AQA= (( Please write clearly in block capitals. Centre number Candidate number Surname Forename(s) Candidate signature declare this is my own work. GCSE PHYSICS Higher Tier Paper 1 Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes Materials For this paper you must have: + aruler * a scientific calculator + the Physics Equations Sheet (enclosed) Instructions ‘+ Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Pencil should only be used for drawing + Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. ‘+ Answer all questions in the spaces provided. ‘+ Do not write outside the box around each page or on blank pages. * Ifyou need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of this book. Write the question number against your answer(s).. * Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. + Inall calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer. Information ‘+ The maximum mark for this paper is 100. ‘+ The marks for questions are shown in brackets. + You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate, + You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. JUN2184637H01 ranisun2ness For Examiner's Use Question | Mark 1 i EEEEEELEE 8463/1HThere are no questions printed on this page DO NOT WRITE/ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE/SPACES PROVIDED rexnuuunaneasate Do not woe ‘utd he tor‘Answer all questions in the spaces provided. ol4 Figure 1 shows an electric car being recharged. Figure 1 Charging station Power cable [4 ].[4] The charging station applies a direct potential difference across the battery of the car. What does ‘direct potential difference’ mean? [1 mark] Ac (pe L> Pole my Use yc no ts T __ \ —= se Ss Question 1 continues on the next page Los IM ee o3 venunase4sare ‘ute the boxof 4).[2 of4).[3 Which equation links energy transferred (E), power (P) and time (t)? onsite tho Tick (Vv) one box. power transferred = energy transferred = = time energy transferred = power energy transferred = power x time energy transferred = power? x time The battery in the electric car can store 162 000 000 J of energy. The charging station has a power output of 7200 W. Calculate the time taken to fully recharge the battery from zero. Fz ?xt tor > SOR S| Oneige oyeeryy - 5 p xt7€ [3 marks] o4 rexnuuunaneasate0[1].[4] Which equation links current (1), potential difference (V) and resistance (R)? ote [1 mark] Tick (V) one box. I=VxR T=V?xR ReIxv VsIxR 0[1].[5] The potential difference across the battery is 480 V. There is a current of 15 A in the circuit connecting the battery to the motor of the electric car. Calculate the resistance of the motor. — [3 marks] V=I2 Resistance = Qa Question 1 continues on the next page IN ve o5 IBM /dun21/8469/1H01 4].[6] Different charging systems use different electrical currents. ext e ‘+ Charging system A has a current of 13 A. ‘+ Charging system B has a current of 26 A. + The potential difference of both charging systems is 230 V. How does the time taken to recharge a battery using charging system A compare with the time taken using charging system B? [1 mark] Tick (7) one box. ‘Time taken using system A is half the time of system B Time taken using system A is the same as system B. Time taken using system A is double the time of system B LA} 10 «= »@,= 228 (oo v L rexnuuunaneasate 06Turn over for the next question DO NOT WRITE /ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE/SPACES PROVIDED Turn over > remounaredeares boxo[2 Energy from the Sun is released by nuclear fusion 0[2].[1] Complete the sentences. [2 marks] Nuclear fusion is the joining together of __() Vclea During nuclear fusion fusion the total mass of the particles J \ZA N~é 2) a < Ee © + = = & % ers 0] 2].[2] Nuclear fusion of deuterium is difficult to achieve on Earth because of the high temperature needed. m ih 12k Electricity is used to increase the temperature of 4.0 g of deuterium by 50 000 000 °C. specific heat capacity of deuterium = 5200 Jikg °C. Calculate the energy needed to increase the temperature of the deuterium by 50 000 000 °C. Use the Physics Equation Sheet [3 marks] E= Me b? ~~ a == 0. Oy Y SLY XS — = ole nod Energy = J o8 rexnuuunaneasate ‘utd he tor0] 2|.[3] The idea of obtaining power from nuclear fusion was investigated using models. “ The models were tested before starting to build the first commercial nuclear fusion power station. ‘Suggest two reasons why models were tested, 1 Acadia, [2 marks] 2 —_ Sobdy ‘Sly 0[2].