Frank Ian E.

Escorsa
PHYS101-A15

KINEMATICS PROBLEM

1. An airplane accelerates down a runway at 3.20 m/s2 for 32.8 s until is finally lifts
off the ground. Determine the distance traveled before takeoff.

Solution:
a = +3.2 m/s2 t = 32.8 s vi = 0 m/s

d = vi*t + 0.5*a*t2
d = (0 m/s)*(32.8 s)+ 0.5*(3.20 m/s2)*(32.8 s)2
d = 1720 m

2. A car starts from rest and accelerates uniformly over a time of 5.21 seconds for
110 m. Determine the acceleration of the car.

Solution:
d = 110 m t = 5.21 s vi = 0 m/s

d = vi*t + 0.5*a*t2
110 m = (0 m/s)*(5.21 s)+ 0.5*(a)*(5.21 s)2
110 m = (13.57 s2)*a
a = (110 m)/(13.57 s2)
a = 8.10 m/ s2

3. Upton Chuck is riding the Giant Drop at Great America. If Upton free falls for 2.60
seconds, what will be his final velocity and how far will he fall?

Solution:
a = -9.8 m t = 2.6 s vi = 0 m/s
d = vi*t + 0.5*a*t2
d = (0 m/s)*(2.60 s)+ 0.5*(-9.8 m/s2)*(2.60 s)2
d = -33.1 m
vf = vi + a*t
vf = 0 + (-9.8 m/s2)*(2.60 s)
vf = -25.5 m/s
4. A race car accelerates uniformly from 18.5 m/s to 46.1 m/s in 2.47 seconds.
Determine the acceleration of the car and the distance traveled.
Solution:
vi = 18.5 m/s vf = 46.1 m/s t = 2.47 s

a = (Delta v)/t
a = (46.1 m/s - 18.5 m/s)/(2.47 s)
a = 11.2 m/s2
d = vi*t + 0.5*a*t2
d = (18.5 m/s)*(2.47 s)+ 0.5*(11.2 m/s2)*(2.47 s)2
d = 45.7 m + 34.1 m
d = 79.8 m

5. A feather is dropped on the moon from a height of 1.40 meters. The acceleration
of gravity on the moon is 1.67 m/s2. Determine the time for the feather to fall to
the surface of the moon.
Solution:
vi = 0 m/s d = -1.40 m a = -1.67 m/s2
d = vi*t + 0.5*a*t2
-1.40 m = (0 m/s)*(t)+ 0.5*(-1.67 m/s2)*(t)2
-1.40 m = 0+ (-0.835 m/s2)*(t)2
(-1.40 m)/(-0.835 m/s2) = t2
1.68 s2 = t2
t = 1.29 s

6. Rocket-powered sleds are used to test the human response to acceleration. If a

rocket-powered sled is accelerated to a speed of 444 m/s in 1.83 seconds, then
what is the acceleration and what is the distance that the sled travels?
Solution:
vi = 0 m/s vf = 444 m/s t = 1.83 s
a = (Delta v)/t
a = (444 m/s - 0 m/s)/(1.83 s)
a = 243 m/s2
d = vi*t + 0.5*a*t2
d = (0 m/s)*(1.83 s)+ 0.5*(243 m/s2)*(1.83 s)2
d = 0 m + 406 m
d = 406 m
7. A bike accelerates uniformly from rest to a speed of 7.10 m/s over a distance of
35.4 m. Determine the acceleration of the bike.
Solution:
vi = 0 m/s vf = 7.10 m/s d = 35.4 m
2 2
vf = vi + 2*a*d
(7.10 m/s) = (0 m/s)2 + 2*(a)*(35.4 m)
2

50.4 m2/s2 = (0 m/s)2 + (70.8 m)*a

(50.4 m2/s2)/(70.8 m) = a
a = 0.712 m/s2

8. An engineer is designing the runway for an airport. Of the planes that will use the
airport, the lowest acceleration rate is likely to be 3 m/s2. The takeoff speed for
this plane will be 65 m/s. Assuming this minimum acceleration, what is the
minimum allowed length for the runway?
Solution:
vi = 0 m/s vf = 65 m/s a = 3 m/s2
vf2 = vi2 + 2*a*d
(65 m/s)2 = (0 m/s)2 + 2*(3 m/s2)*d
4225 m2/s2 = (0 m/s)2 + (6 m/s2)*d
(4225 m2/s2)/(6 m/s2) = d
d = 704 m

