Frequently Asked Questions F.

Unit-wise Frequently Asked Questions

UNIT
Q5. Present the concept of frequency reuse
channels and frequency reuse distance.

1
FAQs
April-18, Set-4, Q2(b)

(or)

Q1. Explain the operation of a cellular system with What is frequency reuse and derive the
neat diagram. equation for frequency reuse ratio.
April/May-19, Set-2, Q2(a)
Ans: April-15, Set-1, Q2
(or)
Explain about basic cellular system with neat For answer refer Unit-I, Q37.
diagram.
Q6. Write short note on cell splitting.
Ans: April-18, Set-2, Q2(a)

For answer refer Unit-I, Q18. Ans: (April/May-19, Set-1, Q2(b) | April/May-17, Set-1, Q1(a))

Q2. Describe the performance criteria of cellular For answer refer Unit-I, Q48.
mobile systems.
April/May-19, Set-1, Q2(a)

(or) UNIT
2
Discuss the performance criteria of the basic
cellular system.
Ans: April/May-16, Set-2, Q1(b) FAQs
For answer refer Unit-I, Q19. Q1.
What are the various methods of reducing co-
Q3. Discuss the mobile radio transmission medium. channel interference?

April-18, Set-1, Q2(b) April/May-19, Set-3, Q1(b)

(or)
(or)
Explain the phenomena of severe fading.
April/May-16, Set-2, Q1(b)
What different methods to reduce the co-chan-
nel interferences.
(or)
Write about mobile radio transmission medium Ans: April-18, Set-3, Q1(b)
in detail.
For answer refer Unit-II, Q2.
Ans: April-15, Set-1, Q1(a)

For answer refer Unit-I, Q21. Q2. Define co-channel interference. How is it mea-
sured at the mobile unit and cell site?
Q4. Explain the various components of a cellular
system. April/May-19, Set-4, Q2(b) (April/May-19, Set-2, Q3(a) | April/May-16, Set-4, Q3(a))

(or) (or)
What are the various components in a cellular
Explain the term co-channel interference.
system? Explain briefly.
Ans: April-18, Set-1, Q1(b)
Ans: April/May-16, Set-1, Q2(b)

For answer refer Unit-I, Q29. For answer refer Unit-II, Q10.

SIA Group
F.2 cellular and mobile COMMUNICATIONS [JNTU-Kakinada]

UNIT
Q3. Explain how co-channel interference is
measured in real time mobile radio transceivers.
(April/May-17, Set-4, Q2(b) | April/May-16, Set-2, 3(a) |

April-15, Set-1, Q3(b)) 3

FAQs
(or)
Q1. What is the importance of frequency management
Explain real time co-channel interference. chart?
April/May-17, Set-2, Q1(b)
April/May-19, Set-1, Q1(d)
(or)
(or)
What are the various techniques to measure
CCI? Explain in detail. Explain about fixed channel assignment.
April/May-19, Set-3, Q5(b)
Ans: April/May-14, Set-4, Q3(b)
(or)
For answer refer Unit-II, Q14.
Q4. Discuss the effects of antenna parameters on What is the function of frequency management?
the cell interference. April-18, Set-4, Q5(a)
April/May-19, Set-3, Q3(a) (or)
(or) What are the different techniques to utilize the
Describe the effect of antenna parameters on frequency spectrum, give a brief explanation?
the cell interferers. April/May-17, Set-3, Q5(a)

(April-18, Set-3, Q3(a) | April-15, Set-1, Q3(a) | April-15, Set-4, Q3(b)) (or)
(or) Discuss the concept of frequency management
concern to the numbering the channels and
Explain the effect of Antenna parameters in
grouping into the subset.
designing cellular system.
(April/May-17, Set-2, Q5(a) | April/may-16, Set-3, Q6(a))
April/May-17, Set-1, Q3(a)
(or)
(or)
Describe the concept of frequency management
Explain the effects of antenna design param- concern to the numbering the channels and
eters for the interference in a cellular system. grouping into the subset.
Ans: April/May-14, Set-1, Q3(b)
April/May-14, Set-3, Q6(a)
For answer refer Unit-II, Q24. (or)
Q5. Discuss the diversity schemes for interference What is the importance of frequency manage-
reductions at both mobile unit and cell site. ment chart? Give the structure of the channels
April/May-16, Set-3, Q(a) in 800 MHz system with frequency ranges.