[4] Generating electrici 1g nuclear fusion will have fewer environmental effects than generating electricity using fossil fuels. Explain one environmental effect of generating electricity using fossil fuels. [2 marks] Turn over for the next question Turn over > remouraredeate 0910 0/3 ‘Student A investigated how the current in resistor Rat const erature varied with the potential difference across the resistor. —O \n, t ws \ On Student A recorded both positive and negative values of current. Figure 2 shows the circuit Student A used Figure 2 0[3].[4] Describe a method that Student A could use for this investigation [6 marks] Vew =? = > | SR rere A Ane ASV eT a r vd > nore G's / Coley ‘utd he tor ea \o (esp ck (prd\enke yore | Lact = Py Bower Satan, = Raywe Cone a WO \ rr 10 rexnuuunaneasate" ‘ute the box 0[3].[2] Student B repeated the investigation, During Student B's investigation the temperature of resistor R increased. Explain how the increased temperature of resistor R would have affected Student B's results. [2 marks] Question 3 continues on the next page IM ee 11 remouraredeate12 Figure 3 shows the scale on a moving coil ammeter at one time in the investigation. Figure 3 1.0 2 8 A 3 What is the resolution of the moving Resolution = [1 mark] A rexnuuunaneasate Do not woe ‘utd he tor13 0[3].[4] Student B replaced the moving coll ammeter with a digital ammeter. ara Figure 4 shows the reading on the digital ammeter. Figure 4 1.34 5 A The digital ammeter has a higher resolution than the moving coil ammeter. Give one other reason why it would have been better to use the digital ammeter throughout this investigation. [1 mark] 10 Turn over for the next question Turn over > remouraredeate 1314 [4 A student investigated the density of different fruits Table 1 shows the results. Table 1 Fruit Density in g/cm? Apple 068 Kiwi 1.03 Lemon 0.95 Lime 1.08 0]4].[4] The student determined the volume of each fruit using a displacement can and a measuring cylinder. What other piece of equipment would the student need to determine the density of each fruit? bet. he [1 mark] 14 rexnuuunaneasate ‘utd he tor15 0[4].[2] Write down the equation which links density (9), mass (m) and volume (V). “ m| [1 mark] pa |v O]4],.[3] The mass of the apple was 85 g The density of the apple was 0.68 g/cm’. Calculate the volume of the apple. Give your answer in om® [3 marks] © uy ys — v — 2s 2.68 0] 4],[4] The student only measured the volume of each fruit once. The volume measurements cannot be used to show that the method to measure volume gives precise readings Give the reason why [1 mark] Repth. pesdanyy Ae shi ede mn Aha, Cenncorets ere ( hone. 6 Turn over ® 15 ‘em rasa16 During one year, 1.25 x 10°8 J of energy was transferred from the National Grid, number of seconds in 1 year = 3.16 x 107 Calculate the mean energy transferred from the National Grid each second. Give your answer to 3 significant figures. [2 marks] Energy each second (3 significant figures) = J Figure 5 shows a house with a solar power system. The solar cells generate electricity. When the electricity generated by the solar cells is not needed, the energy is stored in alarge battery Figure 5 Solar cells Large battery rexnuuunaneasate Do not woe ‘utd he tor7 0[5].[2] The charge flow through the cable between the solar cells and the battery in 24 hours | ““fox'”” was 27 000 coulombs. Calculate the mean current in the cable. [4 marks] Mean current = A 0|5|.|3| Atone time, the total power input to the solar cells was 7.8 kW. The efficiency of the solar cells was 0.15 Calculate the useful power output of the solar cells. [3 marks] Useful power output = w Question 5 continues on the next page Turn over > remouraredeate 1718 0[5].[4] tis unlikely that all of the electricity that the UK needs can be generated by solar nts the power systems. Explain why. [2 marks] "4 18 rexnuuunaneasate19 Turn over for the next question DO NOT WRITE/ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE/SPACES PROVIDED Turn over > remounaredeares box20 Do not woe olé Figure 6 shows the mass number and the atomic number for the nuclei of five ‘ouside he different atoms, tox Figure 6 240. agg). 236 234}—* . 232 Mass number 95 228 226 224 222. 85 86 87 8&8 89 90 91 92 93 Atomic number 0[6].[1] How many neutrons are there in a nucleus of atom A? [1 mark] rexnuuunaneasate21 0[6].