9. A car traveling at 22.4 m/s skids to a stop in 2.55 s. Determine the skidding
distance of the car (assume uniform acceleration).
Solution:
vi = 22.4 m/s vf = 0 m/s t = 2.55 s
d = (vi + vf)/2 *t
d = (22.4 m/s + 0 m/s)/2 *2.55 s
d = (11.2 m/s)*2.55 s
d = 28.6 m

10. A kangaroo is capable of jumping to a height of 2.62 m. Determine the takeoff

speed of the kangaroo.
Solution:
a = -9.8 m/s2 vf = 0 m/s d = 2.62 m
vf2 = vi2 + 2*a*d
(0 m/s)2= vi2 + 2*(-9.8 m/s2)*(2.62 m)
0 m2/s2 = vi2 - 51.35 m2/s2
51.35 m2/s2 = vi2
vi = 7.17 m/s
 FORCE AND MOTION PROBLEMS

1. What is the acceleration produced by a force of 15 N exerted on an object of

mass 3 kg?
Solution:
m = 3 kg F = 15 N

15 N = 3 kg × a
a = 15N/3kg
a= 5 ms-2

2. What force accelerates a 50 kg mass at 5 ms–2?

Solution:
m = 50 kg a = 5 ms–2

F = ma
F = 50 kg × 5 ms–2
F= 250 N

3. A bullet of mass 0.03 kg is fired with a velocity of 100 ms–1 from a rifle of mass 3
kg. Calculate the recoil velocity of the rifle.
Solution:
mass of the rifle m1 = 3 kg
mass of the bullet m2 = 0.03 kg
Initial velocity of the riffle u1 = 0
Initial velocity of the bullet u2 = 0
Final velocity of the bullet v2 = 100 ms–1

m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2

0 + 0 = 3 × v1 + (0.03) × 100
v1 = (100×0.03)/3
v1= –1.0 ms–1

4. A rifle having a mass of 5 kg fires a bullet at a speed of 250 ms –1. If the rifle
recoil with a velocity of 1 ms–1 then find the mass of the bullet.
Solution:
M = 5 kg, m = ?, V = –1 ms–1, v = 250 ms–1, U = 0, u = 0

MU + mu = MV + mv
0 = MV + mv
m = −MV/v = (−5× (−1) )/250 = 1 50 = 0.02 kg
5. How much momentum will a dumbbell of mass 10 kg transfer to the floor if it falls
from a height of 80 cm? Take its downward acceleration to be 10 ms –2.
Solution:
Mass of dumbbell = 10 kg
Height, h = 80 cm = 0.8 m
a = 10 m/s2 u = 0

v2 – u2 = 2 as
v2 – (0)2 = 2 × 10 × 0.8
v2 = 16
v = 4 m/s
Momentum p = mv
p = 10 × 4
p = 40 kgm/s

6. A hockey ball of mass 200 g travelling at 10 ms–1 is struck, by a hockey stick so

as to return it along its original path with a velocity at 5 ms–1. Calculate the change
of momentum occurred in the motion of the hockey ball by the force applied by
the hockey stick.
Solution:
Mass of ball m = 200 g = 0.2 kg
Initial speed of ball u = 10 m/s
Final speed of ball v = – 5 m/s
Initial momentum of the ball = mu
= 0.2 kg x 10 m/s
= 2 kg m/s
Final momentum of the ball = mv
= 0.2 kg x (_ 5 m/s)
= – 1 kg m/s
Hence, change in momentum
= Difference in the momentum
=2 – (–1)
= 2 + 1 = 3kg m/s

