 1
6-4 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials

Just as you can perform operations on


numbers, you can perform operations on
polynomials. To add or subtract
polynomials, combine like terms (similar
terms).

Holt Algebra 1
6-4 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
Example 1: Adding and Subtracting Monomials

Add or subtract.

A. 12p3 + 11p2 + 8p3


12p3 + 11p2 + 8p3 Identify like terms.
12p3 + 8p3 + 11p2 Rearrange terms so that like
terms are together.
20p3 + 11p2 Combine like terms.
B. 5x2 – 6 – 3x + 8
5x2 – 6 – 3x + 8 Identify like terms.
Rearrange terms so that like
5x2 – 3x + 8 – 6
terms are together.
5x2 – 3x + 2 Combine like terms.
Holt Algebra 1
6-4 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
Example 1: Adding and Subtracting Monomials

Add or subtract.

C. t2 + 2s2 – 4t2 – s2
t2 + 2s2 – 4t2 – s2 Identify like terms.
t2 – 4t2 + 2s2 – s2 Rearrange terms so that
like terms are together.
–3t2 + s2 Combine like terms.
D. 10m2n + 4m2n – 8m2n
10m2n + 4m2n – 8m2n Identify like terms.
6m2n Combine like terms.

Holt Algebra 1
6-4 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials

Remember!
Like terms are constants or terms with the same
variable(s) raised to the same power(s).

Holt Algebra 1
6-4 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
Check It Out! Example 1

Add or subtract.

a. 2s2 + 3s2 + s
2s2 + 3s2 + s Identify like terms.
5s2 + s Combine like terms.
b. 4z4 – 8 + 16z4 + 2
4z4 – 8 + 16z4 + 2 Identify like terms.
Rearrange terms so that
4z4 + 16z4 – 8 + 2
like terms are together.
20z4 – 6 Combine like terms.

Holt Algebra 1
6-4 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
Check It Out! Example 1

Add or subtract.

c. 2x8 + 7y8 – x8 – y8
Identify like terms.
2x8 + 7y8 – x8 – y8
Rearrange terms so that
2x8 – x8 + 7y8 – y8 like terms are together.
x8 + 6y8 Combine like terms.

d. 9b3c2 + 5b3c2 – 13b3c2


9b3c2 + 5b3c2 – 13b3c2 Identify like terms.
b 3c 2 Combine like terms.

Holt Algebra 1
6-4 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials

Polynomials can be added in either vertical or


horizontal form.
In vertical form, align In horizontal form, use the
the like terms and add: Associative and
Commutative Properties to
regroup and combine like
5x2 + 4x + 1
terms.
+ 2x2 + 5x + 2
7x2 + 9x + 3
(5x2 + 4x + 1) + (2x2 + 5x + 2)
= (5x2 + 2x2) + (4x + 5x) + (1 + 2)
= 7x2 + 9x + 3

Holt Algebra 1
6-4 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
Example 2: Adding Polynomials
Add.
A. (4m2 + 5) + (m2 – m + 6)

(4m2 + 5) + (m2 – m + 6) Identify like terms.


(4m2 + m2) + (–m) +(5 + 6) Group like terms
together.
5m2 – m + 11 Combine like terms.

B. (10xy + x) + (–3xy + y)
(10xy + x) + (–3xy + y) Identify like terms.
(10xy – 3xy) + x + y Group like terms
together.
7xy + x + y Combine like terms.
Holt Algebra 1
6-4 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
Example 2C: Adding Polynomials
Add.
(6x2 – 4y) + (3x2 + 3y – 8x2 – 2y)

(6x2 – 4y) + (3x2 + 3y – 8x2 – 2y) Identify like terms.

Combine like terms in the


(6x2 – 4y) + (–5x2 + y)
second polynomial.

(6x2 –5x2) + (–4y + y)


Combine like terms.
x2 – 3y
Simplify.

Holt Algebra 1
6-4 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
Example 2D: Adding Polynomials
Add.

Identify like terms.

Group like terms


together.
Combine like terms.

Holt Algebra 1
6-4 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
Check It Out! Example 2

Add (5a3 + 3a2 – 6a + 12a2) + (7a3 – 10a).

(5a3 + 3a2 – 6a + 12a2) + (7a3 – 10a) Identify like terms.