[2] Which two atoms in Figure 6 are the same element? ara [1 mark] Tick (7) one box. AandB Aandc Cand D DandE Question 6 continues on the next page Ima ve - remouraredeate22 0/6 ].[3] Nucleus B decays by emitting an alpha particle, ext e Draw an arrow on Figure 7 to represent the alpha decay. [2 marks] Figure 7 232 230 228 Mass number 226. 224 222 220. 84. 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 Atomic number 0[6].[4] What is meant by the ‘random nature of radioactive decay"? [1 mark] 2 rexnuuunaneasate23 0/6 ].[5] A polonium (Po) nucleus decays by emitting an alpha particle and forming a “ lead (Pb) nucleus. Po—Pb+a The lead (Pb) nucleus then decays by emitting a beta particle and forms a bismuth (Bi) nucleus. Pb > Bi+B The bismuth (Bi) nucleus then decays by emitting a beta particle and forms a polonium (Po) nucleus. Bi> Pot+B Explain how these three decays result in a nucleus of the original element, polonium. [3 marks] Tum over for the next quest iM ee 23 remouraredeate24 Do not woe ol7 A student investigated how the current in a series circuit varied with the resistance of | ese he a variable resistor. Figure 8 shows the circuit used. Figure 8 # |----1 J ~__& WY Figure 9 shows the results. Figure 9 0.25. 0.20 Current in amps 0.15: 0.10: 0.05 Fe 50 60 Resistance in ohms rexnuuunaneasate25 O[7].[4] The battery had a power output of 230 mW when the resistance of the variable ara resistor was 36 Q. Determine the potential difference across the battery. [4 marks] Potential difference = v 017 ].[2] The student concluded: ‘the current in the circuit was inversely proportional to the resistance of the variable resistor.” Explain how Figure 9 shows that the student is correct. [2 marks] Question 7 continues on the next page Turn over > remouraredeate 2526 0/7 ].[3] Figure 10 shows a circuit with a switch connected incorrectly. ext e Figure 10 Hf —@—3—— Explain how closing the switch would affect the current in the variable resistor. [2 marks] rexnuuunaneasate 26ar Turn over for the next question DO NOT WRITE/ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE/SPACES PROVIDED int =“ 27 IB/MiJun21/8463/1H- box28 Do not woe ols Figure 11 shows a toy car in different positions on a racing track. nts the Figure 11 _- Racing track 0[8].[1] The toy car and racing track can be modelled as a closed system. Why can the toy car and racing track be considered ‘a closed system’? [1 mark] Tick (7) one box. The racing track and the car both have gravitational potential energy. The racing track and the car are always in contact with each other. The total energy of the racing track and the car is constant rexnuuunaneasate29 0[8].[2] The car is released from rest at position A and accelerates due to gravity down the | ““fax'™” track to position B. mass of toy car = 0.040 kg vertical height between position A and position B = 90 com gravitational field strength = 9.8 N/kg Calculate the maximum possible speed of the toy car when it reaches position B. [5 marks] ‘Speed = mis Question 8 continues on the next page Turn over > remouraredeate 2930 Do not woe Figure 11 is repeated below. ext e Figure 11 _- Racing track O[8].[3] At position ¢ the car's gravitational potential energy is 0.20 J greater than at position B. How much kinetic energy does the car need at position B to complete the loop of the track? Give a reason for your answer. [2 marks] Tick (¥) one box. Less than 0,20 J Exactly 0.20 J More than 0.20 J Reason rexnuuunaneasate31 Turn over for the next question DO NOT WRITE/ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE/SPACES PROVIDED Turn over > remounaredeares box32 O19 A teacher demonstrated the relationship between the pressure in a gas and the volume of the gas. Figure 12 shows the equipment used. Figure 12 Pressure gauge __- Syringe Plunger Weights. This is the method used. 1. Record the initial volume of gas in the syringe and the pressure reading before any weights are attached. 2. Attach a 2.0 N weight to the syringe. 3. Record the volume of the gas and the reading on the pressure gauge. 4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until a weight of 12.0 N is attached to the syringe. 0[9].[1] What was the range of force used? [1 mark} From N to N 0[9].[2] Give one control variable in the investigation. [1 mark} 32 rexnuuunaneasate Do not woe ‘utd he tor33 0/9 /.