7. Two objects each of mass 1.5 kg, are moving in the same straight line but in
opposite directions. The velocity of each object is 2.5 ms –1 before the collision
during which they stick together. What will be the velocity of the combined object
after collision?
Solution:
Mass of the objects m1 = m2 = 1.5 kg
Velocity of first object v1 = 2.5 m/s
Velocity of second object v2 = – 2.5 m/s
Momentum before collision = m1v1 = m2v2
 = (1.5 × 2.5) + (1.5 × –2.5) = 0
Momentum after collision = m1 + m2 = 1.5 + 1.5 = 3.0 kg
After collision v = ?
According to law of conservation of momentum
Momentum before collision = Momentum after collision
0=3×v
v=0

8. An automobile vehicle has a mass of 1500 kg. What must be the force between
the vehicle and road if the vehicle is to be stopped with a negative acceleration of
1.7 ms–2?
Solution:
mass = 1500 kg
a = –1.7 m/s2
F=?
F=m×a
= 1500 × (– 1.7)
F = – 2550 N

9. An 8000 kg engine pulls a train of 5 wagons, each of 2000 kg, along a horizontal
track. If the engine exerts a force of 40000 N and the track offers a friction force of
5000 N, then calculate the net accelerating force.
Solution:
The net accelerating force = Force exerted by the engine – friction force
= 40000 N – 5000 N = 35000 N
= 35000 N

10. Keep a mass of 100 g on your palm. How much force you feel on your palm?
Calculate this force.
Solution:
Here, m = 1 10 kg and a = 10 ms–2
F = ma
F = 1/10 kg × 10 ms–2 = 1 N
 WORK AND ENERGY PROBLEMS

1. Calculate the work done by a force of 30 N in lifting a load of 2kg to a height

of 10m (g = 10ms-2)
Solution:
Force mg = 30 N; height = 10 m
Work done to lift a load W =?
W = F.S (or) mgh = 30x10
W = 300 J

2. A force F = i+2j+3k acts on a particle and displaces it through a distance S= 4

+6j. Calculate the work done if force and work done are in the same direction.
Solution:
Force F= i+29 +3K
Distance S = 4î+6j
Work done = F S = (î+29 +3k) - (4î +6j) = 4+12+0 = 16 J

3. Two different unknown masses A and B collide. A is initially at rest when B has
a speed v. After collision B has a speed v/2 and moves at right angles to its
original direction of motion. Find the direction in which A moves after collision.
Solution:
Momentum is conserved in both × and y direction.
In x - direction
MBVB = O + MAVA' cosɸ ...(l)
In y - direction
O = MBVB' - MAVA'sinɸ ...(2)
(2)/(1) tanɸ = VB’/VB = 1/2
tan ɸ = ½
ɸ = 26.6° (or) 26° 36' [1° = 60']
θ = 26° 33′
4. A 2kg box slides down a ramp a distance of two meters before it reaches the
ground. The ramp has an angle of 30o. The coefficient of kinetic friction for the
ramp is 0.1. What is the work done by gravity on the box?
Solution:
W=FdcosΘ=(2kg)(10ms2)(2meters)cos(60o)
W=20J

5. What is the work done on a 45kg box that is being pushed with a 100N force
for 5m?
Solution:
W=F∗d
W=(100N)(5m)=500J
6. How much work is done to lift a 2kg block to a point 1m above its resting
location?
Solution:
W=ΔPE
ΔPE=mgΔh
ΔPE=(2kg)(9.81m/s2)(1m−0m)
ΔPE=19.6J

7. What is the work done by gravity if a 50kg block is pushed along a 40m track?
Solution:
Wg=Fgdy
dy=0m
Wg=(10ms2)(0m)
Wg =0J

8. Two objects of masses 2 kg and 4 kg are moving with the same momentum of
20 kg m s-1. Will they have same kinetic energy?
Solution:
KE = p2/2m For the object of mass 2 kg, kinetic energy is
KE, = (20)2/2x2 = 400/4
KE=100J
For the object of mass 4 kg, kinetic energy is
KE = (20)2/2x2 = 400/8
KE=50J

9. A weightlifter lifts a mass of 250 kg with a force 5000 N to the height of 5 m.

What is the work done by the weightlifter?
Solution:
Wweight lifter = Fwh cos𝜃 = FWh (cos0) = 5000 x 5x(1)=25,000 J

