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Bernoulli'S Principle and Its Application: Physics Project - Kevin Shijo Xi-B

Daniel Bernoulli was a Swiss mathematician and physicist known for his work in fluid mechanics. Bernoulli's principle states that within a horizontal flow of fluid, points of higher fluid speed will always have less pressure than points of slower fluid speed. The principle is applied to explain various phenomena like how airplanes and spinning balls curve in flight due to differences in air pressure. It is also used to explain how high winds can lift roofs due to the very low pressure zone created on the rooftop compared to the higher pressure inside the house.

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477 views9 pages

Bernoulli'S Principle and Its Application: Physics Project - Kevin Shijo Xi-B

Daniel Bernoulli was a Swiss mathematician and physicist known for his work in fluid mechanics. Bernoulli's principle states that within a horizontal flow of fluid, points of higher fluid speed will always have less pressure than points of slower fluid speed. The principle is applied to explain various phenomena like how airplanes and spinning balls curve in flight due to differences in air pressure. It is also used to explain how high winds can lift roofs due to the very low pressure zone created on the rooftop compared to the higher pressure inside the house.

Uploaded by

Isaac Newton
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BERNOULLI’S

PRINCIPLE AND ITS


APPLICATION
PHYSICS PROJECT - Kevin Shijo XI-B
ABOUT DANIEL BERNOULLI
(1700 – 27 March 1782)
Daniel Bernoulli was
a Swiss mathematician and
physicist and was one of the many prominent
mathematicians in the Bernoulli family from
Basel. He is particularly remembered for his
applications of mathematics to mechanics,
especially fluid mechanics, and for his pioneering
work in probability and statistics.
BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE
According to Bernoulli's principle, the sum of pressure,
kinetic energy per unit volume and the potential energy
per unit volume remains a constant.
In other words,
Bernoulli's principle states that within a horizontal flow
of fluid, points of higher fluid speed will always have
less pressure than the points of slower fluid speed.

Where ‘p’ is pressure,’ρ’ is density, ‘v’ is velocity, ‘h’


is elevation and ‘g’ is gravitational acceleration.
EXPLANATION OF BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE
• Consider the diagram below which shows water flowing along
streamlines from left to right.
• As the outlined volume of water enters the constricted region it
speeds up. The force from pressure P1 on the left side of the
shaded water pushes to the right and does positive work since it
pushes in the same direction as the motion of the shaded fluid.
• The force from pressure P2 ​on the right side of the shaded fluid
pushes to the left and does negative work since it pushes in the
opposite direction as the motion of the shaded fluid.
• We know that the water must speed up (due to the continuity
equation) and therefore have a net positive amount of work done
on it.
• So the work done by the force from pressure on the left side must
be larger than the amount of negative work done by the force from
pressure on the right side.
• This means that the pressure on the wider/slower side P1 has to be
larger than the pressure on the narrow/faster side P2
APPLICATIONS OF
BERNOULLI'S
PRINCIPLE
WORKING OF AN
AIRPLANE
This is also based on Bernoulli’s principle. The wings
of the airplane are of the shape as shown in fig. Due
to this specific shape of wings when the airplane
runs, air passes at higher speed over it as compared
to its lower surface. This difference of air speeds
above and below the wings, in accordance with
Bernoulli’s principle, creates a pressure difference,
due to which an upward force called ‘dynamic lift’ (=
pressure difference × area of wing) acts on the plane.
If this force becomes greater than the weight of the
plane, the plane will rise up.
WHY A SPINNING BALL
CURVES(MAGNUS EFFECT)
When a spinning ball is thrown, it deviates from its
usual path in flight. This effect is called Magnus
effect and plays as important role in tennis, cricket
and soccer, etc. as by applying appropriate spin the
moving ball can be made to curve in any desired
direction. in accordance with Bernoulli’s principle
pressure above the ball will be less than below it.
Due to this difference of pressure an upward force
will act on the ball and hence the ball will deviate
and is pushed to a curved patha
BLOWING OFF ROOFS BY
WINDSTORMS
During heavy winds, the velocity of air is stopped by
the walls of the house, but the velocity is very high
on the rooftop, which creates a lower pressure zone
on the rooftop, but inside the house, the air velocity
is very less, and hence, the pressure is very high as
compared to the rooftop. High-pressure air inside the
room tries to move towards a low-pressure area, and
hence, the roof is lifted and blown away sometimes.
CONCLUSION
Bernoulli’s principle in practice has many uses and application in our
day-to-day life. The influence of the Bernoulli principle can be seen in
the mechanism of many modern-day machinery and tools. Some of the
limitations of the Bernoulli principles are given below:-
• It is applicable for steady flows and thus cannot applied during
transients, strat ups and down periods.
• Velocity of liquid particle at the pipe Centre is maximum and it
decreases as distance from the pipe Centre line increases. Thus, only
a mean velocity is taken into account and not the actual velocity of
individual fluid particles.
• External forces acting on the liquid are neglected but this is not the
case at all the times. external force to act on the liquid.
• If the fluid is flowing through a curved path, then energy due to
centrifugal forces should also be considered.
• This equation was drive from force balance on particle moving along
streamlines. it is not applicable Where shaft work is involved like in
turbine, pump, impeller etc.

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