Name:

Date:

P5 - Test 6
FORCES
Advanced

GCSE Mark Grade

PHYSICS
AQA - Triple Science
Materials
For this paper  you must have:
Ruler
Pencil and Rubber
Scientific calculator, which you are expected to use when appropriate

Instructions
Answer all questions
Answer questions in the space provided
All working must be shown

Information
The marks for the questions are shown in brackets

www.examqa.com
www.examqa.com
 Figure 1 shows a boat floating on the sea. The boat is stationary.
1.
Figure 1

(a)  Figure 2 shows part of the free body diagram for the boat.

Complete the free body diagram for the boat.

Figure 2

(2)

www.examqa.com Page 1 of 27
(b)  Calculate the mass of the boat.

Use the information given in Figure 2.

gravitational field strength = 9.8 N/kg

Give your answer to two significant figures.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Mass = _____________________ kg
(4)

(c)  When the boat propeller pushes water backwards, the boat moves forwards.
The force on the water causes an equal and opposite force to act on the boat.

Which law is this an example of?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(d)  Figure 3 shows the boat towing a small dinghy.

Figure 3

The tension force in the tow rope causes a horizontal force forwards and a vertical force
upwards on the dinghy.

horizontal force forwards = 150 N

vertical force upwards  = 50 N

www.examqa.com Page 2 of 27
Figure 4 shows a grid.

Draw a vector diagram to determine the magnitude of the tension force in the tow rope and
the direction of the force this causes on the dinghy.

Figure 4

Magnitude of the tension force in the tow rope = _____________________ N

Direction of the force on the dinghy caused

by the tension force in the tow rope   = _______________________
(4)
(Total 11 marks)

www.examqa.com Page 3 of 27
 The stopping distance of a car is the sum of the thinking distance and the braking distance.
2.
The table below shows how the thinking distance and braking distance vary with speed.

Speed Thinking distance Braking distance

in m/s in m in m

10 6 6.0

15 9 13.5

20 12 24.0

25 15 37.5

30 18 54.0

(a) What is meant by the braking distance of a vehicle?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) The data in the table above refers to a car in good mechanical condition driven by an alert
driver.

Explain why the stopping distance of the car increases if the driver is very tired.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

www.examqa.com Page 4 of 27
(c) A student looks at the data in the table above and writes the following:

thinking distance ∝ speed

braking distance ∝ speed

Explain whether the student is correct.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(d) Applying the brakes with too much force can cause a car to skid.

The distance a car skids before stopping depends on the friction between the road surface
and the car tyres and also the speed of the car.

Friction can be investigated by pulling a device called a ‘sled’ across a surface at constant
speed.

The figure below shows a sled being pulled correctly and incorrectly across a surface.

The constant of friction for the surface is calculated from the value of the force pulling the
sled and the weight of the sled.

Why is it important that the sled is pulled at a constant speed?

Tick one box.

If the sled accelerates it will be difficult to control.

If the sled accelerates the value for the constant of friction

will be wrong.

If the sled accelerates the normal contact force will change.

(1)

www.examqa.com Page 5 of 27
(e) If the sled is pulled at an angle to the surface the value calculated for the constant of
friction would not be appropriate.

Explain why.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(f) By measuring the length of the skid marks, an accident investigator determines that the
distance a car travelled between the brakes being applied and stopping was 22 m.

The investigator used a sled to determine the friction. The investigator then calculated that
the car decelerated at 7.2 m/s2.

Calculate the speed of the car just before the brakes were applied.

Give your answer to two significant figures.

Use the correct equation from the Physics Equation Sheet.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Speed = __________________________ m/s

(3)
(Total 11 marks)

www.examqa.com Page 6 of 27
 Figure 1 shows how atmospheric pressure varies with altitude.
3.
Figure 1

(a) Explain why atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing altitude.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)

www.examqa.com Page 7 of 27
(b) When flying, the pressure inside the cabin of an aircraft is kept at 70 kPa.

The aircraft window has an area of 810 cm2.

Use data from Figure 1 to calculate the resultant force acting on an aircraft window when
the aircraft is flying at an altitude of 12 km.

Give your answer to two significant figures

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Resultant force = ___________________ N

(5)

(c) Figure 2 shows the cross-section of one type of aircraft window.

Figure 2

Explain why the window has been designed to have this shape.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 10 marks)

www.examqa.com Page 8 of 27
 When two objects interact, they exert forces on each other.
4.
(a) Which statement about the forces is correct?

Tick (✓) one box.

✓)
Tick (✓

The forces are equal in size and act in the same direction.

The forces are unequal in size and act in the same direction.

The forces are equal in size and act in opposite directions.

The forces are unequal in size and act in opposite directions.

(1)

(b) A fisherman pulls a boat towards land.

The forces acting on the boat are shown in Diagram 1.

The fisherman exerts a force of 300 N on the boat.

The sea exerts a resistive force of 250 N on the boat.

Diagram 1

(i) Describe the motion of the boat.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(2)

www.examqa.com Page 9 of 27
(ii) When the boat reaches land, the resistive force increases to 300 N.
The fisherman continues to exert a force of 300 N.

Describe the motion of the boat.

Tick (✓) one box.

Accelerating to the right

Constant velocity to the right

Stationary

(1)

(iii) Explain your answer to part (b)(ii).

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(2)

(iv) Another fisherman comes to help pull the boat. Each fisherman pulls with a force of
300 N, as shown in Diagram 2.