(or) Ans: April/May-14, Set-1, Q6(a)

Write short notes on diversity receiver. For answer refer Unit-III, Q12.

Ans: April-15, Set-3, Q8 Q2. Write a note on paging channels.

For answer refer Unit-II, Q27. April-18, Set-3, Q1(d)

Q6. Explain the various types of non-co-channel (or)

interference. Explain about paging channels.
April-15, Set-3, Q3(a) (April/May-17, Set-1, Q5(b) | April/May-17, Set-3, Q1(d))

(or) (or)
What are the different types of non co-channel Explain how paging channels are used for the
interference in a cellular system? Explain. land originating calls.
Ans: April/May-14, Set-1, Q3(a) Ans: April/May-14, Set-2, Q6(b)

For answer refer Unit-II, Q28. For answer refer Unit-III, Q14.

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Frequently Asked Questions F.3
Q3. Explain in detail access channels and operational What do you understand by non-fixed channel
techniques. assignment? Describe the corresponding algo-
(April/May-17, Set-3, Q5(b) | April/May-16, Set-1, Q6(a)) rithms.
(or) (April/May-17, Set-4, Q5(a) | April/May-16, Set-4, Q6(b))

Write a note on access channels. (or)

Explain in detail the non-fixed channel assign-
April-18, Set-2, Q1(d)
ment.
(or)
(April/May-16, Set-3, Q6(b) | April/May-14, Set-4, Q6(b))
Explain about access channels.
(or)
Ans: April/May-17, Set-4, Q1(d) Discuss about non-fixed channel assign-
For answer refer Unit-III, Q15. ments.
Q4. Write the concept of the self location scheme at Ans: April-15, Set-2, Q6(b)
the mobile unit and the autonomous registration. For answer refer Unit-III, Q23.
Ans: (April/May-17, Set-2, Q5(b) | April/May-16, Set-1, Q6(b))
Q9. Differentiate between fixed and non-fixed
For answer refer Unit-III, Q17. channel assignment in detail.
Q5. Explain about channel assignment to cell sites
April-18, Set-1, Q5(a)
and mobile units.
April/May-19, Set-4, Q5(a) (or)
(or) What is the difference between fixed channel
Write a note on channel assignment to travelling assignement and non fixed channel assignment?
mobile unit. Ans: April-15, Set-4, Q6(a)

April-18, Set-2, Q5(a) For answer refer Unit-III, Q24.

(or) Q10. Write short notes on channel sharing.
Explain about the underlay-overlay arragement. April/May-19, Set-4, Q1(d)

(April/May-17, Set-4, Q5(b) | April/May-16, Set-4, Q6(a))

(or)
(or) Write the channel sharing scheme with a neat
Write about channel assignment to travelling sketch.
mobile units. April-18, Set-2, Q5(b)
Ans: April-15, Set-2, Q6(a) (or)
For answer refer Unit-III, Q20. Discuss channel sharing and borrowing.
Q6. Explain the channel assignment to the cell sites Ans: April-15, Set-1, Q6(b)
based on the adjacent channels. For answer refer Unit-III, Q25.
Ans: (April-18, Set-3, Q5(a) | April/May-14, Set-3, Q6(b)) Q11. Explain about overlaid cells.
For answer refer Unit-III, Q21. April/May-19, Set-3, Q5(b)

Q7. Explain about fixed channel assignment. (or)

April/May-19, Set-3, Q5(a) Discuss the concept of overlaid cells.
(or) April-15, Set-4, Q6(b)

Write about fixed channel assignment schemes (or)

in detail.
Explain the overlaid cells concept in detail.
Ans: (April/May-17, Set-1, Q5(a) | April/May-16, Set-2, Q6(a))
Ans: April/May-14, Set-1, Q6(b)
For answer refer Unit-III, Q22.
For answer refer Unit-III, Q30.
Q8. What are the different non fixed channel assign-
Q12. Explain the signal reflections in hilly terrain.
ment algorithms? Briefly explain.
April-18, Set-4, Q1(b)
April-18, Set-3, Q5(b)
(or)
(or)
Explain ground incident angle, elevation angle,
Describe various non-fixed channels assign- ground reflection and reflection point with
ment algorithms. respect to signal coverage.
April-18, Set-4, Q5(b) April/May-17, Set-2, Q3(a)

