Journal of Physics: Conference Series

PAPER • OPEN ACCESS

Analysis of sound frequency exposure at growing phase of

Chrysanthemum Sp. (Case study: Exposure by Quran recitation)
To cite this article: L Chaidir et al 2019 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1402 055001

View the article online for updates and enhancements.

This content was downloaded from IP address 103.130.173.38 on 09/02/2021 at 15:04

4th Annual Applied Science and Engineering Conference IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1402 (2019) 055001 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1402/5/055001

Analysis of sound frequency exposure at growing phase of

Chrysanthemum Sp. (Case study: Exposure by Quran
recitation)

L Chaidir*, L Kamelia and A Rahman

Faculty of Sciences and Technology, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, Jalan A. H.
Nasution 105, Bandung - 40614, Indonesia

*libertychaidir@yahoo.com

Abstract. Sound wave technology or Sonic Bloom technology has long been applied to plants.
Sound waves affected the plants at different frequencies, sound pressure levels, presentation
periods, and distances from sound sources. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of
sound technology exposure on certain frequencies on the beginning of shoot growth, plantlet
height, leaf number, and stomata opening width. The experiment was conducted by comparing
chrysanthemum plants exposed to Quran recitation (Surah Al-Fatihah) at an average frequency
of 1237.8 Hz for 2 hours for 8 Weeks After Culture (WAC). The results showed that Quran
recitation and media interactions occurred in plantlets height after 4 WAC and leaf number after
8 WAC. The exposure of Quran recitation had affected on plantlet height after 2 WAC. The
treatment influenced the number of leaves after 4 WAC, and the number of roots after 6 WAC.
In testing the opening of the stomata, the leaves that given al-Fatihah recitation treatment, having
a stomata opening wider than the leaves that were not treated (control). This study is the
beginning of research to find the right frequency to stimulate growth in plants.

1. Introduction
Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum sp.) is a mainstay commodity in the horticulture industry which has
very bright market prospects. Flowers, which are known as one of the "King of Cut Flowers", are
increasingly in demand. In addition to the various shapes and types, the colour of the flowers is very
varied, with a combination of colours that are so beautiful. Chrysanthemum plants easily adapt to new
environments. Chrysanthemums can grow on various media, on the basis of these characteristics, the
growth of chrysanthemums in vitro will be able to provide maximum results when given the effect of
waves on plants grown in vitro in a short period of planting [1].
One important factor determining the success of the growth of in vitro culture is the media. Media in
vitro culture generally use materials with high purity levels. Media that is often used in in vitro culture
is Murashige & Skoog (MS) media, because it has completed essential salt elements compared to other
media. In addition, other media that are often used are leaf fertilizer, this medium is used as an alternative
to MS media [2].
Plant growth is influenced by the number of cell proliferation and elongation from cells [3].
Proliferation and prolongation of plant cells that continue to occur is very important for the production
of new organs, which will have a significant impact on overall plant growth. One factor that can affect
plant growth is sound waves. According to Yiyao et al. sound waves with certain frequencies and

Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution
of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd 1
4th Annual Applied Science and Engineering Conference IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1402 (2019) 055001 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1402/5/055001

