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Lesson 9 TCW Report

Demography is the study of human populations and involves integrating social science data. Family size preferences vary between rural and urban populations, with rural families viewing more children as investments and urban families preferring fewer children. While some have warned of overpopulation leading to food shortages, others argue that population growth can boost economies if coupled with inclusive economic growth and investment in agriculture. To sustainably feed a growing global population projected to reach 9.5 billion by 2050, food production will need to increase substantially through agricultural investments, policies, and research.

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251 views14 pages

Lesson 9 TCW Report

Demography is the study of human populations and involves integrating social science data. Family size preferences vary between rural and urban populations, with rural families viewing more children as investments and urban families preferring fewer children. While some have warned of overpopulation leading to food shortages, others argue that population growth can boost economies if coupled with inclusive economic growth and investment in agriculture. To sustainably feed a growing global population projected to reach 9.5 billion by 2050, food production will need to increase substantially through agricultural investments, policies, and research.

Uploaded by

Mirage Lee
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LESSON 9:

GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY
Group 9
What is demography?

• Demography – is a complex discipline that requires the integration


of carious social scientific data.
• Will a child be an economic asset or burden to the family?
• Farm & small by – the – street corner enterprises – more children
the better it will be
• Urbanized, professional and educated families – desire just one or
two progenies because they are committed with their respective
professions and has sights of long – term savings plans
• Rural Families – view multiple children and large kinship networks
as CRITICAL INVESTMENTS
• - regions that rely on agriculture tend to maintain high levels of
population growth
• 1980 UN report – “these areas contained 85% of the wold rural
population in 1975 and are projected to contain 90 % by the end of 20th
century “
• – global agricultural population ( GAP ) DECLINED from 50% (1980) to 37
% (2011) of world’s total population
• “Nourishing the Planet” – a blog site that stated that GAP raised from
2.2 billion (1980) to 2.6 billion (2011)
• Migration – one of the reasons why urban population raised
• - by the 21st century, the world has been 44% URBAN, for developed
countries are 52% to 75%
• International Migration – also a reason for the increase of urban
population
• -191 million people live in countries other than their own
• UN – projected that 2.2 million will move from the developing
world to the first world countries
PERILS OF OVEPOPULATION

• Thomas Malthus – who warned in his 1798 “An Essay on the


Principle of Population “ that population growth will inevitably
exhaust WORLD FOOD SUPPLY
• Paul R. Ehrlich & Anne Ehrlich – wrote The Population Bomb in
1960
• The Population Bomb – argued overpopulation in the 1970s and
1980s will bring about global environmental disasters that would
lead to FOOD SHORTAGE and MASS STARVATION
RECOMMENDATIONS OF U.S. IN GLOBAL
POPULATION CONTROL

• 1. Bizarre – chemical castration


• 2. Policy – Oriented – taxing an additional child and luxury taxes on
child – related products
• 3. Monetary Incentives – paying off men who would agree to be
sterilized after 2 children
• 4. Institution – Building – a powerful Deparment off Population
Environment
• 1.8 % - 2.06% - growth rate from 1955 to 1975
• Philippines, China and India – in mid – 20th century sought to lower birth rates.
• Widespread Poverty, Mass Hunger, and Political Instablity – results of overpopulation
• Foreign Affairs – 1958 American Policy Journal that advocated “contraception and
sterilization”
• May 2009 – American Billionaires warned of how a “nightmarish” explosion of people
can result to ENVIRONEMNTAL, SOCIAL AND INTRUSTRIAL threat
• Puerto Rico – Reproductive health supporters regard their work as the task of
transforming their “poor country” into modern nation
• - Governments determine “birth – control “ programs
• Irresponsible Fecundity – Egyptias’ reason for run on in population growth
• Libidinal Tendencies – Iranian’s reason for population growth
• India – from 1920 onwards, the Indian Government “ Marked lower
castes, working poor, and Muslims as hypersexual and hyper
fecund
• China – sterilization for those violators of one – child policy
• Vietnam and Mexico – conducted coervice mass sterilization
IT’S THE ECONOMY NOT THE BABIES

• Betsy Hartmann – disagrees with the advocates of neo – Malthusian theory and
accused governments of using population control
• - Many pointed that growth in population of many countries in 1960s aided
economic development
• - there is a shift in population ( from rural to urban areas ) - 52% TO 75 % in
developing world
• Median Age – 29 .4 years (Females) , 30.9 (males) in the cities means a young
working population
• - There are some assumptions that having a baby boom, can mean that there
will be more workers per dependents and production will increase relative to
consumption – GDP then will receive a boost.
• East Asia – productive capacities of this generation are high
• Infant Mortality – 183 to 34 per 1000 births between 1950 and 2000
• Fertility Rate – 2 to 6 children per woman
• - this both decrease and increase in mortality and fertility rate,
resulted to a baby – boom generation
• - Growth of working – age population grew nearly four times faster
than the dependent population
• Green Revolution – create high – yielding varieties of rice and
other cereals.
• - in 1950 to 1984, global grain production increased by over 250 %
• - If governments push through birth control programs they must
also include inclusive growth and greener economic growth
POPULATION GROWTH AND FOOD SECURITY

• World Population – 7.4 Billion (today ), predicted to be 9.5 Billion


(2050), 11.2 billion (2100)
• Median Age – 30.1(overall), 29.4 (Male), 30.9 (Female)
• - 90% of population growth will happen in the developing countries
• - In developed countries, population is stable in general
• - In most advanced countries, population is declining (Singapore
and Japan)
• - by 2050 the population will stabilize at 9 billion
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

• Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) – warns that in order for countries to
mitigate impact of population growth, food production must increase by 70%
• 1. Annual Cereal production – must rise to 3 billion tons from 2.1 billion tons
• 2. Annual Meat Production – must rise 470 million tons from 200 million tons
• - FAO recommends that countries increase their investments in
AGRICULTURE, craft LONG –TERM POLICIES, and RESEARCH and DEVELOPMENT
• - FAO suggests that governments must keep their markets open

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