(or) (or)

SIA Group
F.4 cellular and mobile COMMUNICATIONS [JNTU-Kakinada]
With neat sketch explain about signal reflections Explain the mobile signal propagation over
in flat and hilly terrain. water and flat area.
Ans: April/May-17, Set-3, Q3(b) Ans: April/May-14, Set-1, Q4(b)
For answer refer Unit-III, Q31.
For answer refer Unit-III, Q38.
Q13. Explain the effects due to human made
structures. Q17. What is meant by foliage loss? Explain foliage
loss.
April/May-19, Set-3, Q3(b)
April/May-16, Set-2, Q4(b)
(or)
Explain the affect of the human made structure (or)
on cell coverage. What is meant by foliage? Explain foliage loss.
April-18, Set-1, Q3(b)
Ans: April/May-14, Set-3, Q4(b)
(or)
For answer refer Unit-III, Q40.
Explain the effects of human made structures
for mobile propagation in open area. Q18. Explain briefly about long distance propagation.
April-18, Set-4, Q3(b)
Ans: April/May-14, Set-3, Q4(a)

For answer refer Unit-III, Q34. (or)

Q14. Explain about the phase difference between the Write about long distance radio propagation.
direct and reflected paths of the signal.
Ans: April-15, Set-1, Q4(a)
April/May-19, Set-1, Q5(a)
For answer refer Unit-III, Q43.
(or)
Q19. Describe the effect of antenna height in near
Explain the phase difference between direct and
and long distance mobile propagation.
reflected paths.
(April/May-19, Set-4, Q3(b) | April/May-16, Set-4, Q4(b) |
April/May-17, Set-3, Q1(b)

(or) Ans: April/May-14, Set-4, Q4(b))

Write about the phase difference between the For answer refer Unit-III, Q44.
direct path and the ground reflected path. Q20. Describe the various steps involved in finding
Ans: April/May-16, Set-3, Q4(a) antenna height gain in a mobile environment.
For answer refer Unit-III, Q36. Ans: (Aril/May-16, Set-1, Q4(b) | April/May-14, Set-2, Q4(b))
Q15. Why there is constant standard deviation along
For answer refer Unit-III, Q45.
a path-loss curve?
(April-18, Set-2, Q1(b) | April-18, Set-2, Q3(b) | Q21. Explain the point to point model. What are the
Ans: April/May-16, Set-1, Q4(a)) advantages of point to point model over area to
For answer refer Unit-III, Q37. area model?
Q16. Explain the propagation of mobile signals over April-18, Set-3, Q3(b)
water and flat open area with general formula.
April/May-19, Set-1, Q3(b) (or)
(or) Discuss the “Lee model” for point to point
Explain the mobile signal propagation over propagation.
water and flat area.
April/May-16, Set-2, Q4(a)
(April/May-16, Set-3, Q4(b) | April/May-14, Set-1, Q4(b))

(or) (or)
How a radio signal will propagate over water Explain about point to point model and its
and explain it for different scenarios. merits.
April-15, Set-2, Q4
Ans: (April-15, Set-1, Q4(b) | April-15, Set-3, Q4(b))
(or)
For answer refer Unit-III, Q46.

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Frequently Asked Questions F.5
Q4. Write short notes on directional antennas.
UNIT

4
April/May-19, Set-3, Q1(c)

(or)
FAQs What are directional antennas and explain how
they are useful in interference reduction.
Q1. Obtain the free space path loss from the
transmitting end and the receiving end of the April/May-19, Set-3, Q4(b)
antenna. Derive the received power in dBm. (or)
How is the measured field strength converted
into the received power? Explain the directional antennas used for
interference reduction.
April/May-16, Set-4, Q5(a)
April/May-19, Set-4, Q4(a)
(or)
(or)
Derive free space path-loss formula for Explain the role of directional antennas for in-
transmitting antenna. terference reduction.
Ans: April-15, Set-1, Q5(a) April/May-17, Set-4, Q4(b)

