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Principles of Demography: Sean Steven Puleh Dept. of Public Health Lira University

This document provides an introduction to principles of demography. It outlines the learning objectives of explaining key definitions, sources of demographic data, and relating demography to public health issues. The instructor defines demography as the scientific study of human populations and their size, structure, distribution and changes over time. Examples are given of how everyone experiences birth and death, and most marriage and childrearing. The relevance of demography to modern issues like population growth, resource scarcity, and environment is discussed. Sources of demographic data like censuses and surveys are also introduced along with their advantages and disadvantages.

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60 views22 pages

Principles of Demography: Sean Steven Puleh Dept. of Public Health Lira University

This document provides an introduction to principles of demography. It outlines the learning objectives of explaining key definitions, sources of demographic data, and relating demography to public health issues. The instructor defines demography as the scientific study of human populations and their size, structure, distribution and changes over time. Examples are given of how everyone experiences birth and death, and most marriage and childrearing. The relevance of demography to modern issues like population growth, resource scarcity, and environment is discussed. Sources of demographic data like censuses and surveys are also introduced along with their advantages and disadvantages.

Uploaded by

MOSES
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Principles of

demography

Sean Steven Puleh


Dept. of Public Health
Lira University

1
Presentation outline

Introduction to the
course
Sources of data
References

2
Learning objectives for the session

Explain the definitions and history of


demography
Explain different sources of data for demo
analysis and advantages & disadvs of each

3
Introduction to the course

What are the learning


objectives?
What is demography

4
Introduction: Learning
objectives for the course
Articulate the basic concepts of demography
Explain the inter-link between demography and
public health
Compute basic measures of mortality, fertility and
migration
Explain estimates, projections and demographic
indices of mortality, fertility and migration
Explain factors associated with population
structure, composition and changes
Explain the country’s population policies and their
impact 5
Introduction
What is demography?
 Scientific study of human populations
 Size, structure, distribution, characteristics &
change with time. What causes these
changes?

 Term first used by Achille Guillard in 1855 in


his book Éléments de Statistique Humaine ou
Démographie Comparée.

6
Demography is concerned with virtually
everything that influences, or can be
influenced by
 population size,
 distribution,

 process, structure or characteristics.

Worldwide issues are really the sum of


millions, indeed billions, of individual
decisions and personal events, 7
Example
Everyone experiences at least two of the basic
demographic processes
 they are born & and they die

In between, most will have children of their own;

and some will migrate, at least once.

In addition, there chances that you will marry,


have children, and divorce.
8
Introduction cont’d
Malthus
 Geometric increase in
population while food
production increases in
arithmetic ratio

9
Thomas Robert Malthus
(1766-1834)
He was a demographer, teacher and economist. In an essay
on principle of population in 1798 he wrote:
“Population, when unchecked, increases in a geometrical
ratio.
Subsistence only increases in an arithmetic
ratio.”

Geometric – 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32
Arithmetic – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
10
Introduction: Malthus cont‘d
70
60
50
Millions

40
30
20
10
0
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th
Generation

Food production Population size


11
Introduction

Why do we need the course?


Why should a public health expert be
concerned about population increase,
decrease and distribution?
Does the current urbanization have any thing
to do with demography and public health?
What of influx of Karamojongs in urban
areas?
Encroachment on wetlands? Piles of garbage
in the city?
12
Is Demography relevant in
modern times?

Every person brought into the world need food,


clothing, shelter, care etc
More than a half a billion face water scarcity in
the world
2-3 billion dont have sufficient water
Sickness and health
Pollution is taking its toll
13
Introduction-Relevance to
modern times

“If current predictions of population growth


prove accurate and patterns of human activity
on the planet remain unchanged, science and
technology may not be able to prevent
irreversible degradation of the natural
environment and continued poverty for much
of the world.” Population Summit of the
World’s Scientific Academies
New Delhi,1993

14
Relevance of demography
“Lowering fertility leads to
 slower population growth,
 allowing more time for coping with the adverse
effects of that growth,
 and easing stress on the environment.”

Population in Sustainable Development July 2002

15
Uganda compared to UK
Nearly 36 million for a size of 240,000
sqkm of country nearly the same as UK
minus Northern Ireland.

UK has 62million but GDP per capita-


37,400, exported US$469 billion worth of
goods in 2008

16
Comparison UK and Uganda

Popn growth by 2009-


3.3%, poverty 31%,
exported 3 billion but
imported 4 billion

17
Sources of data
Census
 Advs: accuracy, small area statistics
 Disadvs: Long intercensal periods, expensive

Sample Surveys
 Advs: Cheaper, current period
 Disadv: sampling errors

Accumulated data

18
Assignment
1. What unique qualities does the course bring
into the public health program? A discussion
question. One/two paragraphs

2. There are claims that Uganda’s population will


reach 100m by 2050. Explain the impact this
will have on public health

19
assignment
3.Describe how the following may
have a positive impact on public
health in Lira town. Give details
examples, references
 i. Migration-internal and external
 ii. Fertility control

20
References
Many internet sources
 Government of Uganda. 2002. Uganda country report for the fourth meeting of the follow-up committee
on the implementation of the DND and ICPD-PA. UNECA.http://www.uneca.org/POPIA/Peda/Uganda.doc,
1-12-2005
 The following website may be useful:
 http://www.econlib.org/library/Malthus/malPop.html

 http://sociology.tamu.edu/poston/soci-312/lec1-pp.ppt#263,14,Formal Demography

 http://www.euromise.org/download/epiman.doc

 http://www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/pubhealth/modules/demography/populationRates.html

 http://www.ubos.org/2004StatAbstract.pdf

 http://www.uneca.org/adf2000/peda.htm

 http://www.prb.org/Content/NavigationMenu/PRB/Educators/LessonPlans/Population_Fundamentals%E2
%80%94Building_a_Foundation/How_to_Use_MS_Excel_to_Make_an_Age-Sex_Graph.htm

 http://homepages.westminster.org.uk/webgeography/word_excel/pyr.htm
Berry, J. & Harrison, J. A guide to statistical methods for injury surveillance. Injury technical
paper series number 5.[AIHW cat. no INJCAT 72]. 2005. Adelaide: AIHW. 1-10-2005.
See the notes

21
THANK YOU !

22

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