Diagram 2 is drawn to scale.

Add to Diagram 2 to show the single force that has the same effect as the two 300 N
forces.

Determine the value of this resultant force.

Diagram 2

Resultant force = __________________ N

(4)
(Total 10 marks)

www.examqa.com Page 10 of 27
 (a) In any collision, the total momentum of the colliding objects is usually conserved.
5.
(i) What is meant by the term ‘momentum is conserved’?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(ii) In a collision, momentum is not always conserved.

Why?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) The diagram shows a car and a van, just before and just after the car collided with the van.

(i) Use the information in the diagram to calculate the change in the momentum of the
car.

Show clearly how you work out your answer and give the unit.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Change in momentum = _________________________

(3)

www.examqa.com Page 11 of 27
 (ii) Use the idea of conservation of momentum to calculate the velocity of the van when it
is pushed forward by the collision.

Show clearly how you work out your answer.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Velocity = _________________________ m/s forward

(2)
(Total 7 marks)

Forces have different effects.

6.
(a) (i) Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence.

slowing stretching turning

The moment of a force is the ________________________________ effect of the

force.
(1)

(ii) What is meant by the centre of mass of an object?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) Some children build a see-saw using a plank of wood and a pivot.
The centre of mass of the plank is above the pivot.

Figure 1 shows a boy sitting on the see-saw. His weight is 400 N.

Figure 1

www.examqa.com Page 12 of 27
 Calculate the anticlockwise moment of the boy in Nm.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Anticlockwise moment = ____________________ Nm

(2)

(c) Figure 2 shows a girl sitting at the opposite end of the see-saw. Her weight is 300 N.

Figure 2

The see-saw is now balanced.

The children move the plank. Its centre of mass, M, is now 0.25 m from the pivot as shown
in Figure 3.

Figure 3

www.examqa.com Page 13 of 27
 The boy and girl sit on the see-saw as shown in Figure 3.

(i) Describe and explain the rotation of the see-saw.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(3)

(ii) The boy gets off the see-saw and a bigger boy gets on it in the same place. The girl
stays in the position shown in Figure 3. The plank is balanced. The weight of the
plank is 270 N.

Calculate the weight of the bigger boy.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Weight of the bigger boy = ____________________ N

(3)
(Total 10 marks)

Quantities in physics are either scalars or vectors.

7.
(a) Use the correct answers from the box to complete the sentence.

acceleration direction distance speed time

Velocity is __________________________ in a given ________________ .

(2)

www.examqa.com Page 14 of 27
(b) Complete the table to show which quantities are scalars and which quantities are vectors.

Put one tick ( ) in each row.

The first row has been completed for you.

Quantity Scalar Vector

Momentum

Acceleration

Distance

Force

Time

(3)

(c) The diagram shows two supermarket trolleys moving in the same direction.

Trolley A is full of shopping, has a total mass of 8 kg and is moving at a velocity of 2 m / s

with a kinetic energy of 16 J.

Trolley B is empty, has a mass of 4 kg and is moving at a velocity of 0.5 m / s with a kinetic
energy of 0.5 J.

(i) Calculate the momentum of both trolley A and trolley B.

Give the unit.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Momentum of trolley A = _______________

Momentum of trolley B = _______________

Unit __________
(4)

www.examqa.com Page 15 of 27
(ii) The trolleys in the diagram collide and join together. They move off together.

Calculate the velocity with which they move off together.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Velocity = _______________ m / s
(3)

(iii) In a different situation, the trolleys in the digram move at the same speeds as before
but now move towards each other.

Calculate the total momentum and the total kinetic energy of the two trolleys before
they collide.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Total momentum = _________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Total kinetic energy = _______________ J

(2)
(Total 14 marks)

www.examqa.com Page 16 of 27
 (a) Figure 1 shows the forces acting on a model air-powered rocket just after it has been
8. launched vertically upwards.

(i) How does the velocity of the rocket change as the rocket moves upwards?

______________________________________________________________

Give a reason for your answer.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(2)

(ii) The velocity of the rocket is not the same as the speed of the rocket.

What is the difference between the velocity of an object and the speed of an object?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(1)

www.examqa.com Page 17 of 27
(b) The speed of the rocket just after being launched is 12 m / s.
The mass of the rocket is 0.05 kg.

(i) Calculate the kinetic energy of the rocket just after being launched.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Kinetic energy = _____________________ J

(2)

(ii) As the rocket moves upwards, it gains gravitational potential energy.

State the maximum gravitational potential energy gained by the rocket.

Ignore the effect of air resistance.

Maximum gravitational potential energy = _____________________ J

(1)

(iii) Calculate the maximum height the rocket will reach.

Ignore the effect of air resistance.

Gravitational field strength = 10 N/kg.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Maximum height = _____________________ m

(2)

(iv) Figure 2 shows four velocity−time graphs.

www.examqa.com Page 18 of 27
 Taking air resistance into account, which graph, A, B, C or D, shows how the velocity
of the rocket changes as it falls from the maximum height it reached until it just hits
the ground?

Write the correct answer in the box.

(1)

(c) The rocket can be launched at different angles to the horizontal.

The horizontal distance the rocket travels is called the range.

Figure 3 shows the paths taken by the rocket when launched at different angles.
Air resistance has been ignored.

What pattern links the angle at which the rocket is launched and the range of the rocket?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 11 marks)

www.examqa.com Page 19 of 27