For answer refer Unit-IV, Q8. (or)

Q2. Explain sum and difference patterns and their What are directional antennas? Explain
synthesis. directional antennas for interference in detail.
April-15, Set-2, Q5(b)
April/May-17, Set-4, Q4(a)
(or)
(or) What are the directional antennas? Explain how
Write about the synthesis of sum and difference the directional antennas are useful for reducing
patterns. the interference.
Ans: April/May-14, Set-3, Q5(a)
April-15, Set-1, Q5(b))
For answer refer Unit-IV, Q13.
(or)
Q5. Write short notes on space diversity antennas?
Explain sum and difference patterns.
April/May-19, Set-2, Q1(c)
Ans: April/May-16, Set-2, Q5(a)
(or)
For answer refer Unit-IV, Q9. Explain the concept of space diversity antennas
Q3. Explain about Omni directional antennas. with a neat diagram.
April/May-19, Set-4, Q4(b)
April/May-19, Set-3, Q4(a)
(or)
(or)
Write a note on space diversity antennas.
Write short notes on Omni directional antennas. April-18, Set-1, Q4(b)

April/May-19, Set-4, Q1(c) (or)

(or) Explain space diversity antennas.

April/May-17, Set-2, Q4(b)
Explain about high-gain Omni-directional anten- (or)
nas.
Explain the concept of diversity antenna spacing
April-18, Set-4, Q4(b) in cell site with a simple diagram.
(or) (April/May-16, Set-4, Q5(b) | April/May-14, Set-4, Q5(b))

(or)
Discuss the coverage of cell site using Omni
Write about space diversity antennas used at
directional antennas. cell sites.
Ans: April-18, Set-2, Q4(a) Ans: April-15, Set-2, Q5(a)

For answer refer Unit-IV, Q11. For answer refer Unit-IV, Q16.

SIA Group
F.6 cellular and mobile COMMUNICATIONS [JNTU-Kakinada]
Q6. Draw the setup for space diversity antennas Q9. Explain Roof mounted antennas.
used at cell site and explain how to design it.
April/May-17, Set-1, Q1(c)
April/May-17, Set-1, Q3(b)
(or)
(or)
Explain vertically oriented mobile antennas. Explain the following,
April/May-17, Set-2, Q1(c) (a) Roof mounted antenna
(or) (b) Glass mounted antenna
Explain horizontally oriented mobile antennas.
(c) Mobile high gain antenna.
Ans: April/May-17, Set-3, Q1(c)
Ans: April/May-16, Set-1, Q5(a)
For answer refer Unit-IV, Q17.
For answer refer Unit-IV, Q22.
Q7. Explain about umbrella pattern antennas used
at cell sites. Q10. What are the antennas used at cell site? Explain
April/May-19, Set-2, Q4(a) them.
(or) April-18, Set-3, Q4(a)
Discuss about broadband umbrella pattern
(or)
antenna.
What are the different types of antennas used
April-18, Set-3, Q1(c)
at cell site? Explain them in detail.
(or)
Ans: April/May-14, Set-2, Q5(a)
Discuss about normal umbrella pattern an-
tenna. For answer refer Unit-IV, Q24.
April-18, Set-4, Q1(c)

(or) UNIT
5
Explain about umbrella pattern antennas.
April/May-17, Set-3, Q4(b)

(or) FAQs
Explain how umbrella pattern antennas are used
Q1. What are the advantages of delayed handoff?
as the cell site antennas.
April/May-16, Set-3, Q5(a) April-18, Set-3, Q1(e)
(or)
(or)
How can a high gain broadband umbrella pattern
antenna be constructed for cell site? Explain.
Discuss advantages of delayed handoffs.
Ans: April/May-14, Set-3, Q5(b)

For answer refer Unit-IV, Q18. Ans: April-15, Set-1, Q7(b)

Q8. Discuss about the minimum separation of cell For answer refer Unit-V, Q5.
site antennas.
April/May-17, Set-1, Q4(b) Q2. Why handoff is necessary for cellular systems?
Determine the two types of handoffs based on
(or)
signal strength and C/I ratio.
Explain in detail about minimum separation of
cell-site receiving antennas. April-18, Set-2, Q6(a)
April/May-16, Set-3, Q5(b)
(or)
(or)
Explain handoff based on signal strength and
Write about the minimum separation of cell site
C/I ratio.
receiving antenna.
Ans: April-15, Set-1, Q7(a)
Ans: (April-15, Set-3, Q5(b) | April-15, Set-4, Q5(b))

For answer refer Unit-IV, Q20. For answer refer Unit-V, Q10.