intensities can have a positive effect on various plant biological indices including seed germination, root
lengthening, plant height, callus growth, cell cycle, signal transduction system, enzymatic and hormonal
activity, and expression genes [4].
Each plant specifically has the ability to respond to certain sound frequencies. Sound waves with
certain frequencies and intensities have been shown to have a significant effect on various biological,
biochemical, and physiological activities including gene expression in plants [4]. Increased productivity
using sonic bloom technology is influenced by the intensity of the length of exposure. The in vitro sonic
bloom study using al-Qur'an recitation surah al-Fatihah treatment was conducted by Hashim et al. [5].
The results showed that the cells proliferation based on the growth kinetic analysis is higher for the cells
exposed with Qur’anic recitation as compared to the Arabic poem and control groups.
Based on this background, it is expected that the treatment of exposure to the Murrotal al-Qur'an can
increase the growth of Chrysanthemum sp. in vitro. This is possible because it is based on the fact that
the Murrotal al-Qur'an with the frequency produced can stimulate cell prefoliation and cell elongation
so that it can accelerate the process of plant growth.
Sonic bloom is a technology that combines high frequency sound waves and organic nutrients,
proposed for better plant growth to rise its production. The research of Istirochah et al. aimed to
determine the effect of sound wave frequency and deficiency strain on stomatal opening, nutrient uptake
efficiency through leaf and soybean yield. The use of sonic bloom technology with plant exposure at a
frequency of 4 kHz could increase deficiency tolerance to 75% soil moisture content. Soybean seed
yield increased 40.89% and seed protein content increased 10.3% [6].
Since the discovery of sonic bloom technology, many researchers conducting research with a variety
of different frequencies and for different types of plants [7-10]. Mulyadi et al. examined the effect of
“Sonic Bloom” to the Acacia mangium Willd germination and seedling growth [11]. The results of the
research are the following : (1) The seed germination with “Sonic Bloom” provided of germination the
better percentages of 82%, than treatment without “Sonic Bloom”, i.e. only 34%; (2) With Sonic Bloom,
the height of 80-days old seedling is 129.6 cm higher than the plants without “Sonic Bloom” of only
90.7 cm; (3) the diameter of 80-days old seedling with “Sonic Bloom” is 0,24 cm higher than those
without “Sonic Bloom” having diameters of only 0.19 cm. The research concludes that sonic bloom
treatment is very useful for the seed germination and the growth of Acacia mangium Willd seedling.
Based on this description, this study was conducted to determine the differences in the effect of
exposure to Al-Qur'an recitation sound waves with plants that did not use recitation l-Qur'an sound
frequency on explants of Chrysanthemum sp in vitro. The Quran recitation is surah al-Fatihah (1237.8
Hz) read by Syeh Abdurahman al Ausy. The Surah is analysed first using the Adobe Audition
application to detect the frequency produced. The exposure that will be given is for 1-2 hours a day, so
that the vibrations produced can affect the work of the cell either on cell growth or on the opening of
stomata cells when the leaves grow, because the longer the sound exposure is done the faster the growth
will occur.

2. Research Experiment
The experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 2 factors,
namely the planting medium and the wave of Quran recitationl exposure.
1. The first factor is the recitation frequency with 2 levels, namely:
 b0 = No treatment
 b1 = Surah al-fatihah (frequency 1237.8 Hz)
2. The second factor is planting media with 3 levels, namely:
 a1 = 3 gr of leaf fertilizer
 a2 = MS0 (Murashige and Skoog media)
 a3 = 1/2 MS (half concentration of MS media)
The combination of media and Quran recitation sound waves can be seen in table 1.

2
4th Annual Applied Science and Engineering Conference IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1402 (2019) 055001 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1402/5/055001

Table 1. Treatment combination.

Planting media
MS0 𝟏 Hyponex
𝟐
MS
Control a1b0 a2b0 a3b0
Quran recitation a1b1 a2b1 a3b1

Culture plants were divided into 2 groups, namely control and Quran recitation. a1b0 means that
chrysanthemum is grown on leaf fertilizer media without the addition of al-Fateh reading. a2b0 means
the culture plant using half concentration of MS media and no recitation treatment. Segment a3b0 is a
plant cultured with hyponex media without sound treatment. Hyponex is a crystalline inorganic leaf
fertilizer commonly used in culture media. For segment in Quran recitation group, the different culture
media integrated with the application of Quran recitation.
Each treatment was repeated 4 times. So that the total culture observed was 24 experimental units.
Placement of the trial unit is done randomly.
The research is carried out in several stages, namely:
 Room sterilization
Room sterilization is done by cleaning the tissue culture laboratory room, such as sweeping dust,
mopping the floor using disinfectants and wiping the tools inside the tissue culture laboratory.
 Sterilization of Tools
Sterilization of tools includes planting tools (subcultures) and culture bottles. Sterilize planting tools
such as petri dishes, tweezers and scalps. The wrapped tools are then sterilized using autoclave at 121oC
for 1 hour.
 Media Making
Making the medium is done by mixing all the ingredients including MS 4.3 g, sugar 30 g, gelatine 7
g and aqua distillation. The medium mixture is then heated to boiling and put into a culture bottle of 20
ml each. The medium bottle is then sterilized using autoclave at 121oC for 30 minutes.
 Sterilization of Laminar Air Flow (LAF)
LAF sterilization is done by spraying alcohol in LAF then the inside of LAF is wiped to clean. LAF
is then closed and UV turned on for 24 hours before planting or at least 1 hour before planting.
 Planting (Subculture)
The subculture is carried out by removing the plantlets and stored in a petri dish. The plantlets used
are 30 days weeks after planting (WAP), originating from the Ornamental Plant Hall, Cipanas, Cianjur.
The plantlets are then cut using a scaple and then planted into a medium bottle prepared. The part of the
plantlets used as explants is 2 stem segments without leaves. In order for the planting process to be in a
sterile condition, the mouth of the bottle is burned after opening or closing. Tweezers and scalpels are
dipped in bottles containing alcohol and burned before use. Petri dishes are always kept closed when
not in use.
 Analysing Quran Recitation
Analysing Qur'an surah al-Fatihah using the adobe audition application. Adobe audition is a
multitrack digital audio recording, editor and mixer that is easy to use and has a variety of sound
processing facilities.
 Play recordings
Before performing the recording as a treatment, the explants are already wrapped in a closed box,
this is so that the rotated waves are effective in reducing noise (noise) that is not needed. The presentation
was carried out for 2 hours at 10:30 WIB.
 Maintenance
Maintenance activities are carried out by maintaining the cleanliness and temperature of the room.
The room temperature is between 27 ° -29 ° with humidity of 70% and the humidity in the bottle is
around 90%. Spraying 70% alcohol into bottles containing explant samples so that the bottle is in a