10. Calculate the energy consumed in electrical units when a 75 W fan is used for
8 hours daily for one month (30 days).
Solution:
Power, P = 75 W
Time of usage, t = 8 hour × 30 days = 240 hours
Electrical energy consumed is the product of power and time of usage.
Electrical energy = power × time of usage = P × t
= 75 watt x 240 hour = 18000 watt hour
= 18 kilowatt hour = 18 kWh
1 electrical unit = 1 kWh Electrical energy = 18 unit
 IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM

1. A baseball player hits a 150g baseball initially moving at 35m/s, returning it at a

speed of 45m/s along the same path. If the ball was in contact with the bat for
1ms, what magnitude of force did the ball experience during the moment of
contact?
Solution:

J=mΔv
J=FavgΔt

J=mΔv=(0.150kg)(80ms)=12kg∗ms
mΔv=FavgΔt

12kg∗ms=Favg(0.001s)

Solve for the average force.

Favg=12((kg∗m/s)/0.001s)=12,000N
Favg =12kN

2. Two astronauts, Ann and Bob, conduct a collision experiment in a weightless,

frictionless environment. Initially Ann moves to the right with a momentum of
pAi=30kg∗ms, and Bob is initially at rest. In the collision, the two astronauts push
on each other so that Ann's final momentum is pAf=−5kg∗ms to the left. What is
Bob's final momentum?
Solution:
pAi+pBi = pAf+pBf
30((kg∗m)/s) =−5((kg∗m)/s)+pBf
pBf = 35kg∗m/s

3. A pitcher throws a 0.15kg baseball at 40m/s towards the batter and the batter hits
the ball with his bat. The ball leaves the bat in the opposite direction at a speed of
45m/s. Calculate the impulse experienced by the baseball.
Solution:
J = mvf − mvi
J = (0.15 kg)(−45 m/s)−(0.15 kg)(40 m/s)
J = −12.75N⋅s
4. A 0.25kg ball hits a brick wall with a velocity of 30m/s and bounces back at the
same speed. If the ball is in contact with the wall for 0.1s, what is the value of the
force exerted by the wall on the ball?
Solution:
 (mvfinal−mvinitial)=FΔt
(0.25kg∗−30ms)−(0.25kg∗30ms)=F(0.1s)
(−7.5kg⋅ms)−(7.5kg⋅ms)=F(0.1s)
(−15kg⋅ms)=F(0.1s)
(−15kg⋅ms)0.1s=F
−150N=F

5. A ball of mass 0.500 kg with speed 15.0 m/s collides with a wall and bounces
back with a speed of 10.5 m/s. If the motion is in a straight line, calculate the
initial and final momenta and impulse. If the ball exerted an average force of
1000 N on the wall, how long did the collision last?
Solution:
Momentum is defined by p = mv. Taking the right as positive, the initial
momentum of the ball is
pi = (0.5 kg)(-15 m/s) = -7.5 kg-m/s
The final momentum is
pf = (0.5 kg)(10.5 m/s) = 5.25 kg-m/s
Impulse is defined as the change in momentum
I = pf - pi = 12.75 kg-m/s
Average force is related to impulse by I = FaverageΔt, and the wall would exert
this force on the ball to the right.
Therefore,
Δt = I / Faverage = 12.75 kg-m/s / +1000 = 0.013 s.
The ball is in contact with the wallfor approximately 13 milliseconds.

6. A ball of mass 0.25 kg glances of a wall as shown in the diagram. The ball
approaches at 15 m/s at θ = 30° and leaves at 12 m/s at φ = 20°. The collision
lasts for 15 milliseconds. What are the components of the impulse experienced by
the ball?
Solution:
I = mvf – vi
Ix = mvfx − mvix = (0.25) × (12cos20° − 15cos30°) = −0.4285 N­s
Iy = mvfy − mviy = (0.25) × (12sin20° − (−15sin30°)) = +2.9011 N­s
I = −i0.4285 + j2.9011 N­s