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Frequently Asked Questions F.7
Q3. What is the handoff? Explain two types of hand- Q8. What is meant by mobile assisted handoff?
offs. Explain.
April-18, Set-1, Q6(a)
April-18, Set-1, Q6(b)
(or)
What are the different types of handoffs? (or)
Explain how to implement them?
Write about mobile assigned handoff.
(April/May-17, Set-4, Q6(a) | April/May-19, Set-2, Q6(a))

(or) Ans: April-15, Set-3, Q7(a)

What is meant by handoff? Describe the For answer refer Unit-V, Q17.
classification of handoff processes.
Q9. What is Handoff? Explain intersystem Handoff.
Ans: April/May-14, Set-4, Q7(a)
April/May-19, Set-1, Q6(a)
For answer refer Unit-V, Q11.
Q4. What are the various hand off strategies based (or)
on algorithms of handoff?
What is intersystem handoff?
April/May-19, Set-3, Q6(a) April/May-16, Set-2, Q7(a)

(or) (or)
What are the various hand off strategies based
What type of handoff is used when a call initiated
on algorithms of handoff? Explain in detail.
in one cellular system and enter another system
Ans: (April/May-16, Set-2, Q7(b) | April/May-14, Set-1, Q7(a)) before terminating? Explain how it works.
For answer refer Unit-V, Q13. (April/May-16, Set-3, Q7(a) | April/May-14, Set-2, Q7(b))
Q5 Explain how a handoff is initiated.
(or)
April-18, Set-3, Q6(a)
Discuss in detail intersystem handoff.
(or)
Explain how the handoffs implemented based Ans: April-15, Set-4, Q7(b)

on signal strength.
For answer refer Unit-V, Q18.
April/May-17, Set-2, Q6(a)
Q10. Discuss various vehicle locating methods.
(or)
What is meant by handoff initiation? Explain April/May-19, Set-1, Q6(b)

the different methods of handoff initiation with (or)

suitable diagrams.
Ans: April/May-14, Set-4, Q7(b)
Write short notes on vehicle locating methods

For answer refer Unit-V, Q14. April/May-17, Set-3, Q6(b)

Q6. Explain two-hand-off-level algorithm. (or)

April-18, Set-4, Q6(a)
What are the different vehicle locating methods?
(or) Explain in detail.
Explain the delaying handoff. (April/May-16, Set-3, Q7(b) | April/May-14, Set-1, Q7(b))
Ans: April-18, Set-2, Q1(e)
(or)
For answer refer Unit-V, Q15.
Explain about various vehicle locating methods.
Q7. What is forced handoff? Explain.
April-15, Set-2, Q7(b)
April-18, Set-4, Q1(e)
(or)
(or)
How to locate vehicle in any cell site? Explain
What is forced handoff? Explain different types
vehicle locating methods.
of forced handoffs.
Ans: April-15, Set-4, Q7(b)
Ans: April-15, Set-4, Q7(a)

For answer refer Unit-V, Q16. For answer refer Unit-V, Q21.

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F.8 cellular and mobile COMMUNICATIONS [JNTU-Kakinada]
Q11. What is dropped call rate and explain their With suitable block diagram explain the GSM
evaluation? system.
(April/May-17, Set-2, Q7(b) | April/May-17, Set-4, Q7(b))
April/May-19, Set-2, Q6(b)
(or)
(or)
Explain in detail about GSM architecture.
Write short notes on dropped cell rate. April/May-16, Set-4, Q8(a)

April/May-17, Set-3, Q6(c) (or)

(or) Explain a simple GSM network architecture with

the help of a neat diagram.
What is meant by a dropped call? Explain the Ans: April/May-14, Set-1, Q8(b)
factors that influence the dropped call rate.
For answer refer Unit-VI, Q16.
April/May-16, Set-1, Q7(b)
Q4. Discuss the frame structure for GSM.
(or) April/May-19, Set-1, Q7(a)

Discuss how dropped call rates are evaluated. (or)

Ans: April-15, Set-3, Q7(b) Explain the frame structure of GSM with a neat
diagram.
For answer refer Unit-V, Q22.
Ans: April/May-14, Set-2, Q8(a)

For answer refer Unit-VI, Q20.

