DEVANSHU DESAI

BBA919047
BIS ASSIGNMENT

ASSIGNMENT NO 1

Q.1. Discuss the merits and demerits of Information

System?
Advantages
Communication – with help of information technologies the instant messaging,
emails, voice and video calls becomes quicker, cheaper and much efficient.

Globalization and cultural gap – by implementing information systems we can bring

down the linguistic, geographical and some cultural boundaries. Sharing the
information, knowledge, communication and relationships between different
countries, languages and cultures becomes much easier.

Availability – information systems has made it possible for businesses to be open

24×7 all over the globe. This means that a business can be open anytime anywhere,
making purchases from different countries easier and more convenient. It also
means that you can have your goods delivered right to your doorstep with having to
move a single muscle.

Creation of new types of jobs – one of the best advantages of information systems
is the creation of new and interesting jobs. Computer programmers, Systems
analyzers, Hardware and Software developers and Web designers are just some of
the many new employment opportunities created with the help of IT.

Cost effectiveness and productivity – the IS application promotes more efficient

operation of the company and also improves the supply of information to decision-
makers; applying such systems can also play an important role in helping companies
to put greater emphasis on information technology in order to gain a competitive
advantage. IS has a positive impact on productivity, however there are some
frustrations can be faced by systems users which are directly linked to lack of
training and poor systems performance because of system spread.

Disadvantages
Unemployment and lack of job security – implementing the information systems
can save a great deal of time during the completion of tasks and some labor
mechanic works. Most paperwork’s can be processed immediately, financial
transactions are automatically calculated, etc. As technology improves, tasks that
were formerly performed by human employees are now carried out by computer
systems. For example, automated telephone answering systems have replaced live
receptionists in many organizations or online and personal assistants can be good
example also. Industry experts believe that the internet has made job security a big
issue as since technology keeps on changing with each day. This means that one
has to be in a constant learning mode, if he or she wishes for their job to be secure.

Dominant culture – while information technology may have made the world a global
village, it has also contributed to one culture dominating another weaker one. For
example it is now argued that US influences how most young teenagers all over the
world now act, dress and behave. Languages too have become overshadowed, with
English becoming the primary mode of communication for business and everything
else.

Security issues – thieves and hackers get access to identities and corporate
saboteurs target sensitive company data. Such data can include vendor information,
bank records, intellectual property and personal data on company management. The
hackers distribute the information over the Internet, sell it to rival companies or use it
to damage the company’s image. For example, several retail chains were targeted
recently by hackers who stole customer information from their information systems
and distributed Social Security numbers and credit card data over the Internet.

Implementation expenses – to integrate the information system it require pretty

good amount of cost in a case of software, hardware and people. Software,
hardware and some other services should be rented, bought and supported.
Employees need to be trained with unfamiliar information technology and software.
Q.2.What are Business Experts System? Explain with the
help of an example.
A Business Expert System (BES) is a knowledge based information system, which
is based on artificial intelligence. A Knowledge Based information system adds a
knowledge base that uses its knowledge about a specific, complex application area
to act as an expert. 
Also, BES provides decision support to managers in the form of advice from an
expert in a specific problem area such as medical, engineering and business. BES
is interactive in nature and it is able to answer the questions asked by a user. For
answering the questions, an expert system searches its knowledge base for facts
and rules and explains its reasoning process and results in the expert advice to the
end user. The main components of BES are:
1)      Knowledge base                 
2)      Inference engine                 
3)      User interface

Q.3.What is Decision Support system?

A decision support system (DSS) is a computerized program used to support
determinations, judgments, and courses of action in an organization or a
business. A DSS sifts through and analyzes massive amounts of data,
compiling comprehensive information that can be used to solve problems and
in decision-making.

Typical information used by a DSS includes target or projected revenue, sales

figures or past ones from different time periods, and other inventory- or
operations-related data.

Q.4.Discuss the elements and characteristics of the System

System:
A system is an orderly grouping of interdependent components linked together
according to a plan to achieve a specific objective. The study of system concepts has
three basic implications:

1. A system must be designed to achieve a predetermined objective.

2. Interrelationships and interdependence must exist among the components.
3. The objectives of the organization as a whole have a higher priority than the
objectives of its subsystems.
Characteristics of a system:
1. Organization:
It implies structure and order. It is the arrangement of components that helps to
achieve objectives.
2. Interaction:
It refers to the manner in which each component functions with other
components of the system.
3. Interdependence:
It means that parts of the organization or computer system depend on one
another. They are coordinated and linked together according to a plan. One
subsystem depends on the output of another subsystem for proper functioning.
4. Integration: It refers to the holism of systems. It is concerned with how a
system is tied together.
5. Central Objective:
A system should have a central objective. Objectives may be real or stated.
Although a stated objective may be the real objective, it is not uncommon for
an organization to state one objective and operate to achieve another. The
important point is that users must know the central objective of a computer
application early in the analysis for a successful design and conversion.
Difference Between structured systems and object oriented systems:
1. Methodology:
Structured: SDLC
Object Oriented: Iterative/Incremental
2. Focus:
Structured: Process
Object Oriented: Object
3. Risk:
Structured: High
Object Oriented: Low
4. Reuse:
Structured: Low
Object Oriented: High
5. Maturity:
Structured: Mature and Widespread
 Object Oriented: Emeraging
6. Suitable For
Structured: Well-defind projects with stable user requirement
Object Oriented: risky large projects with changing user requirement
7. Analysis:
Structured: Structuring Requirements: - DFD's - Structure English - Decision
Table/Tree - ER Analysis Object Oriented: Requirement Engineering 1. Use
Case Model - Use Case Diagram - Flow Diagram - Activity Diagram 2.Object
Model - Find Classes and Class Relationship
- State Diagram, Sequence Diagram - Collaboration Diagram
8. Design:
Structured: DB design (DB normalization) GUI Design (forms & reports)
Object Oriented: Physical DB design
Design elements:

o Design system Architecture

o Design classes: Checking The Model, Combine Classes,

Splitting Classes, Eliminate Classes

o Design components
o GUI design

Q.5.Discuss the structure of MIS?

Management imformation system (MIS)

MIS is an information system, which processes data and converts it into

information.  A management information system uses TPS for its data inputs. The
information generated by the information system may be used for control of
operations, strategic and long-range planning. Short-range planning, management
control, and other managerial problem solving. It encompasses processing in
support of a wide range of organizational functions & management processes. MIS
is capable of providing analysis, planning & decision making support. The functional
areas of a business may be marketing, production, human resource, finance and
accounting.