7. In a billiards game, one player hits the cue ball towards another ball. The cue ball
has a mass of 0.1kg and hits the other ball with a velocity of 2m/s. If the collision
is completely elastic and the cue ball travels with a velocity of 0.8m/s after the
collision, what is the mass and velocity of the other ball?
Solution:
 m1vi=m1vf+m2v2
12m1v2i=12m1v2f+12m2v22
Rearranging the equation for m2 and the second for v2.
m2=m1(vi−vf)/v2
v2=(vi+vf)
Solve,
v2=(2m/s+0.8m/s)
v2=2.8m/s
m2=m1(vi−vf)v2
m2=((0.1kg)(2m/s−0.8m/s))/2.8m/s=0.043kg

8. Two sumo wrestlers are in a match. At the start of the match, they both lunge at
each other. They hit and miraculously come to a stand still. One wrestler was
200kg and traveling at a velocity of 2.3ms at the instance of collision. If the other
wrestler was traveling at 2.9ms, what is his mass?
Solution:
m1v1=m2v2
Rearrange to solve for m1:
m1=m2v2v1
m1=((200kg)(2.3m/s))/2.9m/s
m1=159kg
9. One car with a mass of 400kg is traveling east at 20ms and collides with a car of
mass 800kg traveling west at 15ms. Assuming the collision is completely inelastic,
what is velocity of the first car after the collision?
Solution:
v=((m1v1+m2v2))/m
v=((400×−20)+(800×15))/400+800

v=((−800+12000))/1200=4000/1200
v=3.33m/s

10. Two astronauts in space are traveling directly towards each other. Astronaut A
has a mass of 70kg and a velocity of 15m/s and Astronaut B has a mass of 60kg
and a velocity of 5m/s. When the astronauts collide, they grab onto each other.
What is the velocity of the two astronauts after the collision as they continue to
grab onto each other?
Solution:
m1v1+m2v2=(m1+m2)vtotal
(70kg⋅15m/s) + (60kg(−5m/s)) = (70kg+60kg)vtotal
vtotal=5.77ms
 ANGULAR MOTION PROBLEMS

1. A particle moves in a straight line past a point O, as shown below. At which point
is the angular momentum maximum? If the distance between O and the line is 2
m, and the object has a mass of 2 kg and a velocity of 3 m/s, what is the maximum
angular momentum of the particle with respect to O?
Solution:

l = pr = mvr = (2)(3 cosθ) = 12

2. What is the angular momentum of a thin hoop of radius 2 m and mass 1 kg that is
rotating at a velocity of 4 rad/s?
Solution:
L = Iσ = MR2σ = (1)(22)(4) = 16

3. A cylinder of mass 250 kg and radius 2.60 m is rotating at 4.00 rad/s on a

frictionless surface when two more identical nonrotating cylinders fall on top of the
first. Because of friction between the cylinders they will eventually all come to
rotate at the same rate. What is this final angular velocity?
Solution:
Lf = Li ... (1)
3IΩf = IΩi
ωf = Ωi / 3 = 1.33 rad/s

4. A 22g bug crawls from the center to the outside edge of a 150g disk of radius 15.0
cm. The disk was rotating at 11.0 rad/s. What will be its final angular velocity? Treat
the bug as a point mass.
Solution:
R2mΩf + ½MR2Ωf = (0)2mΩi + ½MR2Ωi
Ωf = MΩi / (2m + M) = (0.15)(11.0 rad/s) / [2(0.022) + 0.150] = 8.51 rad/s

5. Calculate the angular momentum of a phonograph record (LP) rotating at 33 1 /3

rev/min. An LP has a radius of 15 cm and a mass of 150 g. A typical phonograph
can accelerate an LP from rest to its final speed in 0.35 s, what average torque
would be exerted on the LP?
Solution:
The angular velocity must be converted to rad/s,
Ω = 100/3 rev/min × 2π rad / rev × 1 min / 60 s = 3.4907 rad/s
Thus, we find the angular momentum of the LP to be
L = IΩ = ½MR2Ω = ½(0.15 kg)(0.15 m)2 × (3.4907 rad/s) = 5.8905 × 10-3 kgm2/s
Torque is equal to the change in angular momentum with time,
τ = ΔL / Δt = (Lf Li ) / Δt = (5.8905 × 10-3 kgm2/s 0) / 0.35 s = 1.68 × 10-2 Nm