UNIT Q5. Explain the channels in GSM.

6
FAQs
(or)
April/May-19, Set-1, Q1(f)

What are the services offered by GSM channels?

Q1. Explain the term GSM and its functional blocks. (April-18, Set-3, Q7(a) | April/May-16, Set-2, Q8(a)

(or)
April-18, Set-3, Q1(f)
Explain briefly about GSM channels.
(or)
April-18, Set-4, Q7(a)
What are main subsystems of GSM architecture? (or)
Ans: April/May-17, Set-1, Q1(f) What are the channel types of GSM system?
Explain.
For answer refer Unit-VI, Q1.
April/May-17, Set-1, Q7(b)
Q2. Describe the features and services of GSM. (or)
Ans: (April/May-19, Set-3, Q7(b) | April/May-14, Set-3, Q8(a)) Explain the types of channels in GSM.
April-15, Set-4, Q8(b)
For answer refer Unit-VI, Q14.
(or)
Q3. Explain the architecture of GSM. What are different types of GSM channels?
(April/May-19, Set-4, Q7(b) | April/May-15, Set-1, Q8(a)) Explain in detail.
(or) Ans: April/May-14, Set-4, Q8(a)

For answer refer Unit-VI, Q21.

Explain architecture of GSM.
Q6. Explain in detail about multiple access scheme.
April-18, Set-1, Q7(b) (April/May-19, Set-2, Q7(a) | April/May-18, Set-4, Q7(b) |
April/May-16, Set-3, Q8(a))
(or)
(or)
Explain GSM architecture in detail.
Write short notes on multiple access schemes.
April-18, Set-2, Q7(a) Ans: April-15, Set-3, Q8(b)(ii)

(or) For answer refer Unit-VI, Q25.

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Frequently Asked Questions F.9
Q7. What is TDMA? Explain TDMA architecture with Describe the principle, advantages and
neat diagram. disadvantages of CDMA technique.
April-19, Set-4, Q7(a) April/May-14, Set-2, Q8(b)

(or) (or)
Explain about the TDMA. April/May-17, Set-4, Q7(a)
Explain the principle of CDMA with a neat sketch
(or) and write its advantages and disadvantages.

Ans: April/May-14, Set-4, Q8(b)

Explain the architecture of NA-TDMA.
For answer refer Unit-VI, Q34.
Ans: April/May-16, Set-3, Q8(b)
Q12. Compare TDMA and CDMA techniques.
For answer refer Unit-VI, Q28.
April/May-19, Set-1, Q7(b)
Q8. Write a short note on TDMA structure, frame
(or)
length & frame offset.
List the difference between TDMA, FDMA,
April-18, Set-2, Q7(b)
CDMA.
(or) April/May-17, Set-3, Q7(b)
Write short notes on, (or)
(a) TDMA structure What is the difference between TDMA and
(b) Frame length CDMA.

Ans: April/May-16, Set-2, Q8(b) Ans: April-15, Set-2, Q8(b)

For answer refer Unit-VI, Q29. For answer refer Unit-VI, Q38.

Q9. Write about the signaling format and message

structure in TDMA.
April/May-16, Set-1, Q8(b)

(or)
Draw the TDMA frame structure and explain the
significance of each slot.
Ans: April-15, Set-1, Q8(b)

For answer refer Unit-VI, Q31.

Q10. What is CDMA? Explain CDMA in detail.
April-18, Set-3, Q7(b)

(or)

Explain the principle of CDMA with necessary

diagrams.
Ans: April-15, Set-4, Q8(a)

For answer refer Unit-VI, Q33.

Q11. Explain the principle of CDMA and write its

advantages and disadvantages.
April/May-19, Set-3, Q7(a)

(or)

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