[3] When the volume of gas in the syringe was 45 cm®, the pressure gauge showed a “ value of 60 kPa, Calculate the pressure in the gas when the volume of gas in the syringe was 40 cm?. [4 marks] Pressure = kPa 0[9].[4] When the volume of gas in the syringe increased, the pressure on the inside walls of the syringe decreased. Explain why [3 marks] Turn over for the next question Turn over > e461 3334 4]0 Figure 13 shows some overhead power cables in the National Grid ext e Figure 13 10 ].[4] Explain the advantage of transmitting electricity at a very high potential difference. [3 marks] 34 rexnuuunaneasate35 4] 0].[2] Itis dangerous for a person to fly a kite near an overhead power cable, Figure 14 shows a person flying a kite. Figure 14 The person could receive a fatal electric shock if the kite was very close to, but not touching the power cable. Explain why [3 marks] Question 10 continues on the next page Turn over > remouraredeate 35 ‘ute the box36 A scientist investigated how the potential difference needed for air to conduct charge varies with the distance between a cable and earth. Figure 15 shows the results. Figure 15 800000 600000 Potential difference 400000 in volts 200000}, 0 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 Distance between cable and earth in metres [0 ].[3] The data in Figure 15 gives the relationship between potential difference and distance when the air is dry, When the humidity of air increases the air becomes a better conductor of electricity. Draw a line on Figure 15 to show how the potential difference changes with distance if the humidity of the air increases. [2 marks] 36 rexnuuunaneasate ‘utd he tor37 4] 0].[4] Figure 16 shows a cross-section through a power cable. “ Figure 16 — steel aluminium ‘A1 metre length of a single aluminium wire is a better conductor than a 1 metre length of the steel wire. The individual wires behave as if they are resistors connected in parallel. Explain why the current in the steel wire is different to the current in a single aluminium wire [2 marks] Turn over for the next question IM ee 37 remouraredeate38 4/4 ‘A student investigated how the temperature of a lump of ice varied as the ice was heated, The student recorded the temperature until the ice melted and then the water produced boiled. Figure 17 shows the student's results. The power output of the heater was constant. Figure 17 200 150 ‘Temperatu of water in °c 100 50 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Time in seconds 1[1].[4] The specific heat capacity of ice is less than the specific heat capacity of water. Explain how Figure 17 shows this. [2 marks] 38 rexnuuunaneasate ‘utd he tor39 4[4].[2] The specific latent heat of fusion of ice is less than the specific latent heat of ara vaporisation of water. Explain how Figure 17 shows this. [2 marks] 1[1].[3] A-second student did the same investigation and recorded the temperature until the water produced boiled. In the second student's investigation more thermal energy was transferred to the surroundings. Describe two ways the results of the experiment in Figure 17 would have been different. [2 marks] 1 2 Question 11 continues on the next page IM ee 39 remouraredeate40 T[4],[4] When the water was boiling, 0.030 kg of water turned into steam. oe The energy transferred to the water was 69 kJ. Calculate the specific latent heat of vaporisation of water. Give the unit. [5 marks] Specific latent heat of vaporisation = Unit " END OF QUESTIONS 40 rexnuuunaneasatewn There are no questions printed on this page DO NOT WRITE/ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE/SPACES PROVIDED remounaredeares box42 De ret wit Question Additional page, if required. number Write the question numbers in the left-hand margin. e46143 Do not wre Question Additional page, if required. for umber Write the question numbers in the left-hand margin. wn saDe ret wit Copyright information For contontialy purposes, all ckrowleigemonts of hie-paty copyright material are publshod in asoparatebockot. Tis booklet le publahed after each ne examination series and ls avalbl ore doanlaed for www of. Permission to reproduce al copyight mstra has been apple fo. In some cases, tos to contac eopyighthalders may have boon unsuccesstul and AGA wil be happy to recy any omissions of ackvowledgemons. you have ary qustesploase contact tho Copy Ccopyrgnt © 202% AQA and is eersor, Alright reserved 27668 4663/18 remouraredeate 44