3
4th Annual Applied Science and Engineering Conference IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1402 (2019) 055001 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1402/5/055001

sterile state. Contaminated bottles are immediately removed from the incubation room and then re-
sterilized.
 Observations
Observations were carried out according to the parameters of the observations discussed in the
response plan.

3. Discussion
Temperature is one of the determinants of explant growth in tissue culture processes. According to
George and Sherrington, temperatures suitable for explant growth ranged from 24-32ºC, with the
optimum temperature for 35 culture plants was 25-28ºC [12]. Temperatures in the laboratory range from
23.5-26.5 ºC with an average of around 25ºC per day. Temperature in the incubation room even though
it needs to be kept stable and optimally in the recommended temperature range. According to Basri, the
temperature of the culture room below the optimum temperature will make explant growth and
development slower, as well as when the culture room temperature is above 30o optimum temperatures,
this will make explant growth slow due to high respiration rate [11,13].
Radiation in the incubation room uses white fluorescent lamps with 4000-5000 lux light for 16 hours
/ day. Radiation in tissue culture needs to be done, because light is an environmental factor needed for
the growth and development of plants related to the photosynthetic process of plants [12].
Based on observations it can be seen that all explants planted on the media are able to produce new
shoots. Al-Fatihah recitation and MS0 (a1b1) treatment is able to bring up the fastest shoots, namely at 4
weeks after culture (WAC). This is thought to be caused by the interaction between Quran recitation
sound waves and the media capable of stimulating cell division so that it can accelerate the growth of
shoots. This is in accordance with what was said by Yiyao, states that sound waves with the right
intensity and frequency are known to be able to stimulate cell growth in some plants [4]. The results of
the variance analysis showed that there was an interaction between the planting media and the Qur'an at
observations of 4 WAC, while the independent effect of planting media was observed at 8 WAC and
the effect of independent recitation was observed on observation 2 WAC, 4 WAC, 6 WAC, and 8 WAC.
In the media treatment, treatment a1 (MS0) on observations of 6 MSK with an average number of
12.9 cm and 8 WAC with an average amount of 25.4 cm, was the best treatment and optimally for
plantlet height. MS0 is the best medium compared to 1/2 MS and leaf fertilizer, this is because the
composition of the salt content in MS0 is suitable for the needs of morphogenesis, meristem culture, and
plant regeneration [2].
In the recitation treatment, the observations of 2 WAC, 4 WAC, 6 WAC, and 8 WAC treatments
were best shown by b1 (frequency Al-Fatihah rate is 1237.8 Hz). There were significant results between
plantlets who were given recitation treatment with those not given treatment. The average explant height
of each MSK has a significant effect. These results can prove that the recitation effect on plantlets can
affect the growth velocity of plantlets. This is due to the stimulation of sound waves presented, so that
it has a significant effect on various biological, biochemical, and physiological activities including gene
expression in plants.
Based on the testing, at 8 WAC there was an interaction between media and means. In the table above
the best treatment is shown by treatment a1b1 (MS0 and surah al-Fatihah frequency at 1237.8 Hz). These
results indicate an interaction between MS0 and surah Al-Fatihah. Interactions that occur between media
with recitation sound waves due to the emitted waves affect the process of cell division to be faster in
leaf formation at the initiation stage, so that the leaf formation process runs faster.
In sonic bloom technology, the stomata will be stimulated to open wider by the waves emitted. So
that this can have an influence on the process of metabolism that occurs. The observations that have
been carried out; the leaves of each treatment are prepared. The leaves are sliced transversely and then
stored in a preparation to be seen on a microscope, the results obtained as shown at figure 1.