(5a3 + 7a3) + (3a2 + 12a2) + (–10a – 6a) Group like terms


together.
12a3 + 15a2 – 16a Combine like terms

Holt Algebra 1
6-4 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials

To subtract polynomials, remember that


subtracting is the same as adding the
opposite. To find the opposite of a
polynomial, you must write the opposite
of each term in the polynomial:

–(2x3 – 3x + 7)= –2x3 + 3x – 7

Holt Algebra 1
6-4 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
Example 3A: Subtracting Polynomials

Subtract.
(x3 + 4y) – (2x3)
Rewrite subtraction as addition
(x3 + 4y) + (–2x3)
of the opposite.
(x3 + 4y) + (–2x3) Identify like terms.

(x3 – 2x3) + 4y Group like terms together.


–x3 + 4y Combine like terms.

Holt Algebra 1
6-4 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
Example 3B: Subtracting Polynomials

Subtract.

(7m4 – 2m2) – (5m4 – 5m2 + 8)

(7m4 – 2m2) + (–5m4 + 5m2 – 8) Rewrite subtraction as


addition of the opposite.
(7m4 – 2m2) + (–5m4 + 5m2 – 8) Identify like terms.

(7m4 – 5m4) + (–2m2 + 5m2) – 8 Group like terms together.

2m4 + 3m2 – 8 Combine like terms.


Holt Algebra 1
6-4 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
Example 3C: Subtracting Polynomials

Subtract.
(–10x2 – 3x + 7) – (x2 – 9)

(–10x2 – 3x + 7) + (–x2 + 9) Rewrite subtraction as


addition of the opposite.
(–10x2 – 3x + 7) + (–x2 + 9) Identify like terms.
–10x2 – 3x + 7 Use the vertical method.
–x2 + 0x + 9 Write 0x as a placeholder.
–11x2 – 3x + 16 Combine like terms.

Holt Algebra 1
6-4 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
Example 3D: Subtracting Polynomials

Subtract.
(9q2 – 3q) – (q2 – 5)

(9q2 – 3q) + (–q2 + 5) Rewrite subtraction as


addition of the opposite.
(9q2 – 3q) + (–q2 + 5) Identify like terms.
Use the vertical method.
9q2 – 3q + 0 Write 0 and 0q as
+ − q2 – 0q + 5 placeholders.
8q2 – 3q + 5
Combine like terms.

Holt Algebra 1
6-4 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
Check It Out! Example 3

Subtract.
(2x2 – 3x2 + 1) – (x2 + x + 1)

(2x2 – 3x2 + 1) + (–x2 – x – 1) Rewrite subtraction as


addition of the opposite.
(2x2 – 3x2 + 1) + (–x2 – x – 1) Identify like terms.

–x2 + 0x + 1 Use the vertical method.


+ –x2 – x – 1 Write 0x as a placeholder.
–2x2 – x Combine like terms.

Holt Algebra 1
6-4 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
Example 4: Application
A farmer must add the areas of two plots of
land to determine the amount of seed to
plant. The area of plot A can be represented
by 3x2 + 7x – 5 and the area of plot B can
be represented by 5x2 – 4x + 11. Write a
polynomial that represents the total area of
both plots of land.

(3x2 + 7x – 5) Plot A.
+ (5x2 – 4x + 11) Plot B.
8x2 + 3x + 6 Combine like terms.

Holt Algebra 1
6-4 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
Check It Out! Example 4
The profits of two different
manufacturing plants can
be modeled as shown,
where x is the number of
units produced at each
plant.
Use the information above to write a polynomial
that represents the total profits from both plants.

–0.03x2 + 25x – 1500 Eastern plant profit.


+ –0.02x2 + 21x – 1700 Southern plant profit.
–0.05x2 + 46x – 3200 Combine like terms.

Holt Algebra 1
6-4 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
Exit Ticket: Part I

Add or subtract.
1. (r2 + s2) – (5r2 + 4s2)

2. (2.5ab + 14b) – (–1.5ab + 4b)

3. A painter must add the areas of two walls to


determine the amount of paint needed. The area
of the first wall is modeled by 4x2 + 12x + 9, and
the area of the second wall is modeled by
36x2 – 12x + 1. Write a polynomial that
represents the total area of the two walls.

Holt Algebra 1

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