4
4th Annual Applied Science and Engineering Conference IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1402 (2019) 055001 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1402/5/055001

(a) (b)
Figure 1. (a) Opening of the murottal treatment stomata surah al-Fatihah
1237.8 Hz. (b) Stomata opening for no treatment.

In the results of the above observations it can be seen that there is a difference in widening the opening
of the stomata. In the leaves given Quran recitation treatment, the stomata is opened wider than the
leaves that are not treated. This technology is an organic and environmentally friendly technology that
can stimulate leaf mouth (stomata) to remain open during photosynthesis so that it can increase the rate
and efficiency of absorption of nutrients that are beneficial to plants, or by other words improve
photosynthetic efficiency and end photosynthesis to increase production with good quality [14].

4. Conclusion
In this research, the interaction between Quran recitation and the best and most effective growing media
for the growth of chrysanthemum plants was shown by the treatment of MS0 and Surah al-Fatihah
(frequency 1237.8 Hz). There was a significant difference in response (height, number of leaves, number
of roots, and stomata widening) of chrysanthemum explants which were significant between samples
given Quran recitation treatment compared to no treatment samples.

Acknowledgments
The publication process of the research supported by Research and Publication Centre UIN Sunan
Gunung Djati Bandung and the Ministry of Religious Affairs, Republic of Indonesia.

References
[1] Kofranek A M 1980 Cut Chrysanthemum: Introduction to Floriculture (Larson RA (Ed.).
Academic) pp 5-43
[2] Gamborg O L, J P Shyluk 1981 Nutrition, Media and Characteristic of plant Cell and Tissue
Culture (Academic Press New York)
[3] Lestard, Natalia dos rei, Valente R C, lopes A G, Capella M A M 2013 Direct effects of musik in
non-auditory cells in culture (Brazil: Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho Rio de
Jenairo)
[4] Yiyao, L., Wang, B., Xuefeng, L., Chuanren, D. and Sakanishi, A. 2002. Effects of sound field
on the growth of Chrysanthemum callus Colloid. Surface 24 p. 321-326
[5] Hashim L, Sha’ban M, Rahmat S and Zainuddin Z I 2016 Identifying the Potential of Qur’anic
Recitation on the Proliferation of Chondrocytes Derived from Rabbit Articular Cartilage:
Work in Progress The International Medical Journal Malaysia 17 Special Issue 1 p. 159-165
[6] Istirochah Pujiwati, Bambang Guritno, Nurul Aini and Setyawan P. Sakti 2018 Examining Use
of Sonic Bloom Technology on the Stomata Opening of Drought-Stressed Soybean
Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia 15 (4), p. 861-869
[7] Yi, J., Bochu, W., Xiujuan, W., Daohong, W., Chuanren, D., Toyama, Y. and Sakanishi, A. 2003
Effect of sound wave on the metabolism of chrysanthemum roots Colloid Surface 29 p.115-
118

5
4th Annual Applied Science and Engineering Conference IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1402 (2019) 055001 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1402/5/055001

[8] Wang B C Chen X, Wang Z, Fu Q Z, Zhou H, Ran L 2003 Biological effect of sound field
stimulation on paddy rice seeds Colloids 32 p 29-34
[9] Qi L, Teng G, Hou T, Zhu B, Liu X 2010 Influence of sound wave stimulation on the growth of
strawberry in sunlight greenhouse AICT 317 pp 449-454
[10] Mulyadi A T, Poppy Mairani, Ade Sunanda 2005 The Effect of Sonic Bloom Fertilizing
Technology On The Seed Germination And Growth Of Acacia Mangium Willd Seedling
Journal of Tropical Forest Management 11 (1)
[11] Allen N J, Meyer J P 2007 The Measurement and Antecedents of Affective, Continuance and
Normative Commitment to the Organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology 63 pp 1-18
[12] George E F, Sherrington P D 1984 Plant Propagatin by Tissue Culture. Handbook and
Directionary of Commersial Laboratories (Exegetic Ltd England)
[13] Sulaiman S A, Inayat M, Basri H, Guangul F M, Atnaw S M 2016 Effect of blending ratio on
temperature profile and syngas composition of woody biomass co-gasification Journal of
Mechanical Engineering and Sciences Sep 1 10(2) pp 2176-86
[14] Young L, Leonhard K, Tatsuta T, Trowsdale J, Langer T 2001 Role of the ABC Transporte Mdl1
in Peptide Export from Mitochondria Science 291 (5511) pp 2135-2138